Books

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Print Culture ◽  
Book History ◽  
Canterbury Tales ◽  
Book Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Press ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Agent Of Change ◽  
Source Of Information

The book is a source of information about the past, a material result of inevitably imperfect human labor. Because they are further disordered by time, books are unstable witnesses to that past. Book history is of growing significance to the study of culture and literature. The importance of the press, and the nature of the “print culture” associated with it, has been the subject of debate between scholars who argue that the press was “an agent of change,” and Adrian Johns and others who insist that while the advent of print resulted in “fixity,” possessive authorship, the invention of copyright, a proliferation of titles, and capitalist investment in book production, they were not its inevitable result. This article focuses on “books,” particularly medieval “books.” It considers the poem “Chaucers Wordes unto Adam, His Owne Scriveyn” and Linne R. Mooney’s identification of Adam Pinkhurst as the copyist of the Hengwrt and Ellesmere manuscripts of Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales.

Occupational and Climatic Rates of Mortality

1931 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-411
Author(s):  
I. A. M‘Taggart ◽  
T. G. Stobie
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Investigation ◽  
New Method ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
List Type ◽  
Inaugural Address ◽  
The Past ◽  
Full Study ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Climatic Risks ◽  
Source Of Information

SynopsisIn his inaugural address the President, dealing with the subject of research in connection with climatic and occupational rates of mortality, suggested that the Faculty might consider the advisability of the question being remitted to a committee to consider and report. In consequence a Sub-Committee was appointed by the Faculty Mortality Committee on 21st November 1930 to consider the subject of extra premiums for occupational and climatic risks generally. The time therefore seems appropriate for the submission to the Faculty for discussion of a paper on this subject.The paper falls naturally into two sections. Section I contains a summary of the work which has been done in the past, chiefly in this country and America : it is hoped that it will form a convenient source of information on the subject, and further, that it will be of use inasmuch as any new method should rest on the basis of a full study of what has been done in the past. It may be mentioned that no attempt has been made to criticise or in any way to indicate the value or otherwise of the studies summarised. Endeavour has been made to include all the more recent studies which have a bearing on the subject under discussion, but it is of course difficult to avoid overlooking some which should have been included.In Section II consideration is given to the methods used in the past, particularly to those employed in connection with the Joint Occupation Study. This leads to the formulation of an object for the proposed statistical investigation, and attention is then given to the problems of attaining this object with particular reference to the needs and practice of assurance companies in this country. A brief description is given of how the proposed investigation might be undertaken, and the following subjects are dealt with :—(a) the hazardous groups to be investigated;(b) the methods of recording the data ;(c) the methods of collecting the data.The relation of the proposed investigation to the Continuous Mortality Investigation now proceeding and to any medico-actuarial investigation which, may be contemplated is discussed ; the suggestion is made that a comprehensive system of collecting the data should be instituted and that the information necessary for a standard, an occupational and climatic, and a medico-actuarial mortality investigation should be embodied on one uniform mortality card.

Aristotle's Use of Medicine as Model of Method in his Ethics

1957 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Political Art ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Source Of Information

Philosophy, in general, moves in a sphere of abstraction, and its statements claim to be necessary and of universal validity. The reader therefore expects them to appeal directly to his reason, and he does not normally reflect much on the time and historical conditions that determined what the philosopher took for granted. It is only in this age of historical consciousness that we have come to appreciate these factors more readily, and the great thinkers of the past appear to us more or less closely related to the culture of their age. The writings of Plato and Aristotle in particular are for us an inexhaustible source of information about Greek society and civilisation. This is true also in regard to the relation of Greek philosophy to the science of its time, and this is of special importance for our understanding. That relation can be traced throughout Aristotle's logical, physical, and metaphysical works; but the influence of other sciences and arts is no less evident in his ethics. In this paper I propose to examine the numerous references to medicine that occur in the Nicomachean Ethics. They are mostly concerned with the question of the best method of treating this subject. The problem of the right method is always of the utmost importance for Aristotle. The discussion of it begins on the first page of the Ethics, where he tries to give a definition of the subject of this course of lectures and attributes it to a philosophical discipline that he calls ‘politics’. He does so in agreement with the Platonic tradition. We can trace it back to one of the dialogues of Plato's first period, the Gorgias, in which the Platonic Socrates for the first time pronounces his postulate of a new kind of philosophy, the object of which ought to be the care of the human soul (φυχῆς θεραπεία). He assigns this supreme task to ‘political art’, even though it does not fulfil this function at present.

scholarly journals Constructing ‘suspect’ communities and Britishness: Mapping British press coverage of Irish and Muslim communities, 1974–2007

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri C Nickels ◽  
Lyn Thomas ◽  
Mary J Hickman ◽  
Sara Silvestri
Keyword(s):  
Press Coverage ◽  
State Security ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
British Press ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Negative Stereotyping

There exist many parallels between the experiences of Irish communities in Britain in the past and those of Muslim communities today. However, although they have both been the subject of negative stereotyping, intelligence profiling, wrongful arrest and prejudice, little research has been carried out comparing how these communities are represented in the media. This article addresses this gap by mapping British press coverage of events involving Irish and Muslim communities that occurred between 1974 and 2007. The analysis shows that both sets of communities have been represented as ‘suspect’ to different degrees, which the article attributes to varying perceptions within the press as to the nature of the threat Irish and Muslim communities are thought to pose to Britain. The article concludes that a central concern of the press lies with defending its own constructions of Britishness against perceived extremists, and against abuses of power and authority by the state security apparatus.

scholarly journals The Image of Sultanate of Oman in the Contemporary Algerian Arabic Press

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ahmed Djehlane
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

This study tried to dive in the archives relating to Oman in the Algerian contemporary press, (1986-2016), and its goal is to look for the Oman presence in the Algerian press, and its role in consolidating of Algeria's Oman relations in the past and present. Based on the above, we have attempted in this study to analyze the subject - after a systematic approach- in the following topics: 1. Introduction to the interesting of Algerian journalists about Oman in modern-day. 2. Algerian press and the contemporary cultural scene in Oman. 3. Algerian press and document the views of the Algerian and Omani on topical issues. Among the findings of the research is the extrapolation of the huge amount of Algerian press material covered by the period of study. That the reasons of Omani-Algerian relationship extend in the depths of history, back to the second century AH, and she has stimulated the efforts of the press pioneers in Algeria and Zanzibar this relation and contributed to its consolidation in this modern age. The study also concluded that the image of the Sultanate of Oman in this press embodies a mosaic of high cultural characteristics. The first is: Oman's adherence to its religious and Arab identity. The second is: his struggle for his freedom and his struggle against colonialism throughout history. The third is: the wrapping of the Omani people around their political leadership and their pride in their scientists. The fourth: the sense of citizenship and co-existence and the entrenchment of the right to difference. The fifth: focus in the renaissance on the humans before the structures, and finally, the image of the Sultanate of Oman in short is: "Is the originality of history, the renaissance of the future, and a worthy example to study and follow-up".

The Last Controversy over Ritual Murder? The Debate over the Paintings in Sandomierz Cathedral

2003 ◽  
pp. 483-490
Author(s):  
Anna Landau-Czajka
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Ritual Murder ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Press ◽  
Religious Paintings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Church Doctrine

This chapter addresses a series of religious paintings in the Sandomierz Cathedral, one of which depicts a ritual murder. In 2000, a debate began over what should be done with a painting whose message was so clearly and unambiguously antisemitic. Should a depiction of ritual murder be on display in a church even though Church doctrine has long recognized that Jews never killed children for matzah? On the other hand, should works of art be censored? If they are illegal or immoral, should they be removed? The subject of the painting in Sandomierz Cathedral soon ceased to be merely a local issue when discussion of it filled the Polish press for several weeks. The main problem seemed to be that the myth of ritual murder, though it should by now have been relegated to the past along with that of the existence of witches, was a subject whose interest, in Poland at least, was by no means confined to historians and folklorists. This should come as no surprise, since the issue of ritual murder was still taken seriously by the press in the period between the two world wars. Despite official Church prohibitions, accusations against the Jews were still being made during that period.

Afterword

Making Milton ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Book History ◽  
Book Trade ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Material Turn ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Features

The Afterword situates the subject of ‘making Milton’ in the broader context of Milton’s value, that is, of making Milton matter, historically, intellectually, and materially. Sauer explains how the volume’s contributions bring Milton Studies into conversation with scholarship on book history, material culture, and the mechanisms of public dissemination. The volume’s tripartite structure is shown to highlight relationships among printing and book trade practices, authorship, and the generation of afterlives, while the collection at large demonstrates how the historical and material operations of ‘making Milton’ intersect. Marking a material turn in Milton Studies, Making Milton serves as a welcome resource and rewarding contribution to the cultural capital of collective book production and reception. While reviewing the book’s key features and arguments, the Afterword also maps out future directions in this ever expanding field.

Despite Decentralization: Disadvantages, Dependence and Ongoing Central Power in the Inland - the Case of Wuhan

1996 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy J. Solinger
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reforms ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The decentralization of fiscal and administrative powers to lower echelons of government is arguably the most outstanding facet of the economic reforms of the past decade and a half. Following this move, the relationship between the centralgovernment and the localities – which has certainly undergone shifts of some sort since 1980 – has been the subject of endless analysis and conjecture, both scholarly and in the press.

Book-Making

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Keen
Keyword(s):  
Print Culture ◽  
Book History ◽  
Printing Press ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Romantic Period ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Economic Infrastructure ◽  
Definition Of

Building on recent print-culture and book-history approaches, this chapter explores the ways that book production in the Romantic period was shaped by a range of factors, including technological advances such as the development of the Stanhope printing press, commercial innovations such as advertising, the evolution of a more sophisticated economic infrastructure, and political issues that frequently turned on print’s ability to reach an audience that extended beyond the traditional reading public. Assumptions in the period about book production were also influenced by highly self-reflexive debates that were inspired by all of these developments, and which raised questions that have become prominent again today in our own debates about the nature and importance of books and the changing and contested definition of ‘the literary’.

A SURVEY OF GENETICS AS IT APPLIES TO PROBLEMS IN MEDICINE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-218
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Source Of Information

GENETICS is the study of heritable variation. The ultimate form the organism takes, its phenotype, is the result of environmental influences imposed upon the potentialities determined by the inherited genetic material, the genotype. Since the inherited capacities are fixed at the time of fertilization and in general do not change throughout the life of the organism, while the environment is ever variable, the study of genetics cannot help but offer an important source of information concerning biological mechanisms. The impact of genetics upon medicine has not been very great in the past, but an increasing interest in the metabolic aspects of disease has led to a recognition of the genetic control of such processes, and it is probable that in the future this subject will become increasingly important. The civilization of man has been exemplified by an increasing concern with the preservation of the life and well-being of individuals, and physicians have emerged as an agency for the counteraction of the action of natural selection. Natural selection may be visualized as limiting extravagant variation, while conserving the latent capacity to vary according to changing environmental requirements. In medicine we seek ways to alter the environment for particular individuals so as to increase and preserve their ability to survive and to reproduce, thereby maintaining variants which might be otherwise eliminated. The contribution to biological variability of the genetic material has been the subject of much study, and it has been pointed out that the favorable or unfavorable selective value of particular genes may best be expressed in terms of their influence upon the ability of the individual to reproduce.

scholarly journals Weber's contribution to content analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Željka Manić
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Press ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spirit Of Capitalism ◽  
Sociological Society

The subject of this paper is Max Weber's contribution to content analysis as a sociological research procedure. Content analysis gained the legitimacy of the sociological method of research in the middle of the 20th century, and Weber occupies a significant place in its history. He used the basic idea of content analysis in "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism" (1904-1905). Weber drew conclusions about the institutionalised form of social communication in the past by studying its recorded content. He analysed the content of protestant catechisms to establish whether, in working with believers, pastors encouraged ethical attitudes conducive to the development of the capitalistic spirit. Later, at the first meeting of the German Sociological Society (1910), Weber proposed undertaking a comprehensive analysis of the content of the press, which did not receive the support of sociologists. His proposal represents the first methodologically designed attempt to give content analysis a place among sociological research procedures. The aim of this paper is to present Weber's contribution to content analysis. His contribution is considered through an analysis of the application of the basic idea of this procedure in 'The Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism' and through advocating its use in speech at the first meeting of the German Sociological Society.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document