Book-Making

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Keen
Keyword(s):  
Print Culture ◽  
Book History ◽  
Printing Press ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Romantic Period ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Economic Infrastructure ◽  
Definition Of

Building on recent print-culture and book-history approaches, this chapter explores the ways that book production in the Romantic period was shaped by a range of factors, including technological advances such as the development of the Stanhope printing press, commercial innovations such as advertising, the evolution of a more sophisticated economic infrastructure, and political issues that frequently turned on print’s ability to reach an audience that extended beyond the traditional reading public. Assumptions in the period about book production were also influenced by highly self-reflexive debates that were inspired by all of these developments, and which raised questions that have become prominent again today in our own debates about the nature and importance of books and the changing and contested definition of ‘the literary’.

Books

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Print Culture ◽  
Book History ◽  
Canterbury Tales ◽  
Book Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Press ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Agent Of Change ◽  
Source Of Information

The book is a source of information about the past, a material result of inevitably imperfect human labor. Because they are further disordered by time, books are unstable witnesses to that past. Book history is of growing significance to the study of culture and literature. The importance of the press, and the nature of the “print culture” associated with it, has been the subject of debate between scholars who argue that the press was “an agent of change,” and Adrian Johns and others who insist that while the advent of print resulted in “fixity,” possessive authorship, the invention of copyright, a proliferation of titles, and capitalist investment in book production, they were not its inevitable result. This article focuses on “books,” particularly medieval “books.” It considers the poem “Chaucers Wordes unto Adam, His Owne Scriveyn” and Linne R. Mooney’s identification of Adam Pinkhurst as the copyist of the Hengwrt and Ellesmere manuscripts of Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales.

Tauchnitz for Translators. The Circulation of English-language Literature in Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Outi Paloposki
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Book History ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Book Production ◽  
German Publisher ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Selection Of

The article looks at book production and circulation from the point of view of translators, who, as purchasers and readers of foreign-language books, are an important mediating force in the selection of literature for translation. Taking the German publisher Tauchnitz's series ‘Collection of British Authors’ and its circulation in Finland in the nineteenth and early twentieth century as a case in point, the article argues that the increased availability of English-language books facilitated the acquiring and honing of translators' language skills and gradually diminished the need for indirect translating. Book history and translation studies meet here in an examination of the role of the Collection in Finnish translators' work.

Textual Transformations

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Book History ◽  
John Dryden ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Original Essays ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lucy Hutchinson ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

This collection of twelve original essays by an international team of eminent scholars in the field of book history explores the many ways in which early modern books were subject to reworking, re-presentation, revision and reinterpretation. Their history is often the history of multiple, sometimes competing, agencies as their texts were re-packaged, redirected and transformed in ways that their original authors might hardly recognize. The essays discuss the processes of editing, revision, redaction, selection, abridgement, glossing, disputation, translation and posthumous publication that resulted in a textual elasticity and mobility that could dissolve distinctions between text and paratexts, textuality and intertextuality, manuscript and print, author and reader or editor, such that title and author’s name are no longer sufficient pointers to a book’s identity or contents. The essays are alive to the impact of commercial and technological aspects of book production and distribution (discussing, for example, the career of the pre-eminent bookseller John Nourse, the market appeal of abridgements, and the financial incentives to posthumous publication), but their interest is also in the many additional forms of agency that shaped texts and their meanings as books were repurposed to articulate, and respond to, a variety of cultural and individual needs. They engage with early modern religious, political, philosophical and scholarly trends and debates as they discuss a wide range of genres and kinds of publication (including fictional and non-fictional prose, verse miscellanies, abridgements, sermons, religious controversy) and of authors and booksellers (including Lucy Hutchinson, Richard Baxter, Thomas Burnet, Elizabeth Rowe, John Dryden, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lucy Hutchinson, Henry Maundrell, John Nourse; Jonathan Swift, Samuel Richardson, John Tillotson, Isaac Watts and John Wesley).

scholarly journals Mathematical model for the thermal enhancement of radiation response: thermodynamic approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana M. De Mendoza ◽  
Soňa Michlíková ◽  
Johann Berger ◽  
Jens Karschau ◽  
Leoni A. Kunz-Schughart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Hyperthermia Treatment ◽  
Reversible Process ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Thermal Enhancement ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractRadiotherapy can effectively kill malignant cells, but the doses required to cure cancer patients may inflict severe collateral damage to adjacent healthy tissues. Recent technological advances in the clinical application has revitalized hyperthermia treatment (HT) as an option to improve radiotherapy (RT) outcomes. Understanding the synergistic effect of simultaneous thermoradiotherapy via mathematical modelling is essential for treatment planning. We here propose a theoretical model in which the thermal enhancement ratio (TER) relates to the cell fraction being radiosensitised by the infliction of sublethal damage through HT. Further damage finally kills the cell or abrogates its proliferative capacity in a non-reversible process. We suggest the TER to be proportional to the energy invested in the sensitisation, which is modelled as a simple rate process. Assuming protein denaturation as the main driver of HT-induced sublethal damage and considering the temperature dependence of the heat capacity of cellular proteins, the sensitisation rates were found to depend exponentially on temperature; in agreement with previous empirical observations. Our findings point towards an improved definition of thermal dose in concordance with the thermodynamics of protein denaturation. Our predictions well reproduce experimental in vitro and in vivo data, explaining the thermal modulation of cellular radioresponse for simultaneous thermoradiotherapy.

scholarly journals The dynamics of computer music

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Keyword(s):  
Computer Music ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Edgard Varese ◽  
Life Long Learning ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Educative Process ◽  
Musical Creativity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Embedded Intelligence

'Organised sound' - the term coined by Edgard Varèse for a new definition of musical constructivism - denotes for our increasingly technologically dominated culture an urge towards the recognition of the human impulse behind the 'system'. Such is the diversity of activity in today's computer music, we need to maintain a balance between technological advances and musically creative and scholarly endeavour, at all levels of an essentially educative process. The model of 'life-long learning' makes a special kind of sense when we can explore our musical creativity in partnership with the computer, a machine now capable of sophisticated response from a humanly embedded intelligence.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of CreER transgenic mice for the study of brain macrophages – a case study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Chappell-Maor ◽  
Masha Kolesnikov ◽  
Jonathan Grozovski ◽  
Jung-Seok Kim ◽  
Anat Shemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Cre Recombinase ◽  
Brain Macrophages ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Communication Circuits ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Macrophage

AbstractConditional mutagenesis and fate mapping have contributed considerably to our understanding of physiology and pathology. Specifically, Cre recombinase-based approaches allow the definition of cell type-specific contributions to disease development and inter-cellular communication circuits in respective animals models. Here we compared Cx3cr1CreER and Sall1CreER transgenic mice and their use to decipher the brain macrophage compartment as a showcase to discuss recent technological advances. Specifically, we highlight the need to define the accuracy of Cre recombinase expression, as well as strengths and pitfalls of these particular systems that should be taken into consideration when applying these models.

scholarly journals Guerra com a lingoa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Windmuller-Luna
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Printing Press ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Ethiopian Orthodox ◽  
Jesuit Mission ◽  
Book Culture

This article examines the book culture of the Jesuit mission to Ethiopia (1557–1632). Combining archival and field research, it considers the composition of the mission’s now-lost libraries, the use of books as tools of conversion, book production, and missionary engagement with Ethiopian Orthodox book culture. Furthermore, it illuminates the Jesuit reliance upon Ethiopian collaborators both to understand Orthodox texts and to produce Catholic manuscripts in the absence of a printing press. Using the personal libraries of Pedro Páez, S.J. and Afonso Mendes, S.J. as case studies, it posits that the gradual acceleration of acts performed by Jesuits upon Orthodox books—including collecting, translating, editing, and destroying—paralleled the rising aggression and cultural intolerance of the mission. Ultimately, this resulted in the expulsion and murder of the Jesuits, and the destruction of their libraries in a series of state-sanctioned book burnings that permitted a revival of Ethiopian Orthodoxy.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Bronchiectasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 587-594
Author(s):  
Laia Fernández-Barat ◽  
Victoria Alcaraz-Serrano ◽  
Rosanel Amaro ◽  
Antoni Torres
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in patients with bronchiectasis (BE) is associated with a poor outcome and quality of life, and its presence is considered a marker of disease severity. This opportunistic pathogen is known for its ability to produce biofilms on biotic or abiotic surfaces and to survive environmental stress exerted by antimicrobials, inflammation, and nutrient or oxygen depletion. The presence of PA biofilms has been linked to chronic respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis but not in BE. There is considerable inconsistency in the reported infection/eradication rates of PA and chronic PA. In addition, inadequate antimicrobial treatment may potentiate the progression from intermittent to chronic infection and also the emergence of antibiotic resistance. A better comprehension of the pathophysiology of PA infections and its implications for BE is urgently needed. This can drive improvements in diagnostic accuracy, can move us toward a new consensus definition of chronic infection, can better define the follow-up of patients at risk of PA, and can achieve more successful eradication rates. In addition, the new technological advances regarding molecular diagnostics, -omics, and biomarkers require us to reconsider our traditional concepts.

Errant Readers

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-112
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Print Culture ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
The Public ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Uncertain Outcome ◽  
Primary Object ◽  
Leisure Reading ◽  
Reform Project

This chapter discusses serialized translated novels. The Arabic novel made its own proper entry into the Arabic print sphere at this moment as a part of the uncertain reform project of print culture. Novels were published after and alongside a larger body of serialized translated novels that in fact occupied the greater part of the new audience's leisure reading habits. Over the course of the first decades of commercial print from the late 1850s to the late 1870s, serialized translated novels appeared in almost every type of Arabic periodical; for many readers, the word “novel” itself probably referred to these works and not the few original ones produced to compete with them. It was not just news translation that was central to the development of Arabic print culture; the translated novel, which appeared first and most prominently in serialized form, was often identified as part of periodicals' reform projects. At the same time that editors embraced translated fiction as a vehicle for their messages, however, their claim that these works served serious moral purposes was by no means indisputable. These novels' excesses were not always containable by the moral intentions of journal editors, who sometimes resorted to qualifications and elaborate interpretations in order to justify their publication. Print's civilizing reform mission, as uncertain as it was, had a primary object: the modern reading subject. Transforming the public into a reading public, and one that read properly, was the goal of many magazine producers who outlined ideal reading practices and modeled them through novels. And it was likewise a goal with an uncertain outcome.

An artificial-intelligence-based method for assessing service quality: insights from the prosthodontics sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Martins ◽  
Fernando A.F. Ferreira ◽  
João J. M. Ferreira ◽  
Carla S.E. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Dental Prosthesis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Definition Of

PurposeThe prosthodontics sector is facing major challenges because of scientific and technological advances that imply a clearer definition of lines of action and decision making processes. Measuring quality of service in this sector is a complex decision problem since the perceptions of three main players need to be considered: patients, dentists and dental technicians. This study sought to develop an artificial-intelligence-based (AI-based) method for assessing service quality in the dental prosthesis sector.Design/methodology/approachUsing strategic options development and analysis (SODA), which is grounded on cognitive mapping, and the measuring attractiveness by a categorical based evaluation technique (MACBETH), a constructivist decision support system was designed to facilitate the assessment of service quality in the dental prosthesis sector. The system was tested, and the results were validated both by the members of an expert panel and by the vice-president of the Portuguese association of dental prosthesis technicians.FindingsThe methodological process developed in this study is extremely versatile and its practical application facilitated the development of an empirically robust evaluation model in this study context. Specifically, the profile analyses carried out in actual clinics allowed the cases in which improvements are needed to be identified.Originality/valueAlthough already applied in the fields of AI and decision making, no prior work reporting the use of SODA and MACBETH for assessing service quality in the prosthodontics sector has been found.

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