The Secrets of Language

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bachner
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Character ◽  
Chinese Script ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
Graphic Form ◽  
Linguistic Difference ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Poetry Collection

In his 2009 poetry collectionQing/man (Light/Slow), Taiwanese poet Chen Li returns to a traditional Chinese form of anagrammatic poetry, the genre of the hidden-character poem (yinzi shi), a rebus-like poetic riddle that focuses on the graphic form the sinograph, by providing clues to its riddle in the form of descriptions of, references to, and graphic components of a given Chinese character. This chapter uses the genre and theory of anagrams as its starting point for a reflection on language, literary creation, and translation, from Ernest Fenollosa’s reflections on the ideographic method to Ferdinand de Saussure’s work on a phonetically understood anagrammar of Indo-European poetry and Haroldo de Campos’s reflections on the poetic resonances in logographic and alphabetic scripts. Rather than essentializing the graphic nature of the Chinese script, Chen Li’s poetic revitalization of the genre of the hidden-character poem challenges preconceived notions of linguistic difference (between sound and script) with an interest in words under words, in the components of (and below) language that constitute language as a concrete practice and allows for a thought of language as duplicitous and multilayered phenomenon.

scholarly journals THE NATURE OF THE CHINESE SCRIPT

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-101
Author(s):  
Jin Xiaolei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Character ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Chinese Script ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Radical Structure

This paper introduces the nature of the Chinese script, with the focus on its origin and development, the main four kinds of creation methods, the basic strokes of Chinese characters and the significance of its radical structure. The author believes that Chinese characters are the carriers of the script, phoneme and meaning as well as of the grammatical structure of the Chinese language. Hence, the Latin alphabet for the Chinese phonetic system cannot replace Chinese character, and learning Chinese character is very important for foreign learners. Finally, the author gives a mnemonic of the basic rules for stroke order that facilitates learners' memory and helps them write characters correctly and quickly.

Exploring the relationships between Nôm characters by comparing forms, sounds, and meanings

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Đình Hiền Nguyễn ◽  
Hai Ha Vu
Keyword(s):  
National Language ◽  
Chinese Script ◽  
Language Poetry ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Poetry Collection

This article identifies and distinguishes Nôm characters by comparing their forms, sounds, and meanings. In this light, the relationships between Nôm characters can be classified into eight specific cases. This article provides examples, in-depth analysis, and a discussion of issues related to each specific case. The corpus this article draws on includes the Nôm characters in Quốc Âm Thi Tập (National language poetry collection) by Nguyễn Trãi (1380–1442) and Truyện Kiều (The tale of Kieu) by Nguyễn Du (1766–1820). The research results of this article can carry implications for the identification of Nôm characters, the studies of authors and their works, phonetics research, as well as the investigation into other scripts adapted from the Chinese script.

scholarly journals History Writ Large: Big-character Posters, Red Logorrhoea and the Art of Words

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geremie R. Barmé
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Chinese Character ◽  
Cultural Authority ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Word Images ◽  
Mao Era ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

The starting point of this paper is the 1986 artwork of the then Xiamen-based artist Wu Shanzhuan, called ‘Red Humor’, which reworked references to big-character posters (dazi bao 大字报) and other Mao-era forms of political discourse, recalling the Cultural Revolution. It explains how Wu’s installation offered a provocative microcosm of the overwhelming mood engendered by a logocentric movement to ‘paint the nation red’ with word-images during the years 1966-1967. This discussion of the hyper-real use of the dazi bao during China’s Cultural Revolution era (c.1964-1978) allows us to probe into ‘the legacies of the word made image’ in modern China. The paper argues that, since the 1980s, Wu Shanzhuan has had many emulators and ‘avant-garde successors’, since we have seen multiple examples of parodic deconstructions of the cultural authority of the Chinese character (zi) in recent decades.

Exploring the relationships between Nôm characters by comparing forms, sounds, and meanings

2020 ◽  
pp. 251385022094539
Author(s):  
Đình Hiền Nguyễn ◽  
Hai Ha Vu
Keyword(s):  
National Language ◽  
Chinese Script ◽  
Language Poetry ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Poetry Collection

This article identifies and distinguishes Nôm characters by comparing their forms, sounds, and meanings. In this light, the relationships between Nôm characters can be classified into eight specific cases. This article provides examples, in-depth analysis, and a discussion of issues related to each specific case. The corpus this article draws on includes the Nôm characters in Quốc Âm Thi Tập (National language poetry collection) by Nguyễn Trãi (1380–1442) and Truyện Kiều (The tale of Kieu) by Nguyễn Du (1766–1820). The research results of this article can carry implications for the identification of Nôm characters, the studies of authors and their works, phonetics research, as well as the investigation into other scripts adapted from the Chinese script.

scholarly journals NARRATIVE PERSPECTIVES IN THE HEART IS A LONELY HUNTER BY CARSON MCCULLERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 08-12
Author(s):  
Duan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
American South ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
Carson Mccullers ◽  
Narrative Strategy ◽  
Narrative Skills ◽  
Narrative Perspective ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Gerard Genette

Spiritual isolation and loneliness have always been the main topic of the works of the southern American writer Carson McCullers. Her superb literary creation lies in that, she not only integrates the theme of loneliness between lines of her works, but also strongly echoes and deepens that theme by use of brilliant narrative skills. The Heart is a Lonely Hunter is such a masterpiece on loneliness, decorated and permeated with exquisite narrative strategy. By means of the narrative theories of Gérard Genette and Shen Dan, and with NARRATIVE PERSPECTIVE as the starting point, the present paper tries to study the unique narrative strategy framed within this work. This paper points out that, McCullers’ portray of characters from many aspects, and her narration from multiple perspectives in this work, not only greatly exalt the work’s narrative tension and aesthetic effect, but also deeply reflect the internal perplexity and solitary state of mind of those people living in American South after the Civil War.

'THE ANIMALS CAN REMEMBER': REPRESENTATIONS OF THE NON-HUMAN OTHER IN ALICE WALKER'S THE TEMPLE OF MY FAMILIAR

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-178
Author(s):  
Amanda Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Multicultural Perspectives ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Systems Of Domination ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Representations Of Women ◽  
Poetry Collection

AbstractThis article offers an ecofeminist reading of representations of non-human animals in Alice Walker's The Temple of My Familiar. It takes as its starting point Warren's definition of ecofeminism as a term that encompasses ''a variety of multicultural perspectives on the nature of connections within social systems of domination . . . and the domination of non-human nature. (Warren 1994: 1). Walker's own identifications of connections between 'social systems of domination' particularly of 'people of colour' and 'nonhuman nature' are examined within the context of Warren's definition and with reference to Walker's poetry collection Horses Make A Landscape Look More Beautiful and the essay 'Am I Blue?' The article then focuses on The Temple of My Familiar, arguing that throughout this deeply intertextual novel, Walker transcends stereotypical representations of women and people of color by choosing to celebrate the perception that they are ''close to nature''.

Graphemic borrowings and transformations from Sinitic: The case of Quốc Âm Thi Tập

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trần Trọng Dương
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
National Language ◽  
Common Trends ◽  
Graphic Form ◽  
Group A ◽  
Major Trend ◽  
The Common ◽  
Group B ◽  
Poetry Collection

This essay studies Vietnamese demotic Nôm characters used to transcribe Sinitic loanwords in the text of Quốc Âm Thi Tập [Poetry Collection in the National Language] by Nguyễn Trãi (1380–1442) using an interdisciplinary approach that combines graphology, historical phonetics, and etymology. The text under study (with 11,067 unique instances of Nôm characters) has 1434 Nôm characters used to transcribe Sinitic loanwords, with 8040 instances of recurrence. These Nôm characters are divided into 10 categories, along two principal groups: (A) Nôm characters that are borrowed from Sinitic; and (B) Nôm characters that are self-generated. Statistics shows that the major trend of Nôm characters used to transcribed Sinitic loanwords is from borrowing (93.3%), while the minor trend is from self-generation (6.7%). Group (A) of Nôm characters mainly uses the method of graphemic borrowing from Sinitic, while group (B) uses two principal methods of graphemic creation: phono-semantic compound and phono-equivalent compound. The results show that basically the system of Nôm characters used to transcribe Sinitic loanwords inherits the graphological tradition of Sinitic as expressed on the following levels: (a) graphemic components from radicals and existing Sinitic characters; (b) methods of graphemic creation including phonetic loan and phono-semantic compound. However, the methods of graphemic creation and the evolution of the graphic form of Nôm characters all follow the common trends of the histories of Nôm characters and the Vietnamese language.

Crystal structure images of large gold clusters and growing crystals by HRTEM

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
L.R. Wallenberg ◽  
J.-O. Bovin ◽  
G. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Close Packing ◽  
Gold Clusters ◽  
Molecular Weight Determination ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nucleation And Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Points Of View

Metallic clusters are interesting from various points of view, e.g. as a mean of spreading expensive catalysts on a support, or following heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic events. It is also possible to study nucleation and growth mechanisms for crystals with the cluster as known starting point.Gold-clusters containing 55 atoms were manufactured by reducing (C6H5)3PAuCl with B2H6 in benzene. The chemical composition was found to be Au9.2[P(C6H5)3]2Cl. Molecular-weight determination by means of an ultracentrifuge gave the formula Au55[P(C6H5)3]Cl6 A model was proposed from Mössbauer spectra by Schmid et al. with cubic close-packing of the 55 gold atoms in a cubeoctahedron as shown in Fig 1. The cluster is almost completely isolated from the surroundings by the twelve triphenylphosphane groups situated in each corner, and the chlorine atoms on the centre of the 3x3 square surfaces. This gives four groups of gold atoms, depending on the different types of surrounding.

Two isoprenylated flavonoids from Dorstenia psilurus activate AMPK, stimulate glucose uptake, inhibit glucose production and lower glycemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (24) ◽  
pp. 3687-3704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aphrodite T. Choumessi ◽  
Manuel Johanns ◽  
Claire Beaufay ◽  
Marie-France Herent ◽  
Vincent Stroobant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Structural Isomer ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Ampk Activation ◽  
Starting Point

Root extracts of a Cameroon medicinal plant, Dorstenia psilurus, were purified by screening for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in incubated mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). Two isoprenylated flavones that activated AMPK were isolated. Compound 1 was identified as artelasticin by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and 2D-NMR while its structural isomer, compound 2, was isolated for the first time and differed only by the position of one double bond on one isoprenyl substituent. Treatment of MEFs with purified compound 1 or compound 2 led to rapid and robust AMPK activation at low micromolar concentrations and increased the intracellular AMP:ATP ratio. In oxygen consumption experiments on isolated rat liver mitochondria, compound 1 and compound 2 inhibited complex II of the electron transport chain and in freeze–thawed mitochondria succinate dehydrogenase was inhibited. In incubated rat skeletal muscles, both compounds activated AMPK and stimulated glucose uptake. Moreover, these effects were lost in muscles pre-incubated with AMPK inhibitor SBI-0206965, suggesting AMPK dependency. Incubation of mouse hepatocytes with compound 1 or compound 2 led to AMPK activation, but glucose production was decreased in hepatocytes from both wild-type and AMPKβ1−/− mice, suggesting that this effect was not AMPK-dependent. However, when administered intraperitoneally to high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant mice, compound 1 and compound 2 had blood glucose-lowering effects. In addition, compound 1 and compound 2 reduced the viability of several human cancer cells in culture. The flavonoids we have identified could be a starting point for the development of new drugs to treat type 2 diabetes.

Overview of Current Approaches to Aural Rehabilitation for Adults With Cochlear Implants

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1175-1187
Author(s):  
Rachel Glade ◽  
Erin Taylor ◽  
Deborah S. Culbertson ◽  
Christin Ray
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Aural Rehabilitation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Hearing Health

Purpose This clinical focus article provides an overview of clinical models currently being used for the provision of comprehensive aural rehabilitation (AR) for adults with cochlear implants (CIs) in the Unites States. Method Clinical AR models utilized by hearing health care providers from nine clinics across the United States were discussed with regard to interprofessional AR practice patterns in the adult CI population. The clinical models were presented in the context of existing knowledge and gaps in the literature. Future directions were proposed for optimizing the provision of AR for the adult CI patient population. Findings/Conclusions There is a general agreement that AR is an integral part of hearing health care for adults with CIs. While the provision of AR is feasible in different clinical practice settings, service delivery models are variable across hearing health care professionals and settings. AR may include interprofessional collaboration among surgeons, audiologists, and speech-language pathologists with varying roles based on the characteristics of a particular setting. Despite various existing barriers, the clinical practice patterns identified here provide a starting point toward a more standard approach to comprehensive AR for adults with CIs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document