Criminal Justice Policy

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrick Percival
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Criminal Justice Policy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Criminal Profiling ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority ◽  
The U.S

This chapter examines criminal justice policy in the U.S. states, discussing the important developments in knowledge in recent years, and outlining key areas for future research in this important area of public policy. The chapter is organized around two fundamental questions. The first is what political forces cause governments to use more coercive forms of crime and social control? The second is how do political forces contribute to the disproportionate level of punishment imposed on racial and ethnic minority groups? Both questions entail basic questions about policing, criminal profiling, and particular campaigns, such as the most recent drug war. In devoting attention to these questions, state and local government researchers have the opportunity to make significant and lasting contributions by moving the field to a more synthesized and theoretically shaped understanding of criminal justice policy in the U.S. states.

Religion and the Military

2018 ◽  
pp. 535-552
Author(s):  
Leana A. Bouffard ◽  
Haerim Jin
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Criminal Justice Policy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Offending Patterns ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides an overview of the literature examining the role of religion and military service in the desistance process. It also identifies outstanding issues and directions for future research. It first presents an overview of research examining the role of religion in desistance and highlights measurement issues, potential intervening mechanisms, and a consideration of faith-based programs as criminal justice policy. Next, this chapter covers the relationship between military service and offending patterns, including period effects that explain variation in the relationship, selection effects, and the incorporation of military factors in criminal justice policy and programming. The chapter concludes by highlighting general conclusions from these two bodies of research and questions to be considered in future research.

A Divinity That Shapes Our Ends

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-263
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Criminal Justice Policy ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
The Law ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
First Time ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Life Sentences

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is in the middle of a tremendous reform of criminal justice policy: for the first time in forty years, there is momentum behind commutations of life sentences. People who have served decades behind prison walls are being granted clemency and released back into society. Simultaneously, a new interpretation of the U.S. Constitution’s protections against cruel and unusual punishment is allowing hundreds of juvenile “lifers” to be resentenced and often released. We argue that it is in the state’s interest to capitalize on these lifers’ hard-won wisdom and experience. Years of isolation, deprivation, brokenness, and self-reflection—while living outside the law and while incarcerated—have put these citizens in a unique position to understand and intervene in cycles of violence that still afflict our communities. For that matter, those rehabilitated lifers who remain in prison also have important contributions to make. This article offers a blueprint for a role the formerly or currently incarcerated can play in decarceration and public safety by helping to create and operate a reintegration hub in Pittsburgh.

Overview of U.S. State and Local Government Financial Reporting: A Reference for Academic Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Jung Kim ◽  
Marlene A. Plumlee ◽  
Stephen Stubben
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
Government Data ◽  
State And Local

The purpose of this paper is to encourage and support academic research related to U.S. state and local government financial reporting. We provide an overview of U.S. state and local governments and their financial reporting, discuss sources of government data available to researchers, review key streams of academic research on governmental financial reporting, and suggest opportunities for future research in this area.

Federal Personnel Offices: Time for Change?

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick L. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
Merit Systems Protection Board ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Merit Systems ◽  
The U.S

In discussing a recent report with the same title by the U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board, this article proceeds to suggest specific actions that government agencies may take to help make their human resources management more effective and make their personnel offices more valuable to their managers. While the study was conducted in a federal setting, indications are that life is not much different in state and local government agencies and the recommendations may be useful to them as well.

From E-Government to E-Governance

2012 ◽  
pp. 237-249
Author(s):  
Kathryn Kloby
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Web 2.0 Technologies ◽  
Collective Wisdom ◽  
The Public ◽  
Integration Of Technology ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources

Increasing scarcity of resources and citizen demand for improved government services are leading public administrators and elected officials to search for new ways to communicate with citizens. The aim is to gain insight through the collective wisdom of the public to inform programmatic and budget decisions. What can result is the alignment of citizen preferences with government actions. E-government involves the integration of technology into government processes and services to provide information, opportunities for interactions, transactions, and transformation through collaboration. There has been much advancement in the way government incorporates technology into its operations. The availability of information and features on government websites that permit transactions are some of the areas that the public sector has vastly improved and provides to the public. Technology also offers the potential for transformation, when it is used to facilitate governance through collaboration within government, across sectors, and with citizens. Web 2.0 is one such technology that involves web-based applications to increase citizen engagement and potentially transform government. Such applications include Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. This chapter profiles three state and local government programs that are utilizing Web 2.0 technologies to bring citizens into the public policy process and record, and potentially act on, their ideas and policy suggestions. The chapter concludes with a discussion of some of the possible concerns associated with adopting Web 2.0 technologies in government processes and outreach strategies, as well as areas for future research.

Unconventional Gas Development in the U.S. States: Exploring the Variation

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Schenk ◽  
Michelle H.W. Lee ◽  
Naveed H. Paydar ◽  
John A. Rupp ◽  
John D. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Republican Party ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Unconventional Gas ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Unconventional Gas Development ◽  
The U.S

This article examines the large interstate variation in levels of unconventional gas development in the U.S. states. The following hypotheses are advanced to predict whether a state will be predisposed toward development: (H1) the availability of unconventional gas reserves; (H2) the availability of infrastructure to support development; (H3) a recent history of conventional oil and gas development; (H4) Republican party control of the Governor's office and state legislature; (H5) relatively low sensitivity to environmental issues; (H6) regulatory systems that treat UGD as a variant of conventional gas development; (H7) a pressing need for economic benefits as indicated by state and local measures of household income, unemployment and poverty; (H8) and public opinion supportive of development. To various degrees, each of the hypotheses is supported but important exceptions and surprises are uncovered in the qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses. Future research should continue the effort to explain the variation of development by expanding the geographical scope of inquiry and enlarging the sample of jurisdictions.

scholarly journals Psychological Challenges Among Older Adults with Early Stage Dementia: A Narrative Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 748-749
Author(s):  
Mijin Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Development Of Identity ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Due to rapid expected growth in the population of older adults with dementia, exploring the issues and experiences related to early stage dementia (ESD) is a fundamental step toward helping individuals adjust to their diagnosis and transition into treatment. The purpose of this paper is to review the extant literature regarding how older adults adjust to and cope with the onset of dementia through major situations and difficulties. A narrative approach was applied to review 120 articles focused on ESD that were published in the U.S. and other western countries between 1995 to 2020. There were four apparent themes in the literature, which align with key chronological experiences related to ESD: diagnosis of dementia; stigma related to dementia; the development of identity with ESD; and social and service-related experiences of older adults with ESD. Stigma related to dementia was a powerful risk factor that hindered psychological adjustment to ESD. Varied cultural perspectives on dementia and a lack of knowledge of dementia symptoms among diverse older adults and their families were also major risk factors. In the U.S., there was a lack of literature, especially around the development of identity with dementia and older adults’ perspectives on available services, Also, there were insufficient U.S.-based studies that explored the challenges of psychological adjustment among racial and ethnic minority groups. Future research could benefit from taking a life course perspective to assess ESD within the context of one’s life and examine challenges associated with ESD across all four themes to promote empowerment.

The Oxford Handbook of State and Local Government

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
American Politics ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
To Come

The Oxford Handbook of State and Local Government is a historic undertaking. It contains a wide range of essays that define the important questions in the field, critically evaluate where we are in answering them, and set the direction and terms of discourse for future work. The Handbook will have a substantial influence in defining the field for years to come. The chapters critically assess both the major contributions to the state and local politics literature and the ways in which the subfield has developed. Each of the chapters represents the author(s) point of view and outlines an agenda for future research. The Oxford Handbooks of American Politics are a set of reference books offering authoritative and engaging critical overviews of the state of scholarship on American politics. Each volume focuses on a particular aspect of the field. The project is under the General Editorship of George C. Edwards III, and distinguished specialists in their respective fields edit each volume. The Handbooks aim not just to report on the discipline, but also to shape it as scholars critically assess the scholarship on a topic and propose directions in which it needs to move. The series is an indispensable reference for anyone working in American politics.

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