Clinical Applications of Functional Neuroimaging

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Papanicolaou ◽  
Roozbeh Rezaie ◽  
Shalini Narayana ◽  
Asim F. Choudhri ◽  
James W. Wheless ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Noninvasive Methods ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Gold Standards

The main clinical application of functional neuroimaging is mapping cortical regions containing part of the circuitry necessary for somatosensory, motor, and language functions and assessing hemispheric dominance for both language and encoding operations of memory prior to several types of brain surgery. Presently, it is used in conjunction with the classical invasive methods of brain mapping. This chapter presents the case for replacing invasive methods with noninvasive ones given the limitations of the invasive methods that render them unjustifiable as “gold standards.” Evidence is presented that the efficacy of the two types of methods in reducing morbidity, facilitating surgical planning, and enhancing surgical outcome is comparable. Additional advantages of noninvasive presurgical brain mapping are also discussed. The chapter concludes that there are no compelling reasons for invasive mapping in most patients whenever noninvasive methods are available.

Neuro-Clinical Signatures of Language Impairments: A Theoretical Framework for Function-to-structure Mapping in Clinics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 800-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferath Kherif ◽  
Sandrine Muller
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Structure Mapping ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language Recovery ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Bow Tie

In the past decades, neuroscientists and clinicians have collected a considerable amount of data and drastically increased our knowledge about the mapping of language in the brain. The emerging picture from the accumulated knowledge is that there are complex and combinatorial relationships between language functions and anatomical brain regions. Understanding the underlying principles of this complex mapping is of paramount importance for the identification of the brain signature of language and Neuro-Clinical signatures that explain language impairments and predict language recovery after stroke. We review recent attempts to addresses this question of language-brain mapping. We introduce the different concepts of mapping (from diffeomorphic one-to-one mapping to many-to-many mapping). We build those different forms of mapping to derive a theoretical framework where the current principles of brain architectures including redundancy, degeneracy, pluri-potentiality and bow-tie network are described.

scholarly journals Functional Neuroimaging and Psychology: What Have You Done for Me Lately?

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Moran ◽  
Jamil Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Subsequent Behavior ◽  
Reverse Inference

Functional imaging has become a primary tool in the study of human psychology but is not without its detractors. Although cognitive neuroscientists have made great strides in understanding the neural instantiation of countless cognitive processes, commentators have sometimes argued that functional imaging provides little or no utility for psychologists. And indeed, myriad studies over the last quarter century have employed the technique of brain mapping—identifying the neural correlates of various psychological phenomena—in ways that bear minimally on psychological theory. How can brain mapping be made more relevant to behavioral scientists broadly? Here, we describe three trends that increase precisely this relevance: (i) the use of neuroimaging data to adjudicate between competing psychological theories through forward inference, (ii) isolating neural markers of information processing steps to better understand complex tasks and psychological phenomena through probabilistic reverse inference, and (iii) using brain activity to predict subsequent behavior. Critically, these new approaches build on the extensive tradition of brain mapping, suggesting that efforts in this area—although not initially maximally relevant to psychology—can indeed be used in ways that constrain and advance psychological theory.

scholarly journals Neuropsychology in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Influences from Cognitive Neuroscience and Functional Neuroimaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Pat McAndrews ◽  
Melanie Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Mapping Function ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
Assessment Strategies

Neuropsychologists assist in diagnosis (i.e., localization of dysfunction) and in prediction (i.e., how cognition may change following surgery) in individuals being considered for temporal lobe surgery. The current practice includes behavioural testing as well as mapping function via stimulation, inactivation, and (more recently) functional imaging. These methods have been providing valuable information in surgical planning for 60 years. Here, we discuss current assessment strategies and highlight how they are evolving, particularly with respect to integrating recent advances in cognitive neuroscience.

scholarly journals Functional Neuroimaging: Fundamental Principles and Clinical Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishanth Khanna ◽  
Wilson Altmeyer ◽  
Jiachen Zhuo ◽  
Andrew Steven
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Clinical Applications

scholarly journals P.106 Functional approach using intraoperative brain mapping and neurophysiological monitoring for surgery of arteriovenous malformations in eloquent areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (s2) ◽  
pp. S44-S44
Author(s):  
P Lopez-Ojeda ◽  
J Sanmillan ◽  
A Fernandez-Coello ◽  
I Fernandez-Conejero ◽  
Y Ali-Ciurana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Neurophysiological Monitoring ◽  
Good Clinical Outcome ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Eloquent Areas

Background: Surgical resection of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in eloquent areas is significantly associated with greater surgical morbidity. We describe a functional approach for surgical treatment of these lesions Methods: A total of 20 patients with AVMs in eloquent areas were surgically treated and retrospectively analyzed. Individualized functional approach, using brain mapping and/or neurophysiological monitoring was performed in each case according to every case specific features and location. Seventeen patients underwent surgery under assleep conditions and 3 -patients underwent awake intraoperative mapping Results: There was no mortality. Four patients had hemorrhagic complications (20%). Ten (50%) presented neurological immediate postoperative worsening. Eight of them achieved complete recovery in follow up and 2 showed a permanent deficit. At 6 months follow up all the patients (100%) had good clinical outcome (mRS less than 2). There were no intraoperative seizures but 5 patients (26.3%) developed postoperative seizures. Fifteen patients (75%) had total AVM resection. Language and/or motor function were identified in all but one patient (95%). Each case required changes in surgical strategy to preserve the motor and/or language functions during surgery. Conclusions: Intraoperative monitoring and brain mapping are valuable and safe for the treatment of eloquent AVMs by indentifying and protecting motor and language function during resection.

scholarly journals fMRI Evidence for Cortical Modification during Learning of Mandarin Lexical Tone

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1019-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Joan A. Sereno ◽  
Allard Jongman ◽  
Joy Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Lexical Tone ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Wernicke’S Area

Functional magnetic resonance imaging was employed before and after six native English speakers completed lexical tone training as part of a program to learn Mandarin as a second language. Language-related areas including Broca's area, Wernicke's area, auditory cortex, and supplementary motor regions were active in all subjects before and after training and did not vary in average location. Across all subjects, improvements in performance were associated with an increase in the spatial extent of activation in left superior temporal gyrus (Brodmann's area 22, putative Wernicke's area), the emergence of activity in adjacent Brodmann's area 42, and the emergence of activity in right inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann's area 44), a homologue of putative Broca's area. These findings demonstrate a form of enrichment plasticity in which the early cortical effects of learning a tone-based second language involve both expansion of preexisting language-related areas and recruitment of additional cortical regions specialized for functions similar to the new language functions.

The role of functional magnetic resonance imaging in brain surgery

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. E4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert-Jan Rutten ◽  
Nick F. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Wada Test ◽  
Functional Mr Imaging ◽  
Large Scale Networks

New functional neuroimaging techniques are changing our understanding of the human brain, and there is now convincing evidence to move away from the classic and clinical static concepts of functional topography. In a modern neurocognitive view, functions are thought to be represented in dynamic large-scale networks. The authors review the current (limited) role of functional MR imaging in brain surgery and the possibilities of new functional MR imaging techniques for research and neurosurgical practice. A critique of current clinical gold standard techniques (electrocortical stimulation and the Wada test) is given.

scholarly journals Posterior integration and thalamo-frontotemporal broadcasting are impaired in disorders of consciousness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajanikant Panda ◽  
Ane Lopez-Gonzalez ◽  
Matthieu Gilson ◽  
Olivia Gosseries ◽  
Aurore Thibaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Resting State ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Cortical Regions

The study of the brain's dynamical activity is opening a valuable source of assistance for the clinical diagnosis of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). For example, dysfunctional spread of naturalistic and synthetic stimuli has proven useful to characterize hampered consciousness. However, understanding of the mechanisms behind loss of consciousness following brain injury is still missing. Here, we study the propagation of endogenous and in-silico exogenous perturbations in patients with DOC, based upon directed and causal interactions estimated from resting-state fMRI. We found that patients with DOC suffer decreased capacity for neural propagation and responsiveness to events. Particularly, that loss of consciousness is related to the malfunctioning of two neural circuits: the posterior cortical regions failing to convey information, in conjunction with reduced broadcasting of information from subcortical, temporal, parietal and frontal regions. These results seed light on the mechanisms behind DOC, thus opening new possibilities for clinical applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document