Gender and the Wars of Nation-Building and Nation-Keeping in the Americas, 1830s–1870s

2020 ◽  
pp. 288-308
Author(s):  
Amy S. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Mexican War ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Female Autonomy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Right

The middle decades of the nineteenth century in the Americas were marked by dramatic warfare in the name of nationalism. The two most important conflicts were the US–Mexican War and the American Civil War. Both participants and observers interpreted the causes and outcomes of these most important conflicts as crucial to gender relations. As this chapter demonstrates, war and martial masculinity were often mutually reinforcing during wartime, while more restrained practices of manhood gained precedence after war’s end. Practices of womanhood were also shaped by the demands of war, leading in many cases to short-term increases in female autonomy and authority. In the long term, however, women rarely benefitted from the larger equation that citizenship was grounded in military sacrifice. Female subservience was ensured by a widespread division between public and private that granted authority and the right to privacy to male heads of households within their domains.

Distinguishable Brain Activation Networks for Short- and Long-Term Motor Skill Learning

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 512-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Floyer-Lea ◽  
P. M. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skill ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Motor Skill Learning ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Learning Stage ◽  
The Right

The acquisition of a new motor skill is characterized first by a short-term, fast learning stage in which performance improves rapidly, and subsequently by a long-term, slower learning stage in which additional performance gains are incremental. Previous functional imaging studies have suggested that distinct brain networks mediate these two stages of learning, but direct comparisons using the same task have not been performed. Here we used a task in which subjects learn to track a continuous 8-s sequence demanding variable isometric force development between the fingers and thumb of the dominant, right hand. Learning-associated changes in brain activation were characterized using functional MRI (fMRI) during short-term learning of a novel sequence, during short-term learning after prior, brief exposure to the sequence, and over long-term (3 wk) training in the task. Short-term learning was associated with decreases in activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal, anterior cingulate, posterior parietal, primary motor, and cerebellar cortex, and with increased activation in the right cerebellar dentate nucleus, the left putamen, and left thalamus. Prefrontal, parietal, and cerebellar cortical changes were not apparent with short-term learning after prior exposure to the sequence. With long-term learning, increases in activity were found in the left primary somatosensory and motor cortex and in the right putamen. Our observations extend previous work suggesting that distinguishable networks are recruited during the different phases of motor learning. While short-term motor skill learning seems associated primarily with activation in a cortical network specific for the learned movements, long-term learning involves increased activation of a bihemispheric cortical-subcortical network in a pattern suggesting “plastic” development of new representations for both motor output and somatosensory afferent information.

scholarly journals (M,β)-Stability of Positive Linear Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavian Pastravanu ◽  
Mihaela-Hanako Matcovschi
Keyword(s):  
Linear System ◽  
Linear Systems ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
The Right ◽  
Long Term Behavior ◽  
Stability Concept

The main purpose of this work is to show that the Perron-Frobenius eigenstructure of a positive linear system is involved not only in the characterization of long-term behavior (for which well-known results are available) but also in the characterization of short-term or transient behavior. We address the analysis of the short-term behavior by the help of the “(M,β)-stability” concept introduced in literature for general classes of dynamics. Our paper exploits this concept relative to Hölder vectorp-norms,1≤p≤∞, adequately weighted by scaling operators, focusing on positive linear systems. Given an asymptotically stable positive linear system, for each1≤p≤∞, we prove the existence of a scaling operator (built from the right and left Perron-Frobenius eigenvectors, with concrete expressions depending onp) that ensures the best possible values for the parametersMandβ, corresponding to an “ideal” short-term (transient) behavior. We provide results that cover both discrete- and continuous-time dynamics. Our analysis also captures the differences between the cases where the system dynamics is defined by matrices irreducible and reducible, respectively. The theoretical developments are applied to the practical study of the short-term behavior for two positive linear systems already discussed in literature by other authors.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Synchronization Between G3 Countries

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amado Peirό
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Us ◽  
Production Prices ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper studies the existence of a world business cycle by examining quarterly and annual comovements in production, prices and interest rates in the three main world economies: Germany, Japan and the US. In accordance with earlier studies, contemporaneous relationships clearly dominate short-term dynamics. The evidence indicates the existence of strong comovements in prices and long-term interest rates, and, to a lesser degree, in GDP and short-term interest rates. They are, however, rather unstable over time.

scholarly journals Teaching Future Educators During a Global Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Jacquelynne Anne Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Private Higher Education ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Private Higher Education Institutions ◽  
K 12

While schools are the center of attention in many regards throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, programs that prepare educators have not received nearly as much attention. How has the reliance on technology, shifts in daily norms with health precautions, and other pandemic-related changes affected how colleges and universities are preparing teachers for their careers? This article walks the reader through the pandemic, from spring 2020, when the virus first shut down the US in most ways, to the winter of 2021. The authors, two educator preparation faculty members from both public and private higher education institutions in Massachusetts, reflect on their experiences navigating the challenges and enriching insights the pandemic brought to their work. Considerations for future implications for the field of teacher-preparation are delineated to think about the long-term effects this pandemic could have on higher education and K-12 education.

scholarly journals Contrarian and Momentum Strategies in the Indian Capital Market

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Sehgal ◽  
I Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Momentum Strategy ◽  
Momentum Strategies ◽  
Holding Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
One Year

The study attempts to evaluate if there are any systematic patterns in stock returns for the Indian market. The empirical findings reveal that there is a reversal in long-term returns, once the short-term momentum effect has been controlled by maintaining a one year gap between portfolio formation period and the portfolio holding period. A contrarian strategy based on long-term past returns provides moderately positive returns. Further, there is a continuation in short-term returns and a momentum strategy based on it provides significantly positive payoffs. The results in general are in conformity with those for developed capital markets such as the US.

The Effect of Covid-19, Rupiah Exchange Rate, and Inflation on the Indonesia Sharia Stock Index during the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-336
Author(s):  
Achmad Agus Priyono ◽  
Ari Kartiko
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Stock Market Index ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Dollar

Purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of the number of daily cases reported to have contracted the Covid-19 virus, the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar and inflation on the movement of the Indonesian Sharia stock index (ISSI) during the Pandemic Covid 19 in the short term and long term. Data analysis methods that used is analysis Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) using Eviews software 10. The data collected is daily time series data starting from March 2, 2020 to May 31, 2021 so that the number of samples collected obtained as many as 283 samples . The results of the study stated that the addition of the daily number of reported cases of contracting the Covid-19 virus has a negative impact on The Indonesian Sharia Stock Market Index (ISSI) during the Covid-19 pandemic, so that encourage the weakening of the Stock Index both in the long and long term short. Likewise, the weakening of the rupiah against the US dollar will caused the fall of the sharia index during the Covid 19 pandemic, both in the long term and long and short term. However, the study found no effect inflation on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) during the Covid19 pandemic, good long term and short term

Personal Data Protection in Digital Libraries

2011 ◽  
pp. 413-429
Author(s):  
Ioannis Iglezakis
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
Privacy Threats ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Library Users ◽  
Personally Identifiable Information ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Right

Digital libraries provide many advantages compared with traditional libraries, such as wide and round the clock availability of resources, lack of physical boundaries, etc. However, the disclosure of personally identifiable information in the course of processing activities may lead to an invasion of privacy of library users, without their being aware of it. In fact, privacy threats are increased in the digital environment, in which digital libraries operate. The right to privacy in the library is “the right to open inquiry without having the subject of one’s interest examined or scrutinized by others” (ALA, 2005). Users of digital libraries have similar privacy expectations when making use of their services. The issues concerning the privacy of digital libraries’ patrons are thus addressed in comparative perspective, in this chapter. In more particular, the legal regulations with regard to data protection in digital libraries in the EU and the US are presented. The comparative analysis of the two legal orders shows differences and similarities, but also highlights loopholes of protection.

Terrorism and Violence

2019 ◽  
pp. 138-180
Author(s):  
Douglas Allen
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Absolute Truth ◽  
Relative Truth ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status

Ever since 9/11 in the US and 26/11 in India, terrorism has been a central concern. Gandhi is generally assumed to be of little value when confronting terrorism today. At best, he is irrelevant; at worst, he is complicit and contributes to the crisis since he opposes necessary violent responses. This essay argues that while Gandhi does not have all of the answers for dealing with terrorism today, he provides us with a complex analysis essential for understanding and responding to the multidimensional structural crisis. After analyzing the nature and meaning of terrorism, we focus on the following topics: Gandhi’s interactions with terrorists; his means-ends analysis and his short-term and long-term preventative approaches to terrorism; his analysis of absolute truth and relative truth in approaching terrorism; and his general analysis of the status of “the other” in transforming our relations with violent, terrorizing, and terrorized others.

Echoes of the French Revolution in the Rhineland, 1830–1849

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sperber
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Grand Duchy ◽  
The French Revolution

Of all the regions of Central Europe, the Rhineland was the one most affected by the French Revolution. The area on the left bank of the Rhine belonged for almost two full decades to the First French Republic and the Napoleonic Empire; parts of the right bank were, for a shorter period, under the rule of the Napoleonic satellite state, the Grand Duchy of Berg. In studying these unusual circumstances, historians have sometimes focused on short-term political implications, asking how the Rhenish population of the 1790s responded to the Jacobin regime. They have also studied the long-term social and economic effects of the revolutionary legislation and the secularization of church lands.

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