scholarly journals Relation between Residence in the Southeast Region of the United States and Stroke Incidence: The NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 665-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Gillum ◽  
D. D. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Southeast Region ◽  
Nhanes I

scholarly journals Trends in Stroke Prevalence in the United States Population Age 25-74, 1971-1994.

Circulation ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 1362-1362
Author(s):  
Paul Muntner ◽  
Michael J Klag ◽  
Josef Coresh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Stroke Prevalence ◽  
The Us ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Nhanes I

P58 Mortality from stroke in the United States (US) has declined since 1900. Primary prevention was credited for much of this decline through the 1970s; however, observational studies have indicated that stroke incidence did not decline during the 1980s. In contrast, improvement in stroke survival has been noted in the 1970s and 1980s. The effect of these secular trends on the prevalence and number of stroke survivors in the US has not been determined. The prevalence and number of non-institutionalized stroke survivors in the US was estimated through self-report for three time periods, 1971-1975, 1976-1980, and 1988-1994, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I, II, and III, respectively. Prevalence and number of stroke survivors were analyzed for the overall US population and by age (25-59, 60-74), race (White and African-American), and sex. Estimates were limited to the US population age 25-74 years old because NHANES I and II did not interview persons 75 years of age and older. The age, race, and sex adjusted prevalence of stroke increased from 1.41 to1.69 to 1.87; an average increase of 7.5% (95% confidence interval, CI: -2%, 18%) for each 5-year period between NHANES I, II, and III. Additionally, the number of stroke survivors increased from 1.5 to 2.4 million across this same time period. The prevalence of stroke among the US population age 60-74 years of age increased from 4.2% to 5.0% to 5.2% from NHANES I to III; an average increase of 6.4% for each 5 years (95% CI: -3%, +17%) during the period analyzed. In contrast, among persons age 25-59 the prevalence of stroke was less than 1% in all three-time periods and a secular trend was not present. Although stroke prevalence increased 28% for each 5-year period among African-American females (95% CI: +3%, +56%) and +12% among White males (95% CI: -2%, +29%) it did not change among African-American males or White females. In contrast, the number of stroke survivors increased among all age, race and sex sub-groups. Despite the absence of strong trends in stroke prevalence, the number of non-institutionalized stroke survivors under age 75 years of age increased substantially.

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Stroke Incidence: A Systematic Review

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011892
Author(s):  
Yeonwoo Kim ◽  
Erica Twardzik ◽  
Suzanne E. Judd ◽  
Natalie Colabianchi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo summarize overall patterns of the impact of neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) on incidence stroke and uncover potential gaps in the literature, we conducted a systematic review of studies examining the association between nSES and incident stroke, independent of individual socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsFour electronic databases and reference lists of included articles were searched, and corresponding authors were contacted to locate additional studies. A keyword search strategy included the three broad domains of neighborhood, SES, and stroke. Eight studies met our inclusion criteria (e.g., nSES as an exposure, individual SES as a covariate, and incident stroke as an outcome). We coded study methodology and findings across the eight studies.ResultsThe results provide evidence for the overall nSES and incident stroke association in Sweden and Japan, but not within the United States. Findings were inconclusive when examining the nSES-incident stroke association stratified by race. We found evidence for the mediating role of biological factors in the nSES-incident stroke association.ConclusionsHigher neighborhood disadvantage was found to be associated with higher stroke risk, but it was not significant in all the studies. The relationship between nSES and stroke risk within different racial groups in the United States was inconclusive. Inconsistencies may be driven by differences in covariate adjustment (e.g., individual-level sociodemographic characteristics, neighborhood-level racial composition). Additional research is needed to investigate potential intermediate and modifiable factors of the nSES and incident stroke association, which could serve as intervention points.

scholarly journals Shrimp Processing in the Southeast: Supply Problems and Structural Change

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred J. Prochaska ◽  
Chris O. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Supply Situation ◽  
Southeast Region ◽  
Industry Organization ◽  
Shrimp Industry

A growing deficit in shrimp landings relative to processing needs in the Southeast Region of the United States concerns both industry and government officials. Structural changes in the shrimp industry are encouraged by the growing supply deficit. The shrimp supply situation and resulting industry organization changes are the primary concerns of this paper.

scholarly journals Issue of Compliance with Use of Personal Protective Equipment among Wastewater Workers across the Southeast Region of the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Wright ◽  
Atin Adhikari ◽  
Jingjing Yin ◽  
Robert Vogel ◽  
Stacy Smallwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Occupational Illness ◽  
Southeast Region ◽  
The Impact

Wastewater workers are exposed to different occupational hazards such as chemicals, gases, viruses, and bacteria. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a significant factor that can reduce or decrease the probability of an accident from hazardous exposures to chemicals and microbial contaminants. The purpose of this study was to examine wastewater worker’s beliefs and practices on wearing PPE through the integration of the Health Belief Model (HBM), identify the impact that management has on wastewater workers wearing PPE, and determine the predictors of PPE compliance among workers in the wastewater industry. Data was collected from 272 wastewater workers located at 33 wastewater facilities across the southeast region of the United States. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to present frequency distributions of participants’ knowledge and compliance with wearing PPE. Univariate and multiple linear regression models were applied to determine the association of predictors of interest with PPE compliance. Wastewater workers were knowledgeable of occupational exposures and PPE requirements at their facility. Positive predictors of PPE compliance were perceived susceptibility and perceived severity of contracting an occupational illness (p < 0.05). A negative association was identified between managers setting the example of wearing PPE sometimes and PPE compliance (p < 0.05). Utilizing perceived susceptibility and severity for safety programs and interventions may improve PPE compliance among wastewater workers.

scholarly journals Incidence of Silent Stroke in the United States

Stroke ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 363-363
Author(s):  
Megan C Leary ◽  
Jeffrey L Saver
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
The Us

P134 Background: Recent estimates of stroke incidence in the US range from 715,000–750,000 annually. These estimates, however, do not reflect silent infarcts and hemorrhages. Since population-based studies have found that prevalence of silent stroke is 10–20 times that of symptomatic, estimates of stroke incidence based solely on symptomatic events may substantially underestimate the annual burden of stroke. Silent strokes contribute to vascular dementia, gait impairment, and other major adverse patient outcomes. Methods: Incidence of silent infarcts for different age strata were derived from two US population-based studies of the prevalence of silent infarct-like lesions on MRI, Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities and Cardiovascular Health Study. Prevalence observations in these studies and age-specific death rates from the US Census Bureau were inputted to calculate silent infarct incidence (method of Leske et al). Similarly, incidence rates of silent hemorrhage at differing ages were extrapolated from population-based prevalence observations employing MR GRE imaging in the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study. Age-specific incidence rates were projected onto age cohorts in the 1998 US population to calculate annual burden of silent stroke. Results: Derived incidence rates per 100,000 of silent infarct ranged from 6400 in the age 50–59 strata to 16400 at ages 75–79. Extrapolated incidence rates of silent hemorrhage ranged from 230 in the age 30–39 strata to 7360 at ages > 80. Incidence rates of both subclinical infarcts and hemorrhage increased exponentially with age. Overall estimated annual US occurrence of silent infarct was 9,039,000, and of silent hemorrhage 2,130,000. Conclusion: In 1998, nearly 12 million strokes occurred in the United States, of which ∼750,000 were symptomatic and over 11 million were subclinical. Among the silent strokes, ∼81% were infarcts and ∼19% hemorrhages. These findings demonstrate that the annual burden of stroke is substantially higher than suggested by estimates based solely on clinically manifest events, and suggest that greater research and clinical resources should be allocated to stroke prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Identifying Genetic and Biological Determinants of Race-Ethnic Disparities in Stroke in the United States

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 3417-3424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Kamin Mukaz ◽  
Neil A. Zakai ◽  
Salvador Cruz-Flores ◽  
Louise D. McCullough ◽  
Mary Cushman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

In the United States, causes of racial differences in stroke and its risk factors remain only partly understood, and there is a long-standing disparity in stroke incidence and mortality impacting Black Americans. Only half of the excess risk of stroke in the United States Black population is explained by traditional risk factors, suggesting potential effects of other factors including genetic and biological characteristics. Here, we nonsystematically reviewed candidate laboratory biomarkers for stroke and their relationships to racial disparities in stroke. Current evidence indicates that IL-6 (interleukin-6), a proinflammatory cytokine, mediates racial disparities in stroke through its association with traditional risk factors. Only one reviewed biomarker, Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]), is a race-specific risk factor for stroke. Lp(a) is highly genetically determined and levels are substantially higher in Black than White people; clinical and pharmaceutical ramifications for stroke prevention remain uncertain. Other studied stroke risk biomarkers did not explain racial differences in stroke. More research on Lp(a) and other biological and genetic risk factors is needed to understand and mitigate racial disparities in stroke.

Trends in stroke incidence in the United States

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 982-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Koton ◽  
Kathryn M. Rexrode
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stroke Incidence
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