scholarly journals ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE: IS CARBOHYDRATE-DEFICIENT TRANSFERRIN A MARKER FOR ALCOHOL INTAKE?

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. LESCH ◽  
H. WALTER ◽  
J. ANTAL ◽  
R. D. KANITZ ◽  
A. KOVACZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin

scholarly journals Unveiling sex-based differences in the effects of alcohol abuse: a comprehensive functional meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franc Casanova Ferrer ◽  
María Pascual ◽  
Marta R. Hidalgo ◽  
Pablo Malmierca-Merlo ◽  
Consuelo Guerri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Transcriptomic Studies

AbstractThe abuse of alcohol, one of the most popular psychoactive substances, can cause several pathological and psychological consequences, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). An impaired ability to stop or control alcohol intake despite adverse health or social consequences characterize AUD. While AUDs predominantly occur in men, growing evidence suggests the existence of distinct cognitive and biological consequences of alcohol dependence in women. The molecular and physiological mechanisms participating in these differential effects remain unknown. Transcriptomic technology permits the detection of the biological mechanisms responsible for such sex-based differences, which supports the subsequent development of novel personalized therapeutics to treat AUD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of transcriptomics studies regarding alcohol dependence in humans with representation from both sexes. For each study, we processed and analyzed transcriptomic data to obtain a functional profile of pathways and biological functions and then integrated the resulting data by meta-analysis to characterize any sex-based transcriptomic differences associated with AUD. Global results of the transcriptomic analysis revealed the association of decreased tissue regeneration, embryo malformations, altered intracellular transport, and increased rate of RNA and protein replacement with female AUD patients. Meanwhile, our analysis indicated that increased inflammatory response and blood pressure and a reduction in DNA repair capabilities associated with male AUD patients. In summary, our functional meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies provides evidence for differential biological mechanisms that AUD patients of differing sex.Abstract Figure

Screening tests for alcoholism or people at risk of alcohol abuse

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allemann
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Frühe Diagnose ◽  
Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin

Es ist allgemein bekannt, daß eine frühe Diagnose im Suchtbereich zu einem besseren therapeutischen Resultat führt und körperliche sowie psychosoziale Folgeschäden, aber auch massive Folgekosten verhindert. Deshalb wurden im Bereich Alkoholscreening in den letzten 15 Jahren weltweit aufwendige Forschungsarbeiten durchgeführt mit allerdings ernüchternden Resultaten. Abgesehen vom noch relativ neuen und teuren CDT-Test (Carbohydrate-deficient Transferrin) und einigen Abänderungen von Fragebögen (vorwiegend Kürzungen) stehen uns momentan als Screeningtests weiterhin nur die seit Jahrzehnten verwendeten und etablierten Methoden zur Verfügung. Das persönliche Gespräch, eine spezifische Anamnese und die Erfahrung des einzelnen Therapeuten wird deshalb auch in Zukunft nicht so rasch ersetzt werden können. Dabei gilt es aber auch in der Zukunft, eigene Ängste vor der Diagnose Alkoholismus und deren allfälligen Folgen sowohl für den Patienten wie auch den Praxisbetrieb zu überwinden. Die Plinius Major Society empfiehlt in ihren «Guidelines on evaluation of treatment of alcohol dependence» als Kurztest (allgemeines Screening) den CAGE-Fragebogen abzugeben, der vom Patienten in kurzer Zeit selbständig durchgeführt werden kann. In der Hausarztpraxis oder der Klinik besser bewährt und aufschlußreicher sind der MALT oder AUDIT, da diese schnell durchführbar und aussagekräftiger sind. Als gängigste und immer noch als die am weitesten verbreiteten Labormarker empfiehlt sie die Durchführung von gamma-GT, MCV, GOT/GPT und CDT

Is carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum useful for detecting excessive alcohol consumption in hypertensive patients?

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2057-2063 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Fagerberg ◽  
S Agewall ◽  
A Berglund ◽  
M Wysocki ◽  
P A Lundberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
High Alcohol ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
High Alcohol Intake

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic usefulness of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum in a cross-sectional study of 439 treated hypertensive men. We related the results to alcohol intake by questionnaire and to biochemical and hemodynamic measurements known to reflect excessive alcohol consumption. The diagnostic sensitivity and the specificity for high alcohol intake (> or = 24 g/day of ethanol) were 44% and 87%, respectively. The group with reported high alcohol intake (n = 32) was characterized by hemodynamic and biochemical changes typical of alcohol abuse. The corresponding profile for the patients with increased serum CDT concentrations (n = 70) was different in several respects, indicating a considerable number of false-positive tests. We conclude that serum CDT determination had low sensitivity and specificity for excessive alcohol consumption in this group of hypertensive patients. The results illustrate the importance of evaluating new laboratory methods in unselected patient populations before drawing any conclusions about their clinical value.

Alcoholism and Depression: Recent Results on the Mutual Interaction between Alcohol use, Stress-axis Dysfunction, and Affective Disorders

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
F. Kiefer ◽  
K. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Stress Axis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Coherent Body ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Alcohol intake is known to modulate plasma concentrations of neuroendocrine peptides. However, recent results suggest that the endocrine system may not only respond passively to alcohol intake, but that -vice versa- it also actively modulates alcohol intake behaviour. The most coherent body of data concerns the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, with low corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) being associated with more intense craving and increased probability of relapse after acute detoxification. It is important to bear in mind that dysregulation of the HPA system, as observed in alcohol dependence, is also a feature of anxiety and depression, two conditions which are frequently linked with alcohol dependence and have been reported to be associated with a poor prognosis. In depression, increased secretion of CRH seems to be one crucial mechanism. It has been found as a marker of depressive symptoms, which normalises when depression is successfully treated. Hypersecretion of CRH is associated with a general hyperactivity of the HPA system, notably elevated plasma levels of ACTH and cortisol, a blunted cortisol stress response and a blunted dexamethasone suppression test. In any case, HPA dysregulation, alcohol dependence, and depression are closely interrelated. Exactly which component of this triad is the driving force behind the various neuroendocrine correlates of drinking behaviour is currently unclear, and will need to be elucidated by future research. This will allow for an enlightened choice of potentially therapeutic agents for the treatment of co-morbid anxiety, depression, and alcohol dependence, acting primarily on the HPA system.

Does comorbid depression and alcoholic dependence influence cognition in Bulgarian womеn?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S473-S473
Author(s):  
V. Giannouli ◽  
D. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Behavior And Cognition

IntroductionPrevious research on the impact of alcohol intake on human behavior and cognition has revealed the detrimental effects of alcohol dependence. Especially in women, depression is often associated with the initiation of alcohol abuse that provokes new episodes of depression and this cycle tends to chronify.ObjectiveAlthough the co-occurrence of depression and alcoholism is well documented, there is still scarce data on the cognition of depressed alcohol-depended women. The aim of the present study is to examine the cognitive function in women who demonstrate both depression and alcohol dependence.MethodA group of fifty-three Bulgarian women with a formal diagnosis of alcohol dependence (Mage = 43.89, SDage = 9.48; level of education: all with high school education) and varying levels of depressive symptomatology were examined at the Municipal Council on Drug Addiction Blagoevgrad. Information were collected from personal history taking (anamnesis), self-reports and the Lesch Alcoholism Typology–Questionnaire (LAT online program). The women were grouped according to their age (27–45 and 46–71).ResultsResults indicated that there is a significant influence of depression (P = .032), a slightly above the statistical significance level non-influence of age (P = .056), and an interaction of the influence of depression*age (P = .048) on self-reported cognitive performance.ConclusionsThe present research suggests that future researchers should further clarify in a more systematic way the factors that influence cognition in this special population with comorbid depression and alcoholic dependence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE INTRANASAL ADMINISTRATION ON FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN AND ANXIETY OF RATS WITH ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Anna Shlіakhova ◽  
Elena Veselovska ◽  
Olga Berchenko ◽  
Anna Titkova ◽  
Elena Prikhodko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Intranasal Administration ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Paroxysmal Activity ◽  
The Brain

Introduction. Disturbances of the molecular nitrosergic mechanisms of brain activity regulation underlie the reduction of brain protective functions under alcohol dependence. However, development of pathogenetically substantiated approaches to the correction of nitrogen oxide (NO) imbalance in the structures of the limbico-neocortical system of the brain (LNCSB) remains insufficient. Objective. To study the effect of intranasal sodium nitroprusside (SNP) administration on anxiety, electrical activity of the LNCSB and NO content in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and septum + nucleus аccumbens of rats with alcohol dependence. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on 50 nonlinear white adult male rats in a chronic experiment in 3 groups: intact rats; rats with alcohol dependence; rats with alcohol dependence and intranasal SNP administration. The model of alcohol dependence was created by voluntary alcohol intake at a dose of 1.25 g/kg body weight of rat for 35 days. SNP was administered intranasal at a dose of 8 μg/kg body weight of the animal. The level of anxiety was determined by means of neuroethological tests: multi-parameter comprehensive assessment of anxiety, «open field» and «tail suspension test». The electrical activity of LNCSB was registered by the stereotactic introduction of electrodes. The concentration of NO was investigated in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, septum + nucleus аccumbens Results. Intranasal administration of SNP to rats with alcohol dependence led to suppression of convulsive and paroxysmal activity, caused by alcoholization and withdrawal of alcohol, on the electroencephalogram of the structures of the LNCSB and increased the absolute power of biopotentials of the delta and theta ranges on the spectrogram of the hippocampus. Reduction of anxiety was found in rats with a high baseline level of anxiety accompanied by recovery of NO level, which was depleted by chronic alcoholization, in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Conclusions. Intranasal administration of SNP as a NO donor causes anxiolytic effects in the state of alcohol withdrawal depending on the baseline level of anxiety: in rats with the high baseline level of anxiety – reduces this level; in rats with the low baseline level – restrains it at the level of anxiety after alcohol intake. Intranasal administration of SNP to the rats with alcohol withdrawal causes positive changes in the electroencephalogram of the LNCSB, which are manifested in suppression of convulsive and paroxysmal activity and enhancement of brain biopotentials in alpha and delta ranges on spectrogram of hippocampus with sustaining this effect for whole day. Intranasal administration of SNP is a source of short-term supply of NO to brain cells, which leads to the restoration of NO levels in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, septum and nucleus accumbens – structures that are involved in the regulation of emotional motivational behavior. Key words. limbic-neocortical system of the brain, model of alcohol dependence, anxiety, nitric oxide, sodium nitroprusside

scholarly journals Comparison of Disulfiram and Naltrexone in Cases of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Sandarba Adhikari ◽  
Pratikchya Tulachan ◽  
Saroj Prasad Ojha ◽  
Manisha Chapagai ◽  
Saraswati Dhungana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Keywords Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
Approved Drugs

Background: Relapse prevention in alcoholism is recognised as an important component of management. Use of pharmacotherapies to prevent relapse in combination to psychological intervention is emerging. Disulfiram and Naltrexone are two of three FDA approved drugs for pharmacotherapy. The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of these two drugs in preventing relapse in alcohol dependence syndrome cases. Methods: A prospective crossectional study was conducted to compare disulfiram and naltrexone in alcohol dependent patients in tertiary institution. Cases of alcohol dependence syndrome were diagnosed based on ICD-10 DCR presenting to psychiatry department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, over the period of 6 months. After detoxification and fulfillment of inclusion criteria, semi structured proforma, Severity of alcohol dependence questionnaire, Stages of change readiness and treatment eagerness scale, Obsessive compulsive drinking scale were applied. Drug allocation was based on simple random method and on subsequent follow ups done at 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th week semi structured proforma, Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale were completed and psychological intervention continued. After data collection, analysis and final results were computed.Results: Both drugs reduced craving (p<0.001) and amount of alcohol intake (p<0.001). Relapse was more in naltrexone group but was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Side effects were more with disulfiram (p<0.001) whereas dropout was more in naltrexone group, (p<0.01).Conclusions: Disulfiram and Naltrexone were equally effective in reducing craving, reducing amount of alcohol intake, and preventing relapse in 12 weeks follow up period. Naltrexone was found to be better in tolerability whereas disulfiram was better in terms of dropout from treatment. Keywords: Alcohol dependence; disulfiram; naltrexone; relapse

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