scholarly journals Poverty and survival from COVID-19 in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Olivia Millán-Guerrero ◽  
Ramiro Caballero-Hoyos ◽  
Joel Monárrez-Espino
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Lower Survival ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Poverty And Inequality

Abstract Background Recent evidence points to the relevance of poverty and inequality as factors affecting the spread and mortality of the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19 patients living in Mexican municipalities with high levels of poverty have a lower survival compared with those living in municipalities with low levels. Methods Retrospective cohort study. Secondary data was used to define the exposure (multidimensional poverty level) and outcome (survival time) among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between 27 February and 1 July 2020. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) from Cox regression were computed. Results Nearly 250 000 COVID-19 patients were included. Mortality was 12.3% reaching 59.3% in patients with ≥1 comorbidities. Multivariate survival analyses revealed that individuals living in municipalities with extreme poverty had 9% higher risk of dying at any given time proportionally to those living in municipalities classified as not poor (HR 1.09; 95% CI 1.06–1.12). The survival gap widened with the follow-up time up to the third to fourth weeks after diagnosis. Conclusion Evidence suggests that the poorest population groups have a lower survival from COVID-19. Thus, combating extreme poverty should be a central preventive strategy.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Poverty on the Island of Sumatera

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patria Nagara ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Government

Poverty is a problem faced by many developing countries in general. Poverty is a reflection of the economic activities carried out by a country. The poverty level of a country shows that the development programs implemented by the government are not optimal. This study was conducted to analyze the determinants of poverty in 10 provinces on the island of Sumatra from 2006-2019. Multiple regression equation models were built for this research using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method with the e-views 8 tool. The results show that simultaneously, the independent variable has a significant effect on poverty and partially one variable that does not significantly affect poverty, namely unemployment. An increase in education (literacy rate) and infrastructure (road length) leads to an increase in poverty and inequality in income distribution (the Gini Index), resulting in a decrease in poverty. It is hoped that future researchers will use education, infrastructure, and income distribution variables with different proxies.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Poverty Level In South Sumatra, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Jhony Franata ◽  
Taufiq Marwa ◽  
Muhammad Komri Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Fiscal Balance

The study aims to find out the direct and indirect effect of education, health, government investment and private investment on productivity as well as the poverty level in South Sumatera. The study used secondary data of 2004-2005 published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (DJPK) and other institutions. It used Path Analysis. The Result of the study show that (1) education, health, and government investment did not directly influence the productivity in South Sumatra, while the private investment directly and positively influenced the productivity in South Sumatra, (2) education, government investment, and private investment did not directly influence the poverty level in South Sumatra, while the health and productivity directly and significantly but negatively influenced the poverty level in South Sumatra, (3) education, health, and government investment indirectly did not influence the poverty level through the productivity in South Sumatra, while the private investment indirectly have significant and negative impact on poverty level through productivity in South Sumatera. 

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Poverty Level In South Sumatra, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Jhony Franata ◽  
Taufiq Marwa ◽  
Muhammad Komri Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Fiscal Balance

The study aims to find out the direct and indirect effect of education, health, government investment and private investment on productivity as well as the poverty level in South Sumatera. The study used secondary data of 2004-2005 published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (DJPK) and other institutions. It used Path Analysis. The Result of the study show that (1) education, health, and government investment did not directly influence the productivity in South Sumatra, while the private investment directly and positively influenced the productivity in South Sumatra, (2) education, government investment, and private investment did not directly influence the poverty level in South Sumatra, while the health and productivity directly and significantly but negatively influenced the poverty level in South Sumatra, (3) education, health, and government investment indirectly did not influence the poverty level through the productivity in South Sumatra, while the private investment indirectly have significant and negative impact on poverty level through productivity in South Sumatera. 

scholarly journals Preoperative prealbumin-to-fibrinogen ratio predict Survival Outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after hepatic resection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Haixi ◽  
Chen Shuaishuai ◽  
Yang Qiong ◽  
Cai Linling
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Clinicopathologic Factors ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical application of preoperative prealbumin-to-fibrinogen ratio (PFR) in the clinical diagnosis and prognostic value of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods: The clinical and laboratory data of 269 HCC patients undergoing surgical treatment from January 2012 to January 2017 in Taizhou Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The Cox regression model was used to analyze the correlation between PFR and other clinicopathologic factors in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: Cox regression analysis showed that PFR (hazard ratios [HR] = 2.123; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.271–3.547; P = 0.004)was independent risk factors affecting the OS of HCC patients. Furthermore, a nomogram was built based on these risk factors. The C indices statistics for the OS nomogram was 0.715. Conclusion: Nomograms based on PFR can be recommended as the correct and actual model to evaluate prognosis for patients with HCC.

scholarly journals THE ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS OF POPULATION GROWTH, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND POVERTY LEVEL IN MAESAN DISTRICT BONDOWOSO REGENCY

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Fahmi Arif Kurnianto ◽  
Dian Rakhmasari ◽  
Fahrudi Ahwan Ikhsan ◽  
Bejo Apriyanto ◽  
Elan Artono Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The People ◽  
Growth Economic

Poverty is one of the problems in the economy and environment that must be resolved immediately. The factors that influence poverty are population growth, economic growth, and unemployment. This observation aims to find out the relation of environment, population growth, economic growth, and unemployment on the level of poverty in Maesan Subdistrict, Bondowoso Regency. The data in this observation is secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Bondowoso Regency. The results of this observation indicate that in comparison the variables of population growth, economic growth, and unemployment, have a significant effect on the level of poverty and environment in Maesan District, Bondowoso Regency. According to the data we obtain from the field between the influence of population growth, the economy and unemployment on average the rate of growth is slow and the people are still quite backward, still need more attention for environment effect and there are concrete actions for the development of the Maesan region. Therefore the government's encouragement is very important to promote the community in Maesan District, Bondowoso Regency. Keywords: Population Growth, Maesan, Unemployment   References Basri, Faisal H. 1998. Indonesian Economy Ages in the XXI Century, Distortion, Opportunities and Constraints. Jakarta: Erlangga. Boediono. 1993. Microeconomics. Yogyakarta: BPFE. Ellies S. 1994. The Dimension of Poverty. Jakarta: Kumarien Press Komariyah, Ani. 2013. Analysis of Several Factors Affecting Fishermen's Income: Case Study in Tembokrejo Village, Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency. Jember: University of Jember Prawoto, Nano. 2005. "Understanding Poverty and Handling Strategy ". Journal of Economics and Development. Vol. 6 No. 1. FE UMY Simanjuntak, P. 1998: Introduction to FEUI's Human Resource Economics. Sukirno, Sadono. 1992. Introduction to Macroeconomics. Jakarta: LPFI-Press. Widarjono, A.2013. Econometrics Theory and Application. Yogyakarta: Econisia.

PENGARUH PENYELENGGARAAN HAJI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS EKONOMl DI WILAYAH PROPINSI DKI JAKARTA

ALQALAM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Chairul Akmal
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Travel Agency ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This research analyzes some factors affecting economic activities in relation with the conduct of pilgrimage. Those factors are the pilgrimage cost, the amount of pilgrims, and the amount of pilgrimage officers. The objective of this research is to acquire the information of how each factor and all factors together affect the economic activities. This research also analyzes the effect of foods and drinks expenses, the effect of nonfoods and drinks expenses, and the effect of miscellaneous expenses on UMKM - Micro, Small, Medium enterprises' economic activities.             This research is conducted in DKI Jakarta in 2007. The population of this research is the average economic activities in DKI Jakarta in 2007. There are 42 respondents (Banks), 157 respondents (travel agencies), and 50 respondents (UMKM - Micro, Small, Medium enterprises) which are taken as samples from the population using the purposive sampling method. The data is obtained by the researcher using questioners and secondary data which is taken from 1990-2007.             The methodology used in this research is based on. the causal relationship model In testing the hypothesis of this research, the researcher uses the simple and multiple regression methods, and path analysis method. The significant rate a = 0,05 used in determining the interpretation of the statistic result. The data is processed using SPSS (Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences) version 12.00.             The results of the analysis in the 1st equation -are (i) the effect of the pilgrimage cost on banks' revenues is quite strong, (ii) the effect of the pilgrimage cost on travel agencies' revenues is quite strong, (iii) the effect of the pilgrimage cost on UMKM - Micro, Small, Medium enterprises' revenues is weak.             The results of the analysis in the 2nd equation are (i) the effect, of the amount of pilgrims on Banks' revenues is very weak, (ii) the effect of the amount of pilgrims on travel agencies' revenues is very weak, (iii) the effect of the amount of pilgrims on UMKM - Micro, Smal4 Medium enterprises' revenues is very weak.             The results of the analysis in the 3rd equation are (i) the effect of the amount of pilgrimage officers on banks' revenues is very weak, (ii) the effect of the amount of pilgrimage officers on travel agencies' revenues is very weak, (iii) the effect of the amount officers on UMKM-Micro, Small Medium enterprises' revenues is very weak.   The results of the analysis in the 4th equation are (i) the effect of all three factors which are the pilgrimage cost, the amount of pilgrims, and the amount of pilgrimage officers simultaneously on banks' revenues is very strong, (ii) The effect of all three factors which are pilgrimage costs, the amount of pilgrims, and the amount of pilgrimage officers simultaneously on travel agencies' revenues is strong, (iii) The effect of all three factors which are pilgrimage costs, the amount of pilgrims, and the amount of pilgrimage officers simultaneously on UMKM-Micro, Small Medium enterprises' revenues is strong.             The result of the analysis in the 5th equation is the effect of foods and drinks expenses on UMKM-Micro, Small Medium enterprises' revenues is weak. In the 6th equation, the effect of nonfoods and drinks expenses on UMKM-Micro, small Medium enterprises' revenues is weak. In the 7th equation, the effect of miscellaneous expenses on UMKM - Micro, Small Medium enterprises' revenues is quite strong. In the 8th equation, the effect of all three factors which are the effect of foods and drinks expenses, the effect of nonfoods and drinks expenses, and the effect of miscellaneous expenses simultaneously on UMKM-Micro, Small Medium enterprises' revenues is quite strong.             The implication of the research results mentioned above is the factors in the conduct of pilgrimage do increase the economic activities (Banks, Travel Agencies, and UMKM - Micro, Smal4 Medium enterprises) in DKI Jakarta. Therefore, considering that matter, the General Director of the conduct of pilgrimage division of Department of Religion Republic of Indonesia should determine the pilgrimage cost which is affordable, increase the service, and provide a good information system which will result in a better conduct of the pilgrimage. Key word: The Costs of Hajj, Hajj Officer, Travel Agency, UMKM

DETERMINAN INFLASI DI INDONESIA PERIODE 1980-2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Risna Risna
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
State Spending ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Interest Rate

This study aims to determine the effect of government spending, the money supply, the interest rate of Bank Indonesia against inflation.This study uses secondary data. Secondary data were obtained directly from the Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank Indonesia. It can be said that there are factors affecting inflationas government spending, money supply, and interest rates BI. The reseach uses a quantitative approach to methods of e-views in the data. The results of analysis of three variables show that state spending significantand positive impact on inflationin Indonesia, the money supply significantand negative to inflationin Indonesia, BI rate a significantand positive impact on inflation in Indonesia

Bantuan Hukum Cuma-Cuma Bagi Tersangka yang Tidak Mampu Pada Tingkat Penyidikan

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rio Saputra ◽  
Mokhammad Najih
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Study Techniques ◽  
The Right

<p><em>Suspects have the right to obtain legal assistance, especially for suspects who are classified as economically disadvantaged in accordance with Article 56 of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). The facts show that there are many irregularities in the implementation of legal aid, therefore it is necessary to know about the implementation of free legal aid for suspects who are incapacitated at the level of investigation and the factors that become obstacles in the implementation of legal aid. This legal research is an empirical legal research and this research is descriptive in nature. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The techniques used to collect data were document study techniques and interview techniques. Inhibiting factors affecting the implementation of free legal aid for suspects who are unable at the level of investigation can be classified and differentiated into 3 factors, namely, legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture).</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Legal Aid, Criminal Cases</em></p>

Analysis of Financial Performance of Public Sector Banks in India: CAMEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 097674792096686
Author(s):  
Yudhvir Singh ◽  
Ram Milan
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Public Sector Banks ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Asset Quality

Public sector banks have been merged by the government in the last few years. This is the rationale behind conducting this study. The purpose of this article is to determine the factors affecting the performance of public sector banks in India and the interrelationship between bank-specific determinants and performance of public sector banks. In this article, we shall analyse the financial data of all the public sector commercial banks for a period spread across 11 years (2009–2019); Capital adequacy, Assets quality, Management efficiency, Earning, and Liquidity (CAMEL) has been used as a performance determinant; system generalised method of moments (GMM) analysis has been used to find the effect of determinants on the performance measurement of public sector banks; and CCA (canonical correlation analysis) has been used to find the interrelationship between the bank-specific determinants and the performance of public sector banks. The finding has important implications in terms of performance in the banking sector. Certain limitations of this study are: It is based on secondary data. The study only covers the financial aspects and not the non-financial aspects. It is found that the asset quality is negatively related with performance of public sector banks. Liquidity and inflation are inversely related to performance of public sector banks in India. Capital adequacy is positively related with banks’ performance, but inversely related with banks’ interest margin. GDP growth has a significant positive impact on banks’ performance, but inversely related with banks’ interest income. Inflation rate is inversely related with banks’ performance. Banking sector reforms are insignificantly related with banks’ performance.

Fracture Risk in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Charles Kassardjian ◽  
Jessica Widdifield ◽  
J. Michael Paterson ◽  
Alexander Kopp ◽  
Chenthila Nagamuthu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Osteoporosis Prevention ◽  
Inception Cohort ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Multiple Covariates ◽  
Region Of Residence

Background: Prednisone is a common treatment for myasthenia gravis (MG), and osteoporosis is a known potential risk of chronic prednisone therapy. Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the risk of serious fractures in a population-based cohort of MG patients. Methods: An inception cohort of patients with MG was identified from administrative health data in Ontario, Canada between April 1, 2002 and December 31, 2015. For each MG patient, we matched 4 general population comparators based on age, sex, and region of residence. Fractures were identified through emergency department and hospitalization data. Crude overall rates and sex-specific rates of fractures were calculated for the MG and comparator groups, as well as rates of specific fractures. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression. Results: Among 3,823 incident MG patients (followed for a mean of 5 years), 188 (4.9%) experienced a fracture compared with 741 (4.8%) fractures amongst 15,292 matched comparators. Crude fracture rates were not different between the MG cohort and matched comparators (8.71 vs. 7.98 per 1000 patient years), overall and in men and women separately. After controlling for multiple covariates, MG patients had a significantly lower risk of fracture than comparators (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.63–0.88). Conclusions: In this large, population-based cohort of incident MG patients, MG patients were at lower risk of a major fracture than comparators. The reasons for this finding are unclear but may highlight the importance osteoporosis prevention.

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