scholarly journals Assessment of the possible association between phthalate exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in egyptian children

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S R Mohamed ◽  
N E A Mohammed ◽  
E A M Elzohairy ◽  
M H Abdelsalam
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Phthalate Exposure ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Phthalate Metabolite

Abstract Background Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood. Phthalates are industrial chemicals often used in personal care products and to soften plastics in toys and household items such as food containers, and medical devices. Animal studies have reported that the phthalate compound might cause hyperactivity and impulsivity in rats. However, the relation between phthalates and ADHD in human is still controversial. Objective The aim of our study is to investigate the possible association between urinary phthalate metabolite levels and attention deficit disorder, learning disability in 6–12-years old children. Methods Urine samples were obtained from 80 children. All children were selected from the attendants of Abu elreesh child psychiatry outpatient clinic, Cairo University. subjects were divided into two main groups Group A consisted of 50 children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed by psychiatric consultant and Group B consisted of 30 normal children. In urine, mono butyl phthalate (MBP) metabolite were measured with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The mean concentration of MBP level was (15.539±8.316) for cases (group A) and (8.085 ±2.426) for controls (group B) with significant difference between groups. Also there was significant correlation with processing milk, plastic containers, toys, cosmetics, wall, and floor material containing phthalate exposure and higher level of (MBP) in urine of group A. Conclusion The present study showed association between phthalate metabolites in urine and symptoms of ADHD among school-age children.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Misperception of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among the Primary School Teachers of Vadodara District, Gujarat, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anupsinh H Chhasatia ◽  
Lakhan R Kataria ◽  
Induben R Kataria
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Private School ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorders of childhood. Teachers can play a key role in identifying and supporting students with ADHD. In order to fulfill this important role, teachers must have explicit knowledge about ADHD. Teachers are seen as one of the most valuable sources of information concerning the referral and diagnosis of ADHD. They also have the responsibility for creating an environment conducive to academic, social, and emotional success for children with ADHD. This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge and misperceptions of ADHD of primary school teachers in the Vadodara district of Gujarat, India. Materials & Methods: Total 491 school teachers participated in the study. The Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (KADDS) along with a demographic questionnaire was used as the survey instruments to collect data. Descriptive statistics and correlation tests were used to analyze the data. Result: Results indicated that teachers’ knowledge of ADHD was insufficient. A significant difference in knowledge was found between Urban & Rural (0.00429); Gujarati & English medium school teachers (p=0.0013); Government & private school teachers (p=0.001). Conclusion: Lack of knowledge & prevalence of misperception is obvious in primary school teachers who are the first responders of such patients (kids). Improving teachers’ standards & understanding can help significantly in early diagnosis & improving the outcome.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the response of lisdexamfetamine in children and adolescents with ADHD: quasi-experimental study

Salud Mental ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
Eduardo Barragán Pérez ◽  
◽  
Juan Carlos García Beristain ◽  
Ricardo Hidalgo Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Stimulant Drugs ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. Although lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) offers a treatment alternative, clinical evidence of LDX for ADHD has not been explored in Latin American pediatric population. Objective. To evaluate the LDX response in Mexican pediatric patients with ADHD. Method. We designed a quasi-experimental, uncontrolled before and after study to evaluate the LDX response in patients with severe ADHD. We established a diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-5 criteria. We formed three groups: without previous treatment (group A), in treatment with stimulant drugs (group B) or in treatment with non-stimulant drugs (group C). Prior to the start of the study, letters of consent and informed consent were signed. We evaluated the effect of LDX based on the difference between ADHD-RS scores at the beginning and after six months. Results. We recruited a total of 144 patients (group A: 48 patients, group B: 57 patients, group C: 39 patients). All the groups showed a significant decrease in the mean score of ADHD-RS (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale) at six months (group A 37.57 vs. 22.34, p

scholarly journals Validation of the Expression and Emotion Scale for Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder into Brazilian Portuguese

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 563-569
Author(s):  
Margarete Andreozzi Vaz Pereira Simon ◽  
Umbertina Conti Reed ◽  
Brigette Vaughan ◽  
Valdecir Antonio Simon ◽  
Erasmo Barbante Casella
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Psychometric Data ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Objective To validate the parent-rated Expression and Emotion Scale for Children (EESC) for patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods The EESC was applied to parents of children with and without ADHD. The children were divided into age groups: Group A, between six and eight years old; Group B, between nine and 11 years old; and Group C, between 12 and 15 years old. The validation was carried out according to the steps proposed by Guillemin et al. For the statistical calculation, Cronbach’s α, Pearson’s correlation, the ICC and ROC curve were used. Results The statistical tests showed satisfactory coefficients: Cronbach’s α = 0.76; Pearson’s correlation r = 0.91 with CI 95%; replicability ICC = 0.66; sensitivity 0.75; specificity 0.67; accuracy 71%. Conclusion According to psychometric data on internal and external consistency (reliability, reproducibility), sensitivity, and specificity, the parent-rated EESC for ADHD is useful in assessing emotional expression.

scholarly journals DRD4 Gene Polymorphisms as a Risk Factor for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Iranian Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei ◽  
Shahrokh Amiri ◽  
Sara Faghfouri ◽  
Seyed Gholamreza Noorazar ◽  
Shahin AbdollahiFakhim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Drd4 Gene ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northwest Of Iran

Background and Objective. Dopamine dysfunction is known to be associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) is one of the important genes in this pathway. This study intended to investigate the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in exon 3 of the DRD4 gene in Iranian children and adolescents. Materials and Methods. In this study, 130 children with ADHD, aged 6–14 years, and 130 healthy children, within the same age range, were enrolled. All children were selected from northwest of Iran which have Caucasian ethnic background and are of a Turkic ethnic group. VNTR polymorphisms of the DRD4 gene were evaluated by PCR using exon 3-specific primers followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Findings. The Hardy-Weinberg principle and Chi-square test showed a significant difference in 4-repetition (4R) alleles between the ADHD (76.2%) and control (53.8%) groups (p=0.004; X2=17.39; df=5). The least percentage of repetition alleles in both groups was 2R. Conclusion. There is a significant correlation between the 4R alleles of DRD4 and ADHD in the northwest of Iran.

Mainstream and Remedial School Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Boys: More Alike than Different

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
J. B. Savitz ◽  
P. Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Executive Deficits ◽  
Mainstream School ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks

The literature on the neuropsychology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is plagued by inconsistent findings, which are usually attributed to a variety of extraneous variables. One of the most inadequately explored of these variables is the difference between ADHD children attending remedial and mainstream schools. This study aimed to investigate whether the performance of remedial and mainstream school ADHD boys differs on relevant neuropsychological tasks. The sample consisted of three groups of 8- to 12-year-old boys. Two of these groups consisted of children with ADHD: one from remedial schools and one from mainstream schools. The third group was made up of participants without ADHD, who attended mainstream schools. The performance of the remedial school learners on the Stroop, Lurian and cancellation tasks was investigated and compared to a mainstream school ADHD sample. The performance of the ADHD group as a whole was compared with that of a control group. No significant difference in performance was found between the two ADHD groups, except for the length of time taken to read words in the control condition of the Stroop. The control group out-performed the ADHD samples on the Stroop, Lurian and cancellation tasks. The findings suggest that mainstream and remedial ADHD boys do not differ in the severity of their executive deficits, but that boys with ADHD attending remedial schools may be more likely to have another learning disorder than their counterparts at mainstream schools.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Creativity, and the Effects of Methylphenidate

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-819
Author(s):  
Jeanne B. Funk ◽  
John B. Chessare ◽  
Michael T. Weaver ◽  
Anita R. Exley
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant

Given that children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more impulsive than peers, this study explored whether they are correspondingly more creative, and whether creativity declines when impulsivity is decreased through methylphenidate (Ritalin) therapy. A repeated-measures quasi-experimental design was used to compare the performance of 19 boys with previously diagnosed ADHD and 21 comparison boys aged 8 through 11 on two administrations of alternate forms of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural (nonverbal). Boys with ADHD received prescribed methylphenidate only for the first session. Overall, mean Torrance summary scores for comparison boys (mean = 115.1, SD = 16.1) were higher than for boys with ADHD (mean = 107.6, SD = 12.7). However, the difference between means was small (7%) and did not meet the 25% criterion for a clinically significant difference. No changes in performance over time (comparison group) or medication state (ADHD group) were observed. These data suggest that, when measured nonverbally, the creative thinking performance of boys with ADHD is not superior to that of peers who do not have ADHD. Regarding the effects of methylphenidate, prescribed therapy did not influence performance on this measure of creative thinking.

scholarly journals The effect of methylphenidate-OROS® on the narrative ability of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa L. Rausch ◽  
Diane L. Kendall ◽  
Sara T. Kover ◽  
Elizabeth M. Louw ◽  
Ursula L. Zsilavecz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Narrative Ability

Background and objective: Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience difficulty with expressive language, including form (e.g. grammatical construction) and content (e.g. coherence). The current study aimed to investigate the effect of methylphenidate-Osmotic Release Oral System® (MPH-OROS®) on the narrative ability of children with ADHD and language impairment, through the analysis of microstructure and macrostructure narrative elements.Method: In a single group off–on medication test design, narratives were obtained from 12 children with ADHD, aged 7–13 years, using wordless picture books. For microstructure, number of words, type–token ratio and mean length of utterance were derived from narrative samples using Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts conventions. For macrostructure, the narratives were coded according to the Narrative Scoring Scheme, which includes seven narrative characteristics, as well as a composite score reflecting the child’s overall narrative ability.Results: The administration of MPH-OROS® resulted in a significant difference in certain aspects of language macrostructure: cohesion and overall narrative ability. Little effect was noted in microstructure elements.Conclusion: We observed a positive effect of stimulant medication on the macrostructure, but not on the microstructure, of narrative production. Although stimulant medication improves attention and concentration, it does not improve all aspects of language abilities in children with ADHD. Language difficulties associated with ADHD related to language content and use may be more responsive to stimulant medication than language form, which is likely to be affected by cascading effects of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity beginning very early in life and to progress over a more protracted period. Therefore, a combination of treatments is advocated to ensure that children with ADHD are successful in reaching their full potential.

Association between phthalates and externalizing behaviors and cortical thickness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1601-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Park ◽  
J.-M. Lee ◽  
J.-W. Kim ◽  
J. H. Cheong ◽  
H. J. Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Phthalate Metabolites ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Phthalate Metabolite

Background.Previous studies have implicated the relationship between environmental phthalate exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms of childhood, but no studies have been conducted in children who have a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD obtained through meticulous diagnostic testing. We aimed to determine whether phthalate metabolites in urine would be higher in children with ADHD than in those without ADHD and would correlate with symptom severity and cortical thickness in ADHD children.Method.A cross-sectional examination of urine phthalate metabolite concentrations was performed; scores for ADHD symptoms, externalizing problems, and continuous performance tests were obtained from 180 children with ADHD, and brain-imaging data were obtained from 115 participants. For the control group, children without ADHD (N = 438) were recruited. Correlations between phthalate metabolite concentrations and clinical measures and brain cortical thickness were investigated.Results.Concentrations of phthalate metabolites, particularly the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolite, were significantly higher in boys with ADHD than in boys without ADHD. Concentrations of the di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) metabolite were significantly higher in the combined or hyperactive-impulsive subtypes compared to the inattentive subtype, and the metabolite was positively correlated with the severity of externalizing symptoms. Concentrations of the DEHP metabolite were negatively correlated with cortical thickness in the right middle and superior temporal gyri.Conclusions.The results of this study suggest an association between phthalate concentrations and both the diagnosis and symptom severity of ADHD. Imaging findings suggest a negative impact of phthalates on regional cortical maturation in children with ADHD.

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