Validation of the Expression and Emotion Scale for Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder into Brazilian Portuguese

ABSTRACT Objective To validate the parent-rated Expression and Emotion Scale for Children (EESC) for patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods The EESC was applied to parents of children with and without ADHD. The children were divided into age groups: Group A, between six and eight years old; Group B, between nine and 11 years old; and Group C, between 12 and 15 years old. The validation was carried out according to the steps proposed by Guillemin et al. For the statistical calculation, Cronbach’s α, Pearson’s correlation, the ICC and ROC curve were used. Results The statistical tests showed satisfactory coefficients: Cronbach’s α = 0.76; Pearson’s correlation r = 0.91 with CI 95%; replicability ICC = 0.66; sensitivity 0.75; specificity 0.67; accuracy 71%. Conclusion According to psychometric data on internal and external consistency (reliability, reproducibility), sensitivity, and specificity, the parent-rated EESC for ADHD is useful in assessing emotional expression.

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Evaluation of the response of lisdexamfetamine in children and adolescents with ADHD: quasi-experimental study

Salud Mental ◽

10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2018.040 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 279-285

Author(s):

Eduardo Barragán Pérez ◽

◽

Juan Carlos García Beristain ◽

Ricardo Hidalgo Gutiérrez

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Latin American ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Stimulant Drugs ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Introduction. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. Although lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) offers a treatment alternative, clinical evidence of LDX for ADHD has not been explored in Latin American pediatric population. Objective. To evaluate the LDX response in Mexican pediatric patients with ADHD. Method. We designed a quasi-experimental, uncontrolled before and after study to evaluate the LDX response in patients with severe ADHD. We established a diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-5 criteria. We formed three groups: without previous treatment (group A), in treatment with stimulant drugs (group B) or in treatment with non-stimulant drugs (group C). Prior to the start of the study, letters of consent and informed consent were signed. We evaluated the effect of LDX based on the difference between ADHD-RS scores at the beginning and after six months. Results. We recruited a total of 144 patients (group A: 48 patients, group B: 57 patients, group C: 39 patients). All the groups showed a significant decrease in the mean score of ADHD-RS (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale) at six months (group A 37.57 vs. 22.34, p

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Assessment of the possible association between phthalate exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in egyptian children

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcaa049.006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

S R Mohamed ◽

N E A Mohammed ◽

E A M Elzohairy ◽

M H Abdelsalam

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Attention Deficit Disorder ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Phthalate Exposure ◽

Egyptian Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Phthalate Metabolite

Abstract Background Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood. Phthalates are industrial chemicals often used in personal care products and to soften plastics in toys and household items such as food containers, and medical devices. Animal studies have reported that the phthalate compound might cause hyperactivity and impulsivity in rats. However, the relation between phthalates and ADHD in human is still controversial. Objective The aim of our study is to investigate the possible association between urinary phthalate metabolite levels and attention deficit disorder, learning disability in 6–12-years old children. Methods Urine samples were obtained from 80 children. All children were selected from the attendants of Abu elreesh child psychiatry outpatient clinic, Cairo University. subjects were divided into two main groups Group A consisted of 50 children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed by psychiatric consultant and Group B consisted of 30 normal children. In urine, mono butyl phthalate (MBP) metabolite were measured with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The mean concentration of MBP level was (15.539±8.316) for cases (group A) and (8.085 ±2.426) for controls (group B) with significant difference between groups. Also there was significant correlation with processing milk, plastic containers, toys, cosmetics, wall, and floor material containing phthalate exposure and higher level of (MBP) in urine of group A. Conclusion The present study showed association between phthalate metabolites in urine and symptoms of ADHD among school-age children.

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QUALITY OF LIFE IN ATTENTION-DEFICIT/ HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

مجلة دراسات الطفولة ◽

10.21608/jsc.2019.80720 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 0-0

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Age Groups ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

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A Comparison between Barkley Behavioral Therapy, Minuchin Structural Family Therapy and Neuro-feedback on Anxiety among children suffering from Attention Deficit – Hyperactivity Disorder

SCIENTIFIC WORK ◽

10.36719/2663-4619/59/47-60 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (10) ◽

pp. 47-60

Author(s):

Baqer Mirza Hasanvand ◽

◽

Kiyan Gholam Javadi Tarziloo ◽

Mahbube Mostafa Khiri ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Family Therapy ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Attention Deficit Disorder ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Control Group ◽

Structural Family Therapy ◽

Structural Family ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

Background & objective: Due to the consequences of attention deficit - hyperactivity disorder, various therapy approach have been formed. This research aimed to investigate a comparative study between Barkley behavioral therapy, Minuchin structural family therapy and neuro-feedback on anxiety among children suffering from attention deficit – hyperactivity disorder. Methods: This study was a quasi - experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The study population consisted of all primary school student in Karaj in 2018. By using cluster sampling method, 400 students selected and screening conducted for hyperactivity and anxiety. The sample consisted of 40 (10 for each group) students and their mothers were selected by as an available and randomly recruits to each of groups. Instruments for gathering data were semi-structured diagnostic interview (K-SADS), short diagnostic scale for hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder (Caners, 1999) and multidimensional child anxiety scale (March et al., 1997). Then, the participants in the experimental groups (Three groups) participated in Barkley behavioral therapy (9 sessions of 90 min), Minuchin structural family therapy (8 sessions of 90 min) and neuro-feedback (25 sessions of 30 min), while the control group did not receive any intervention. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS.v21 software and statistical tests such as MANCOVA and ANCOVA. Data analysig was performed with SPSS.v16 and significant levels of all tests set on 0.05. Results: The results indicate that Barkley behavioral therapy, Minuchin structural family therapy and neuro-feedback have significant impact on anxiety among children suffering from attention deficit – hyperactivity disorder, generally (P < 0.01). Furthermore, post-hoc test revealed that the efficacy of therapies on anxiety of experiment groups is different (P < 0.01). Three months follow-up results represent resistance of therapies (P > 0.01). Conclusion: So, using of these therapies for reduction of anxiety among children suffering from attention deficit – hyperactivity disorder. Key words: Barkley behavioral therapy, Minuchin structural family therapy, neuro-feedback, anxiety, attention deficit – hyperactivity disorder

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Parietal Foci for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Targets for LORETA Neurofeedback with Outcomes

Biofeedback ◽

10.5298/1081-5937-42.2.01 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 47-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rex L. Cannon

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Current Source ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Quantitative Eeg ◽

Neurofeedback Training ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Psychometric Data ◽

The Individual

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) continues to present challenges to researchers and clinicians across disciplines. Many of the arguments and disagreements at hand may originate from the box, or polemic camps, we have created, rather than the disorder itself. With this in mind, this article presents a novel approach for neurofeedback training, neuropsychometric evaluation, and outcome reporting specific to ADHD. In short, for ADHD to be treated effectively and empirically, outcomes must show learning (acquisition) has taken place, the electroencephalogram (EEG) or EEG current source density has changed, and psychometric data correspondingly has improved. It is time for novel approaches to take form as the toll ADHD exacts on the individual across the lifespan continues to progress. The author proposes a protocol for assessment, using a LORETA-based quantitative EEG to identify a network of brain structures on the cortical surface and below, with abnormal activation and LORETA-guided neurofeedback training to normalize activity in this network.

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and physical multimorbidity: A population-based study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.07.010 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 227-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

A. Stickley ◽

A. Koyanagi ◽

H. Takahashi ◽

V. Ruchkin ◽

Y. Inoue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Age Groups ◽

Self Report ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Physical Diseases

AbstractBackground:There has been little research on the association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with co-occurring physical diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the association between possible ADHD and physical multimorbidity (i.e. = 2 physical diseases) among adults in the English general population.Methods:Data were analyzed from 7274 individuals aged = 18 years that came from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007. ADHD symptoms were assessed with the Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener. Information was also obtained on 20 self-reported doctor/other health professional diagnosed physical health conditions present in the past 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression and mediation analyses were conducted to assess the associations.Results:There was a monotonic relation between the number of physical diseases and possible ADHD (ASRS score = 14). Compared to those with no diseases, individuals with = 5 diseases had over 3 times higher odds for possible ADHD (odds ratio [OR]: 3.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.48–4.37). This association was observed in all age groups. Stressful life events (% mediated 10.3–24.3%), disordered eating (6.8%), depression (12.8%), and anxiety (24.8%) were significant mediators in the association between possible ADHD and physical multimorbidity.Conclusion:Adults that screen positive for ADHD are at an increased risk for multimorbidity and several factors are important in this association. As many adults with ADHD remain undiagnosed, the results of this study highlight the importance of detecting adult ADHD as it may confer an increased risk for poorer health outcomes, including physical multimorbidity.

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Subcortical brain volume, regional cortical thickness and cortical surface area across attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

10.1101/673012 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Premika S.W. Boedhoe ◽

Daan van Rooij ◽

Martine Hoogman ◽

Jos W.R. Twisk ◽

Lianne Schmaal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Surface Area ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Age Groups ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

ABSTRACTObjectiveAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. We aimed to directly compare all three disorders. The ENIGMA consortium is ideally positioned to investigate structural brain alterations across these disorders.MethodsStructural T1-weighted whole-brain MRI of controls (n=5,827) and patients with ADHD (n=2,271), ASD (n=1,777), and OCD (n=2,323) from 151 cohorts worldwide were analyzed using standardized processing protocols. We examined subcortical volume, cortical thickness and surface area differences within a mega-analytical framework, pooling measures extracted from each cohort. Analyses were performed separately for children, adolescents, and adults using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age, sex and site (and ICV for subcortical and surface area measures).ResultsWe found no shared alterations among all three disorders, while shared alterations between any two disorders did not survive multiple comparisons correction. Children with ADHD compared to those with OCD had smaller hippocampal volumes, possibly influenced by IQ. Children and adolescents with ADHD also had smaller ICV than controls and those with OCD or ASD. Adults with ASD showed thicker frontal cortices compared to adult controls and other clinical groups. No OCD-specific alterations across different age-groups and surface area alterations among all disorders in childhood and adulthood were observed.ConclusionOur findings suggest robust but subtle alterations across different age-groups among ADHD, ASD, and OCD. ADHD-specific ICV and hippocampal alterations in children and adolescents, and ASD-specific cortical thickness alterations in the frontal cortex in adults support previous work emphasizing neurodevelopmental alterations in these disorders.

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Age-related pharmacotherapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Slovenia in children and adolescents: A population-based study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 129-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Stuhec ◽

I. Locatelli

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Group ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Age Related ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Health Claims Data

AbstractBackgroundThere are no data on age-related pharmacotherapy for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) medication in children and adolescents in the most European countries. The main aim of this paper was to obtain that data for children and adolescents in Slovenia.MethodThe number of ADHD drug prescriptions per patient was obtained from the health claims data on prescription drugs of the Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia for the study period (2003–2015). Three age groups were analyzed: 2–5 years, 6–12 years, and 13–17 years. Only immediate-release methylphenidate (IR-MPH), methylphenidate-osmotic release oral delivery system (OROS-MPH), and atomoxetine (ATX) were available and included in this study.ResultsLess than 50% of patients in Slovenia were treated with medication. The number of patients treated with MPH in the 6–12 age group remained approximately the same between 2007 and 2015 (604–729 patients). In the 13–17 age group, however that number increased 2-fold between 2003 and 2015, from 288 to 555. The number of patients treated with ATX in the 6–12 age group age group increased from 20 to 163 between 2007 and 2015. The number was similar in the 13–17 age group, increasing from 10 to 165 in the same period. In 2015, 21% of the patients from all age groups in this study were treated with ATX.ConclusionsThe number of patients treated for ADHD increased rapidly in all age groups. Patients under the age of six are prescribed medication in Slovenia, which should be avoided.

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Differences in Disrupted Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity Among Children, Adolescents, and Adults With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Resting-State fMRI Study

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2021.697696 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Elijah Agoalikum ◽

Benjamin Klugah-Brown ◽

Hang Yang ◽

Pan Wang ◽

Shruti Varshney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Resting State ◽

Age Groups ◽

Network Connectivity ◽

Functional Network ◽

Age Difference ◽

Functional Network Connectivity ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most widespread mental disorders and often persists from childhood to adulthood, and its symptoms vary with age. In this study, we aim to determine the disrupted dynamic functional network connectivity differences in adult, adolescent, and child ADHD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data consisting of 35 children (8.64 ± 0.81 years), 40 adolescents (14.11 ± 1.83 years), and 39 adults (31.59 ± 10.13 years). We hypothesized that functional connectivity is time-varying and that there are within- and between-network connectivity differences among the three age groups. Nine functional networks were identified using group ICA, and three FC-states were recognized based on their dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) pattern. Fraction of time, mean dwell time, transition probability, degree-in, and degree-out were calculated to measure the state dynamics. Higher-order networks including the DMN, SN, and FPN, and lower-order networks comprising the SMN, VN, SC, and AUD were frequently distributed across all states and were found to show connectivity differences among the three age groups. Our findings imply abnormal dynamic interactions and dysconnectivity associated with different ADHD, and these abnormalities differ between the three ADHD age groups. Given the dFNC differences between the three groups in the current study, our work further provides new insights into the mechanism subserved by age difference in the pathophysiology of ADHD and may set the grounds for future case-control studies in the individual age groups, as well as serving as a guide in the development of treatment strategies to target these specific networks in each age group.

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