Sensitivity to change and clinical correlations of the novel DACtylitis glObal Sonographic (DACTOS) score in psoriatic arthritis

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolò Girolimetto ◽  
Alen Zabotti ◽  
Ilaria Tinazzi ◽  
Niccolò Possemato ◽  
Luisa Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sensitivity To Change ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Analogue Scales

Abstract Objective The aim of the study is to assess the performance of the DACTOS (DACtylitis glObal Sonographic) score in a psoriatic arthritis (PsA) dactylitis clinical setting. In particular, we evaluated the ability of DACTOS to identify the affected fingers, its sensitivity to change after treatment, the correlations between DACTOS and clinical parameters, and the capacity of the score to identify the treatment responders. Methods Forty-six consecutive patients with symptomatic PsA hand dactylitis were enrolled. A total of seventy-three dactylitic digits were evaluated clinically and sonographically before and after treatment in this observational and prospective study. Clinical assessment included the Leeds Dactylitis Index-basic (LDI-b) score and visual analogue scales for pain (VAS-p) and functional impairment (VAS-FI). Sonographic lesions were investigated using high-frequency ultrasound with grey scale and power Doppler features according to the DACTOS score. Correlations between the DACTOS score and the clinical parameters were assessed at baseline, one month (T1) and three months (T3). Results We observed significant improvements in all of the assessed clinical parameters and the DACTOS scores after dactylitis treatment. There was a statistically significant correlation between the variation of all clinical parameters (VAS-p, VAS-FI, and LDI-b) and the DACTOS score at T1 and T3 evaluations. We found statistically significant differences in the DACTOS score between clinical responder and non-responder groups (p< 0.001) and between clinical remission and non-remission groups (p< 0.001). Conclusion The DACTOS score performs well in real life, clinical settings in terms of sensitivity to change and correlations with clinical features in PsA dactylitis.

scholarly journals Arthritis of the Knee Joint in Rheumatoid Arthritis - Evaluation of Treatment Response by Ultrasound in Daily Clinical Practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
VS Schäfer ◽  
WA Schmidt ◽  
M Backhaus ◽  
W Hartung
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Sensitivity To Change ◽  
Power Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Knee Arthritis ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Sum Score

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) commonly involves the knee joint in up to 30% of patients. Musculoskeletal ultrasound enables the skilled clinician to easily assess disease activity. Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity to change of the sonography score of large joints in Rheumatology (SOLAR) for different treatments of knee arthritis in RA. Method: Joints were assessed by ultrasound at 4 visits. Laboratory, immunological and clinical parameters were recorded. Results: 225 RA patients were analyzed. The DAS 28 in the subgroup receiving systemic steroids was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in patients treated with intraarticular glucocorticosteroids (GCs) at T0, comparing the values from T0 to T3 the same appeared (p=0.003). Concerning the acute GC treatment regimens, the gray scale ultrasound (GSUS) sum score was found to be significantly higher in patients receiving intraarticular GCs versus no GCs (p=0,035), as well as in patients receiving systemic versus intraarticular GCs (p=0.001). Regarding the differences from T0 and T3, similar to the baseline analysis, a high GSUS sum score was significantly associated with intraarticular GCs, a low to no GC administration (p=0.035), while a high GSUS sum score was significantly linked to intraarticular GCs, rather than systemic GCs (p=0.008). Conclusion: SOLAR score is sensitive to change in knee arthritis. Intraarticular GC administration is performed in patients with high GSUS scores. Systemic administration of GC is linked to high disease activity (DAS28) rather than GSUS or power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) results.

scholarly journals AB0495 BIOMECHANICAL STRESS IN THE CONTEXT OF COMPETITIVE SPORTS TRAINING TRIGGERS ENTHESITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1275.1-1275
Author(s):  
D. Simon ◽  
A. Kleyer ◽  
S. Bayat ◽  
J. Knitza ◽  
L. Valor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Biomechanical Stress ◽  
Score Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Background:Preclinical models have indicated that biomechanical stress can trigger entheseal inflammation (1). Furthermore, enthesitis is a hallmark of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA), suggesting that mechanoinflammation is an important step in their pathogenesis (2). However, the relation between mechanical stress and enthesitis in humans is poorly investigated. Competitive badminton is a demanding stop-and-go sport that strains entheseal sites in particular and provides an opportunity to assess the impact of physical activity on the development of an instant inflammatory response in the entheses.Objectives:To evaluate the influence of mechanical stress on the development of immediate enthesitis.Methods:BEAT (Badminton Enthesitis Arthrosonography Study) is an interventional study that assessed entheses in competitive badminton players before and immediately after a 60-minute intensive training session by ultrasound. Power Doppler (PD) signal and Gray-Scale (GS) changes were evaluated at the insertions sites of both Achilles tendon, patellar tendons and lateral humeral epicondyles and quantified using a validated scoring system (3). Pre- and post-training scores were compared using linear mixed-effects models. We used interaction terms to assess possible differential effects on patellar, elbow and Achilles entheses.Results:Thirty-two badminton players (22 men, 10 women) with an average age of 31.1±13.0 years were included (Table 1). On average, they had been playing badminton for 16.2±10.1 years. 192 entheseal sites were examined twice. The respective empirical total scores for PD examination were 0.1 (0.3) before and 0.5 (0.9) after training (Figure 1). Mean total GS scores were 2.9 (2.5) and 3.1 (2.5) before and after training, respectively. The mean total PD score difference of 0.4 between pre- and post -training was significant with a p value of 0.0014, whereas the p value for the mean total GS score difference of 0.2 was 0.63. Overall, seven participants (22%) showed an increased empirical total PD score. A mixed-effects model showed a significant increase of PD scores after training, with a mean increase per site of 0.06 (95%CI 0.01 to 0.12, p=0.017).Table 1.Baseline characteristicsDemographic characteristicsN, total32Females, N (%)10 (31.3)Age, years (mean ± SD)36.1 ± 13.0Height, cm (mean value ± SD)178.6 ± 9.9Body weight, kg (mean value ± SD)74.7 ± 13.5Smoking, N (%)11 (34.4)Alcohol, N (%)24 (75.0)Concomitant DiseasesInflammatory bowel disease, N (%)0Psoriasis, N (%) 0Uveitis, N (%)0Diabetes mellitus, N (%)0Hypertension, N (%)2 (6.3)Sports historyYears Badminton (mean ± SD)16.2 ± 10.1Figure 1.Ultrasound scores before and after training Figure 1. A Spaghetti plots depicting inividual Gray-Scale and Power Doppler ultrasound scores before and after trainingConclusion:Mechanical stress leads to rapid inflammatory responses in the entheseal structures of humans. These data support the concept of mechanoinflammation in diseases associated with enthesitis. However, while such responses may be self-contained in healthy subjects, they may be prolonged and more pronounced in certain risk groups, such as patients with PsA or SpA.References:[1]Cambré I, et al. Mechanical strain determines the site-specific localization of inflammation and tissue damage in arthritis. Nature Communications. 2018; 9:4613.[2]Schett G, et al. Enthesitis: from pathophysiology to treatment. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017; 13:731-741.[3]Balint PV, et al. Reliability of a consensus-based ultrasound definition and scoring for enthesitis in spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: an OMERACT US initiative. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2018; 77:1730.Disclosure of Interests:David Simon: None declared., Arnd Kleyer: None declared., Sara Bayat: None declared., Johannes Knitza: None declared., Larissa Valor: None declared., Marina Schweiger: None declared., Georg Schett: None declared., Koray Tascilar: None declared., Axel Hueber Grant/research support from: Novartis Research Grant.

scholarly journals SAT0566 ULTRASOUND DOPPLER MASEI SHOWS SENSITIVITY TO CHANGE AFTER BIOLOGICAL THERAPY IN SPONDYLOARTHRITIS AND PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1241.2-1241
Author(s):  
J. Molina Collada ◽  
C. Macía-Villa ◽  
C. Plasencia ◽  
J. M. Alvaro-Gracia ◽  
E. De Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Sensitivity To Change ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Student Test ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background:The assessment of activity in spondyloarthritis (SpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) involves several domains, including enthesitis. Clinical enthesitis has shown low sensitivity, specificity and reliability. The MAdrid Sonographic Enthesitis Index (MASEI) is a feasible and reliable ultrasound score, but its responsiveness to treatment has not yet been evaluated.Objectives:The main objective of this study was to investigate the sensitivity to change of MASEI in active SpA and PsA patients.Methods:Longitudinal study in patients with SpA and PsA with active disease (defined as patients who were going to start or switch biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD) therapy according to physician criteria and in agreement with clinical guidelines). MASEI evaluation was performed at baseline, 3- and 6-months visits. MASEI and Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) enthesitis Power Doppler (PD) definitions were checked. Each enthesis was scanned in both the longitudinal and transverse planes, and 5 second videos were recorded for reliability. An inter-reader analysis by three readers was performed. For statistical analysis t-Student test was used to determine changes between visits and kappa test was used for reliability.Results:A total of 72 US evaluations of 25 patients were included, of whom 13(52%) were ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients, 9(36%) PsA, and 3(12%) non radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA). Mean age was 51.2±14.1 years and 13(52%) were females. Mean DAS28 (3.5±1.2) for peripheral involvement, mean BASDAI (5.8±2) for axial involvement, and CRP values (13.1±13.6) reflect moderate-high disease activity at baseline. US parameters at baseline and at the 3- and 6-month follow-up visits are shown in Table 1. Global MASEI score was responsive at the 3- and 6-month follow-up visit (-4.9 and -5.7, respectively) (p<0.05) and both MASEI and OMERACT PDUS definitions of active enthesitis improved significantly at 3- (-0.6 and -1.1) and 6-month follow-up visits (-0.7 and -1.1) (p<0.05). Reliability of PD MASEI definition among the three readers was excellent (kappa = 0.918).Table 1.MASEI evaluation at baseline, 3- and 6-month follow-up visitsParameterBaselinen=253 monthsn=25Pa6 monthsn=22PaMASEI score28±9.323.2±7.60.00224.7±8.10.01PD US MASEI score1.8 ±1.31.1±1.10.0461±0.90.004PD US OMERACT score1.6±1.20.9±0.90.0240.8±0.90.006at-Student test for comparison to baselineConclusion:MASEI score significantly improves at 3 and 6 months of follow up in patients under bDMARD treatment and both MASEI and OMERACT Doppler definitions of active enthesitis reflects treatment response. These findings support the usefulness of PD US in the assessment of bDMARD treatment response in SpA and PsA.Disclosure of Interests:Juan Molina Collada: None declared, Cristina Macía-Villa: None declared, Chamaida Plasencia: None declared, Jose-Maria Alvaro-Gracia Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Elli-Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Consultant of: Abbvie, BMS, Janssen-Cilag, Elli-Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Tigenix, Roche, UCB, Paid instructor for: Elli-Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, BMS, Janssen-Cilag, Elli-Lilly, Gedeon Richter, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Tigenix, Roche, UCB, Eugenio de Miguel Grant/research support from: Yes (Abbvie, Novartis, Pfizer), Consultant of: Yes (Abbvie, Novartis, Pfizer), Paid instructor for: yes (AbbVie, Novartis, Pfizer, MSD, BMS, UCB, Roche, Grunental, Janssen, Sanofi), Speakers bureau: yes (AbbVie, Novartis, Pfizer, MSD, BMS, UCB, Roche, Grunental, Janssen, Sanofi)

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Monitoring Clinical Response to Treatment in Acute Symptomatic Psoriatic Dactylitis: Results from a Multicentre Prospective Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3127
Author(s):  
Nicolò Girolimetto ◽  
Pierluigi Macchioni ◽  
Niccolò Possemato ◽  
Ilaria Tinazzi ◽  
Vittoria Bascherini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Response ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Extensor Tendon ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
Analogue Scales

This observational and prospective study evaluated the clinical correlations of sonographic lesions in consecutive psoriatic arthritis (PsA) dactylitis cases. Eighty-three dactylitic digits were evaluated clinically and sonographically before treatment and at one-month (T1) and three-month (T3) follow-up. Clinical evaluation included the Leeds Dactylitis Index-basic (LDI-b) score and the visual analogue scales for pain (VAS-p) and functional impairment (VAS-FI). High-frequency ultrasound with grey scale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) assessed flexor tenosynovitis (FT), soft tissue oedema (STO), extensor tendon paratenonitis, and joint synovitis. There was a statistically significant correlation between the clinical parameters (VAS-p, VAS-FI, and LDI-b) and FT and STO at T1 and T3. We found statistically significant improvement in FT and STO for the cases with clinically meaningful treatment responses (p < 0.001). After a multiple conditional logistic regression analysis, the only variables that correlated with a T1 clinical response were the resolutions of PD FT (OR 15.66) and PD STO (OR 6.23), while the resolution of PD FT (OR 27.77) and of GS STO (OR 7.29) correlated with a T3 clinical response. The clinical improvements of active dactylitis are linked to the regression of sonographic evidence of extracapsular inflammation (particularly FT and STO).

Weekly Exercise Consistently Reinstates Positive Mood

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Steinberg ◽  
Briony R. Nicholls ◽  
Elizabeth A. Sykes ◽  
N. LeBoutillier ◽  
Nerina Ramlakhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Class ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Over Time

Mood improvement immediately after a single bout of exercise is well documented, but less is known about successive and longer term effects. In a “real-life” field investigation, four kinds of exercise class (Beginners, Advanced, Body Funk and Callanetics) met once a week for up to 7 weeks. Before and after each class the members assessed how they felt by completing a questionnaire listing equal numbers of “positive” and “negative” mood words. Subjects who had attended at least five times were included in the analysis, which led to groups consisting of 18, 20, 16, and 16 subjects, respectively. All four kinds of exercise significantly increased positive and decreased negative feelings, and this result was surprisingly consistent in successive weeks. However, exercise seemed to have a much greater effect on positive than on negative moods. The favorable moods induced by each class seemed to have worn off by the following week, to be reinstated by the class itself. In the Callanetics class, positive mood also improved significantly over time. The Callanetics class involved “slower,” more demanding exercises, not always done to music. The Callanetics and Advanced classes also showed significantly greater preexercise negative moods in the first three sessions. However, these differences disappeared following exercise. Possibly, these two groups had become more “tolerant” to the mood-enhancing effects of physical exercise; this may be in part have been due to “exercise addiction.”

More Alike Than Unalike: Cross-language Similarity Influences Novel Word Lexicalization in Bilingual Individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Palma ◽  
Marie-France Marin ◽  
k onishi ◽  
Debra Titone
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Explicit Recognition ◽  
Novel Word Learning ◽  
Cross Language

Although several studies have focused on novel word learning and consolidation in native (presumably monolingual) speakers, less is know about how bilinguals add novel words to their mental lexicon. Here, we trained 33 English-French bilinguals on novel word-forms that were neighbors to “hermit” English words (i.e., words with no existing neighbors). Importantly, these English words varied in terms of orthographic overlap with their French translation equivalent (i.e., cognates vs. noncognates). We measured explicit recognition of the novel neighbors and the interaction between novel neighbors and English words through a lexical decision task, both before and after a sleep interval. In the lexical decision task, we found evidence of immediate facilitation for English words with novel neighbors, and evidence of competition after a sleep interval for cognate words only. These results suggest that higher quality of existing lexical representations predicts an earlier onset for novel word lexicalization.

Artifact removal from neurophysiological signals: impact on intracranial and arterial pressure monitoring in traumatic brain injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 1952-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Bo Lee ◽  
Hakseung Kim ◽  
Young-Tak Kim ◽  
Frederick A. Zeiler ◽  
Peter Smielewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Artifact Removal ◽  
Clinical Events ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After

OBJECTIVEMonitoring intracranial and arterial blood pressure (ICP and ABP, respectively) provides crucial information regarding the neurological status of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, these signals are often heavily affected by artifacts, which may significantly reduce the reliability of the clinical determinations derived from the signals. The goal of this work was to eliminate signal artifacts from continuous ICP and ABP monitoring via deep learning techniques and to assess the changes in the prognostic capacities of clinical parameters after artifact elimination.METHODSThe first 24 hours of monitoring ICP and ABP in a total of 309 patients with TBI was retrospectively analyzed. An artifact elimination model for ICP and ABP was constructed via a stacked convolutional autoencoder (SCAE) and convolutional neural network (CNN) with 10-fold cross-validation tests. The prevalence and prognostic capacity of ICP- and ABP-related clinical events were compared before and after artifact elimination.RESULTSThe proposed SCAE-CNN model exhibited reliable accuracy in eliminating ABP and ICP artifacts (net prediction rates of 97% and 94%, respectively). The prevalence of ICP- and ABP-related clinical events (i.e., systemic hypotension, intracranial hypertension, cerebral hypoperfusion, and poor cerebrovascular reactivity) all decreased significantly after artifact removal.CONCLUSIONSThe SCAE-CNN model can be reliably used to eliminate artifacts, which significantly improves the reliability and efficacy of ICP- and ABP-derived clinical parameters for prognostic determinations after TBI.

A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE NOVEL «ASSEMBLY HALL» BY HERMANN KANT IN THE REUNIFIED GERMANY (AFTER 1991)

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Rimma Gurevich
Keyword(s):  
Critical Assessment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Aesthetic Appreciation ◽  
Party Position ◽  
Creative Personality ◽  
Before And After

H. Kant’s novel received a high literary and aesthetic appreciation in criticism and wide recognition by readers. Criticism (before and after the unification of Germany) concerns mainly one aspect viz. authenticity of the events depicted in the novel and the charcters’ images. Opponents argue that Kant’s ideological views, his consistent socialist and party position have prompt him to embellish reality, create simulacra, and the idyllic world of socialist Biedermeyer. The article shows that these assessments ignore the nature of his talent, especially his creative personality peculiarities such as journalistic orientation of the motivated «political» person and writer.

A pilot study on the effect of ulipristal acetate on myoma angiogenesis, measured by 2D ultrasound and VEGF serum levels

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Patricia Diaz Ortega ◽  
Manuel García Manero
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Ulipristal Acetate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Angiogenesis Process ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
Average Size

Introduction: Symptomatic uterine fibroids can cause symptoms that can be disabling. There are many treatments, including ulipristal acetate, whose role in reducing symptoms and decreasing the size of the fibroid is well known. With this preliminary study, we also try to evaluate the correlation between myoma vascularization measured by ultrasound (Power Doppler 2D) and serum VEGF levels, before and after treatment with ulipristal acetate; in patients diagnosed with symptomatic uterine fibroids. Materials and Methods: A preliminary, prospective observational pilot study was designed. Twenty-four premenopausal women, diagnosed with symptomatic uterine fibroids, were included and all of them completed the study. Four cycles of ulipristal acetate were administered according to the dose and indications specified in the data sheet. In order to assess the influence of this treatment on the angiogenesis process of the fibroids, measurements of VEGF serum levels were made and their vascularization was assessed by means of 2D power doppler ultrasound; at the beginning and the end of treatment. In addition, several determinations of the same parameters were made throughout the successive visits. Endpoints were defined as the decrease in VEGF levels from previous levels, the decrease in myoma vascularization on ultrasound, and the reduction in myoma size. Result: 24 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled (n=24). The average size of myomas was reduced from 45,08 ? 24,02mm to 29?16,96mm after treatment. The average VEGF serum level significantly decreased after the first treatment cycle (from 147,17 ? 153,51 pg/ml to 102,04 ? 186,08pg/ml). Vascularization of myomas after treatment with ulipristal acetate was analyzed, and a significantly decrease was achieved in 83,3% of cases. Conclusion: There is a correlation between myoma vascularization and treatment with Ulipristal acetate. SPRMs may provide effective treatment for women with symptomatic fibroids by two ways: supports selective progesterone receptor modulators and reduced angiogenesis. Keywords: Angiogenesis; Ulipristal Acetate; Uterine fibroids; VEGF

The Antiviral and Antimalarial Drug Repurposing in Quest of Chemotherapeutics to Combat COVID-19 Utilizing Structure-Based Molecular Docking

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisir Nandi ◽  
Mohit Kumar ◽  
Mridula Saxena ◽  
Anil Kumar Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
The Novel ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
In Silico Molecular Docking

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by a new strain (SARS-CoV-2) erupted in 2019. Nowadays, it is a great threat that claims uncountable lives worldwide. There is no specific chemotherapeutics developed yet to combat COVID-19. Therefore, scientists have been devoted in the quest of the medicine that can cure COVID- 19. Objective: Existing antivirals such as ASC09/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir with or without umifenovir in combination with antimalarial chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine have been repurposed to fight the current coronavirus epidemic. But exact biochemical mechanisms of these drugs towards COVID-19 have not been discovered to date. Method: In-silico molecular docking can predict the mode of binding to sort out the existing chemotherapeutics having a potential affinity towards inhibition of the COVID-19 target. An attempt has been made in the present work to carry out docking analyses of 34 drugs including antivirals and antimalarials to explain explicitly the mode of interactions of these ligands towards the COVID-19protease target. Results: 13 compounds having good binding affinity have been predicted towards protease binding inhibition of COVID-19. Conclusion: Our in silico docking results have been confirmed by current reports from clinical settings through the citation of suitable experimental in vitro data available in the published literature.

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