scholarly journals Credit Market Competition and Liquidity Crises*

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Carletti ◽  
Agnese Leonello
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
Liquidity Risk ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interbank Market ◽  
Positive Probability ◽  
Liquidity Shocks ◽  
Liquidity Crises ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract We develop a model where banks invest in reserves and loans, and trade loans on the interbank market to deal with liquidity shocks. Two types of equilibria emerge, depending on the degree of credit market competition and the level of aggregate liquidity risk. In one equilibrium, all banks keep enough reserves and remain solvent. In the other, some banks default with positive probability. The latter equilibrium exists when competition is weak and large liquidity shocks are unlikely. The model delivers several implications concerning the relationship between competition, aggregate credit, and welfare.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH FRAUD TRIANGLE DALAM MENDETEKSI KECURANGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Mardianto Mardianto ◽  
Carissa Tiono
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Liquidity Risk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Fraud Triangle ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

<p><em>This study analyzed the effect of the elements from fraud triangle, which included pressure (LEV, ROA, ACHANGE), opportunity (BDOUT), and rationalization (AUDCHANGE) in detecting fraudulent financial statement. Control variables that will be included in this study are firm’s age, firm’s size, liquidity risk, and managerial ownership. The sample that will be used in this study is non-financial companies that are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the periode of 2011-2016. From the result, this study showed that change of assets (ACHANGE) and change of auditors (AUDCHANGE) has a significant positive relationship with the fraudulent financial statement, while the other variables such as leverage (LEV), return on asset (ROA) and ineffective monitoring (BDOUT) has no significant in the relationship with the fraudulent financial statement.</em></p><p>Penelitian ini meneliti pengaruh dari elemen <em>fraud triangle</em>, yaitu tekanan (LEV, ROA, ACHANGE), kesempatan (BDOUT), dan rasionalisasi (AUDCHANGE) dalam mendeteksi kecurangan laporan keuangan. Variabel kontrol yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah umur perusahaan, ukuran perusahaan, <em>liquidity risk, </em>dan kepemilikan manajerial. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode 2011-2016. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut ditemukan variabel perubahan aset (ACHANGE) dan pergantian auditor (AUDCHANGE) memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan, sedangkan variabel lainnya yaitu <em>leverage </em>(LEV), <em>return on asset </em>(ROA) dan <em>ineffective monitoring </em>(BDOUT) memiliki pengaruh yang tidak signifikan terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan</p>

scholarly journals The regulatory treatment of liquidity risk in South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Liquidity Risk ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Regulatory Capital ◽  
Risk Regulation ◽  
Basel Accord ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Liquidity Crises ◽  
Bank Solvency

The Basel accord describes the regulatory capital requirements for credit, market and operational risk. The accord aims to provide guidelines to level the playing field for all internationally active banks and to protect consumers against these risks. Despite the growing significance to bank solvency of liquidity risk, it is omitted from the new accord2. Banks are not required to measure and manage this risk yet they are often considerably exposed to the threat of severely diminished liquidity. This omission from the accord could have dire consequences for banks and the economy in which they operate: liquidity crises can occur without warning and spread quickly to other parts of the financial system. This article critically explores current practices in South Africa and proposes guidelines for effective liquidity risk regulation.

scholarly journals Liquidity Risk Sensitivity of Czech Commercial Banks

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-436
Author(s):  
Pavla Vodová
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Liquidity Risk ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Risk Sensitivity ◽  
Interbank Market ◽  
Liquidity Shocks ◽  
The Impact

The recent financial crisis has shown that a liquidity risk plays an important role in the current developed financial system. One of the efficient tools of liquidity risk management is stress testing which can show banks their potential vulnerability to liquidity shocks. The aim of this paper is therefore to measure the liquidity risk sensitivity of Czech commercial banks and to find out the most severe scenario and the most vulnerable bank. Our sample included significant part of the Czech banking sector; we used unconsolidated balance sheet data over the period from 2000 to 2011 which were obtained from annual reports of Czech banks. We have evaluated liquidity risk of each bank in the sample via six different liquidity ratios. Then we stressed these baseline values in three stress scenarios: run on a bank (simulated by a 20% withdrawal of deposits), confidence crisis on the interbank market (simulated by a withdrawal of 20% of interbank deposits) and use of committed loans by counterparties (simulated by a 5% increase of loans provided to nonbank clients). We measured the impact of all scenarios by relative change of liquidity ratios. The impact of modelled liquidity shocks differs among scenarios. The most serious liquidity problems would be caused by the first scenario – run on a bank. The negative influence of third scenario (use of committed loans) is less severe. The confidence crisis on the interbank market would not affect bank liquidity at all. The results also show that the severity of the impact of all scenarios worsens in periods of financial distress. We have also found that large and medium sized banks are most vulnerable to liquidity shocks, mainly to massive deposit withdrawals.

The Relationship Between Suicidal Thinking and Dating Violence in a Sample of Adolescent Abortion Patients

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen E. Ely ◽  
William R. Nugent ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Mholi Vimbba
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Adolescent Dating Violence ◽  
Adolescent Relationships ◽  
Suicidal Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between suicidal thinking and adolescent dating violence has not been previously explored in a sample of adolescent abortion patients. Aims: This paper highlights a study where the relationship between dating violence and severity of suicidal thinking was examined in a sample of 120 young women ages 14–21 seeking to terminate an unintended pregnancy. Methods: The Multidimensional Adolescent Assessment Scale and the Conflict in Adolescent Relationships Scale was used to gather information about psychosocial problems and dating violence so that the relationship between the two problems could be examined, while controlling for the other psychosocial problems. Results: The results suggest that dating violence was related to severity of suicidal thinking, and that the magnitude of this relationship was moderated by the severity of problems with aggression. Conclusions: Specifically, as the severity of participant’s general problems with aggression increased, the magnitude of the relationship between dating violence and severity of suicidal thinking increased. Limitations of the study and implications for practice are discussed.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goya Wannamethee ◽  
A Gerald Shaper
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

Structuralism as a Pamphlet (On the Book by E. Reinert “How Rich CountriesGot Rich... And Why Poor Countries Stay Poor”. 2nd ed.)

2014 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
P. Orekhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Increasing Returns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Static Theory ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship

The review outlines the connection between E. Reinert’s book and the tradition of structural analysis. The latter allows for the heterogeneity of industries and sectors of the economy, as well as for the effects of increasing and decreasing returns. Unlike the static theory of international trade inherited from the Ricardian analysis of comparative advantage, this approach helps identify the relationship between trade, production, income and population growth. Reinert rehabilitates the “other canon” of economic theory associated with the mercantilist tradition, F. Liszt and the German historical school, as well as a reconside ration of A. Marshall’s analysis of increasing returns. Empirical illustrations given in the book reveal clear parallels with the path of Russian socio-economic development in the last twenty years.

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