scholarly journals Getting better without memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 815-825
Author(s):  
Julia G Halilova ◽  
Donna Rose Addis ◽  
R Shayna Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
End Of History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Selves

Abstract Does the tendency to adjust appraisals of ourselves in the past and future in order to maintain a favourable view of ourselves in the present require episodic memory? A developmental amnesic person with impaired episodic memory (HC) was compared with two groups of age-matched controls on tasks assessing the Big Five personality traits and social competence in relation to the past, present and future. Consistent with previous research, controls believed that their personality had changed more in the past 5 years than it will change in the next 5 years (i.e. the end-of-history illusion), and rated their present and future selves as more socially competent than their past selves (i.e. social improvement illusion), although this was moderated by self-esteem. Despite her lifelong episodic memory impairment, HC also showed these biases of temporal self-appraisal. Together, these findings do not support the theory that the temporal extension of the self-concept requires the ability to recollect richly detailed memories of the self in the past and future.

Out With the Old, In With the New? How Changes in Close Relationships Change the Self

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Gore ◽  
Damon Tichenor
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Personality Measure ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Concept Change

AbstractTwo studies investigated how the development and maintenance of old and new relationships predict spontaneous and reactive self-concept change. For Study 1 (n = 143), freshmen in their first 8 weeks of college completed a Twenty Statements Test (TST), and indicated how close they felt in their established and new relationships. Eight weeks later, they indicated which aspects on the TST had changed. The results showed that closeness to old relationships at Time 1 predicted fewer deletions to their Time 2 TST, whereas closeness to new relationships at Time 1 predicted more additions to their Time 2 TST. For Study 2 (n = 195), participants completed a Big Five personality measure and closeness measure at two time points. The results showed that decreased closeness in old relationships at Time 2 predicted overall change to personality profiles. Implications for the link between relationships and self-concept change are discussed.

scholarly journals The Self-Concept and Identity Measure in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Annabel Bogaerts ◽  
Laurence Claes ◽  
Tinne Buelens ◽  
Amarendra Gandhi ◽  
Glenn Kiekens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Longitudinal Measurement ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Identity Synthesis

Abstract. Identity difficulties have been associated with various psychiatric conditions and are considered a central issue in personality pathology. Following the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders, measures of self- and interpersonal functioning have been developed. Although these measures were intended to be separate ratings of self-other deficits, only a global rating was obtained. Moreover, these measures fall short in bridging the gap between developmental and clinical identity work. To capture both adaptive and disturbed identity dimensions, Kaufman et al. (2015) developed the Self-Concept and Identity Measure (SCIM) that assesses consolidated identity, disturbed identity, and lack of identity. Using two-wave longitudinal data (2,150 adolescents; 54.2% girls; age range = 12–19), this study investigated the factor structure and reliability of the Dutch SCIM, its measurement invariance across time, its longitudinal measurement invariance across gender and age groups, and associations of the SCIM with identity synthesis and confusion, Big-Five personality traits, and borderline personality disorder features. Consolidated identity scores were positively related to identity synthesis and adaptive Big-Five traits, whereas negatively related to identity confusion, neuroticism, and borderline features. Opposite associations were obtained for disturbed identity and lack of identity scores. The Dutch SCIM appeared to produce valid and reliable scores and seemed suited to assess longitudinal identity functioning in Belgian adolescents.

Self-efficacy of School Principals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Specific Evaluation

The term school principals’ self-efficacy has changed over the past three decades because principals’ roles and duties have changed. Given that professional self-efficacy deals with competence in the profession, if the nature of the profession changes, the level of one’s professional self-efficacy will change as well. There have been found connections between self-efficacy and choosing a career and that efficacy is a robust contributor to career development. People seek a match between their interests and occupational environments. Thus, self-efficacy is believed to be a situational rather than a stable trait. Therefore, understanding that the term principals’ self-efficacy includes certain level of confidence in one’s knowledge, skills, and abilities, which are associated with the task of leading. This has a great importance with respect to the overall managing of schools. Self-efficacy should not be confused with self-esteem or self-concept since it is a task-specific evaluation. In contrast, self-esteem and self-concept reflect more general affective evaluations of the self. Research on principals’ self-efficacy usually includes measures of multidimensional self-efficacy, which enables to capture the various elements of the principals’ work. Few studies have been conducted on the measurement of school principals’ self-efficacy, and most of these are based on the quantitative methodology, emphasizing instruments and scales that describe situations and areas of the principal’s work. Understanding principals’ self-efficacy could assist policymakers with decisions concerning continuing professional development.

Features of self-awareness of adolescents with socialized behavior disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Anna Afonina ◽  
Aleksandr Kazyulin ◽  
Boris Volodin ◽  
Dmitry Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Affective Component

This study presents the results of studying the features of self-consciousness of adolescents with socialized behavior disorder, such as self-attitude (affective component of the image of the Self), self-concept, self-esteem and the level of claims.

scholarly journals Who Likes What Kind of News? The Relationship Between Characteristics of Media Consumers and News Interest

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402110030
Author(s):  
Kai Kaspar ◽  
Lisa Anna Marie Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Information Filtering ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Uses And Gratification ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
The Relationship

Stimulated by the uses-and-gratification approach, this study examined the joint relation of several consumer characteristics to news interest. In total, 1,546 German-speaking participants rated their interest in 15 major news categories and several personal characteristics, including gender, age, the Big Five personality traits, self-esteem, as well as general positive and negative affect. Regression analyses examined the amount of interindividual variance in news interest that can be explained by this set of consumer characteristics. Overall, the amount of explained variance differed remarkably across news categories, ranging from 4% for entertainment-related news to 25% for news about technology. The most powerful explaining variables were participants’ gender, age, openness to experiences, and their amount of general positive affect. The results suggest that news interest should be defined and operationalized as a concept with multiple facets covering a huge range of content. Also, the results are important for media producers and journalists with respect to the conflict between increased need gratification of consumers and information filtering via personalized news content.

scholarly journals The Effects of Self-Compassion and Self-Esteem Writing Interventions on Women’s Valuation of Weight Management Goals, Body Appreciation, and Eating Behaviors

2021 ◽  
pp. 036168432110134
Author(s):  
Kheana Barbeau ◽  
Camille Guertin ◽  
Kayla Boileau ◽  
Luc Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Weight Management ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Body Appreciation ◽  
Writing Interventions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Bulimic Symptoms

In this study, we examined the effects of body-focused daily self-compassion and self-esteem expressive writing activities on women’s valuation of weight management goals, body appreciation, bulimic symptoms, and healthy and unhealthy eating behaviors. One-hundred twenty-six women, recruited from the community and a university participant pool ( Mage = 29.3, SD = 13.6), were randomly allocated to one of the three writing conditions: body-focused self-compassion, body-focused self-esteem, or control. Women reflected on a moment within the past 24 hours that made them feel self-conscious about their bodies, eating, or exercise habits (self-compassion and self-esteem conditions) or on a particular situation or feeling that occurred in the past 24 hours (control condition) for 4–7 days. At post-treatment (24 hours after the intervention), women in the self-compassion group demonstrated decreased bulimic symptoms, while women in the self-esteem and control conditions did not. Furthermore, clinically significant changes in bulimic symptoms were associated with being in the self-compassion condition but not in the self-esteem or control conditions. Results suggest that body-focused writing interventions may be more effective in temporarily reducing eating disorder symptoms in women if they focus on harnessing self-compassion. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843211013465

Greater Right Hemisphericity is Associated with Lower Self-Esteem in Adults

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1244-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Persinger ◽  
Katherine Makarec
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
History Of

28 men and 32 women were given Vingiano's Hemisphericity Questionnaire and the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. People who reported the greatest numbers of right hemispheric indicators displayed the lowest self-esteem; the correlations were moderately strong ( r>.50) for both men and women. These results support the hypothesis that the sense of self is primarily a linguistic, left-hemispheric phenomenon and that a developmental history of frequent intrusion from right-hemispheric processes can infuse the self-concept with negative affect.

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