scholarly journals M220. SELF-STIGMA, RESILIENCE, AND RECOVERY ATTITUDES AS PREDICTORS OF FUNCTIONING IN PEOPLE WITH SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S219-S220
Author(s):  
Sarah E Dihmes ◽  
Anthony Ahmed ◽  
Sherry Tucker ◽  
Alex Mabe ◽  
Peter Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Community Functioning ◽  
Stigma Resistance ◽  
Path Models ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Studies increasingly show an association between internalized stigma and increased symptoms, and poorer social and occupational functioning. Fewer studies have informed about protective traits, attitudes, and factors that may attenuate the impact of internalized stigma on psychopathology and psychosocial functioning. The current study used path analysis to examine putative intervening roles for resilience, coping, and recovery attitudes consistent with hope, empowerment, strengths, and self-direction on the effect of internalized stigma on psychopathology and function. Methods Participants were individuals diagnosed with either schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N=84). All participants had completed training and certification as peer support specialists and included 49 individuals currently employed and 35 currently unemployed. Using mailed surveys, participants were administered the Life Stressors Inventory, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness, the Connors Davidson Resilience Scale, Maryland Assessment of Recovery in Serious Mental Illness, the Brief Symptom Inventory, Brief COPE, Social Functioning Scale, and the Social Support Questionnaire. Path analytic models were estimated using Mplus5. Three path models were estimate designating psychopathology, social support, and community function as dependent variables. Goodness of Fit indices including the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker Lewis Index (TLI), the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), and the Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual were used to evaluate the fit of the models to the data. Results There were associations between five subdomains of the ISMI—Alienation (r=0.47, p<0.001), Stereotype Endorsement (r=0.29, p<0.001), Discriminatory Experiences (r=0.40, p<0.001), Social Withdrawal (r=0.47, p<0.001), and Stigma Resistance(r=-0.28, p<0.01) and the severity of psychopathology. There was a significant association between internalized stigma and overall functioning (r=0.46, p<0.001). In addition, the five subdomains of the ISMI—Alienation (r=-0.53, p<0.001), Stereotype Endorsement (r=-0.40, p<0.001), Discriminatory Experiences (r=-0.39, p<0.001), Social Withdrawal (r=-0.40, p<0.001), and Stigma Resistance(r=0.35, p<0.001) were associated with ratings of the satisfaction with social support. Associations with reported amount of social support ranged from r=0.25 for Stigma Resistance to r= -0.39 for Alienation. The final path models for the severity of psychopathology (CFI/TLI = 0.955/0.933, RMSEA=0.091, SRMR =0.049), social support (CFI/TLI = 0.957/0.935, RMSEA=0.085, SRMR =0.072), and community functioning (CFI/TLI = 0.928/0.901, RMSEA=0.087, SRMR =0.09) produced adequate goodness-of-fit estimates. In all three models, the use of maladaptive coping but not the use of adaptive coping mediated the effect of internalized stigma on the dependent variable. Recovery attitudes did not significantly predict psychopathology when resilience was included in the model, suggesting possibly collinear constructs. Discussion The study demonstrates that coping styles, recovery, and resilience attitudes are associated with functional outcomes in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, the impact of internalized stigma on psychopathology, social, and community functioning may be mediated the use of maladaptive coping styles and attitudes consistent with resilience and adaptability.

scholarly journals Stigma Resistance in Stable Schizophrenia: The Relative Contributions of Stereotype Endorsement, Self-Reflection, Self-Esteem, and Coping Styles

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 735-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chen Kao ◽  
Yin-Ju Lien ◽  
Hsin-An Chang ◽  
Nian-Sheng Tzeng ◽  
Chin-Bin Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Religious Coping ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Positive Reinterpretation ◽  
Stigma Resistance

Objective: Stigma resistance (SR) has recently emerged as a prominent aspect of research on recovery from schizophrenia, partly because studies have suggested that the development of stigma-resisting beliefs may help individuals lead a fulfilling life and recover from their mental illness. The present study assessed the relationship between personal SR ability and prediction variables such as self-stigma, self-esteem, self-reflection, coping styles, and psychotic symptomatology. Method: We performed an exploratory cross-sectional study of 170 community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia. Self-stigma, self-esteem, self-reflection, coping skills, and SR were assessed through self-report. Psychotic symptom severity was rated by the interviewers. Factors showing significant association in univariate analyses were included in a stepwise backward regression model. Results: Stepwise regressions revealed that acceptance of stereotypes of mental illness, self-esteem, self-reflection, and only 2 adaptive coping strategies (positive reinterpretation and religious coping) were significant predictors of SR. The prediction model accounted for 27.1% of the variance in the SR subscale score in our sample. Conclusions: Greater reflective capacity, greater self-esteem, greater preferences for positive reinterpretation and religious coping, and fewer endorsements of the stereotypes of mental illness may be key factors that relate to higher levels of SR. These factors are potentially modifiable in tailored interventions, and such modification may produce considerable improvements in the SR of the investigated population. This study has implications for psychosocial rehabilitation and emerging views of recovery from mental illness.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards disclosing a mental illness: impact on quality of life and recovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Mayer ◽  
Patrick W. Corrigan ◽  
Daniela Eisheuer ◽  
Nathalie Oexle ◽  
Nicolas Rüsch
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Initial Support ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose The decision whether to disclose a mental illness has individual and social consequences. Secrecy may protect from stigma and discrimination while disclosure can increase social support and facilitate help-seeking. Therefore, disclosure decisions are a key reaction to stigma. The first aim of this study was to test a newly developed scale to measure disclosure attitudes, the Attitudes to Disclosure Questionnaire (AtDQ). The second aim was to examine the impact of attitudes towards disclosing a mental illness on quality of life and recovery. Methods Among 100 participants with mental illness, disclosure attitudes, quality of life, recovery, benefits of disclosure, secrecy, social withdrawal, self-stigma, and depressive symptoms were assessed at weeks 0, 3 and 6. Psychometric properties of the AtDQ were analysed. Longitudinal associations between disclosure attitudes at baseline and quality of life and recovery after 6 weeks were examined in linear regressions. Results The analyses of the AtDQ indicated one-factor solutions, high acceptability, high internal consistency, and good retest reliability for the total scale and the subscales as well as high construct validity of the total scale. Results provided initial support for sensitivity to change. More positive disclosure attitudes in general and in particular regarding to family at baseline predicted better quality of life and recovery after 6 weeks. Conclusion The current study provides initial support for the AtDQ as a useful measure of disclosure attitudes. Disclosing a mental illness, especially with respect to family, may improve quality of life and recovery of people with mental illness.

scholarly journals Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness and Its Relation with Self- Esteem and Social Support among Psychiatric Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Amany A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Stigma Score ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness

Context: Mentally ill patients challenging dual difficulties that are illness and stigma. Internalized stigma viewed as maladaptive psychosocial phenomena that can affect all aspects of mentally ill patient life. Aim: The current study emerged aiming to assess internalized stigma of mental illness and its relation with self-esteem and social support among psychiatric patients. Methods: Descriptive research design used to achieve the aim of this study. A convenience sample of one hundred hospitalized psychiatric patients recruited for the study from inpatient units of Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Hospital in Minia governorate. The data collection tools included socio-demographic and clinical data questionnaire, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Results: The findings show that less than half of patients have a severe level of total internalized stigma score. There is a highly significant correlation between overall internalized stigma score and its all subscales with self-esteem and social support. Conclusions: Internalized stigma level was high among psychiatric patients. A significant negative correlation found between total internalized stigma score with self-esteem and social support of the studied patients. The study recommended further studies regarding educational interventions to raise awareness and decrease internalized stigma among patient with mental illness. Besides, providing support for patient and families of mentally ill patients to promote their capacity to manage and cope with stigma. 

Use of Social Networking Sites by People with Health Issues

2017 ◽  
pp. 40-60
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Imai
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The Impact

Previous studies have found that the use of social networking sites (SNSs) is associated with the user's positive outcomes such as perceived social support and psychological well-being (Ellison, Steinfield, & Lampe, 2007; Nabi, Prestin, & So, 2012). To seek those positive influences, those with health issues such as physical illness or mental illness actively use SNSs (e.g., Shpigelman & Gill, 2014a; Gowen, Deschaine, Gruttadara, & Markey, 2012). The first aim of this chapter is to describe previous studies on the use of SNSs by those with health issues such as mental illnesses, HIV/AIDS, cancer, intellectual disabilities, and diabetes. The second aim is to propose a new direction of research on the use of SNSs by those with health issues: the impact of stigma on communication on SNSs.

scholarly journals Illness Behavior: Prediction by Symptoms, the Grossarth-Maticek and Eysenck Personality Types, Neuroticism, Life Events, Coping, Health Locus of Control, Social Support, and Attribution Style

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santos Orejudo Hernández ◽  
María Xesús Froján Parga ◽  
Carmen Malo Aznar
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Illness Behavior ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Attribution Style ◽  
The Impact

A study was carried out with 501 persons to analyze the predictive capacity of various psychosocial variables—symptom perception, neuroticism, Personality Types 2 and 4 of Grossarth-Maticek and Eysenck, beliefs about health, social support, or certain coping styles—on two health-related behaviors: the frequency of visits to the doctor and self-medication. The results were analyzed by two structural equation models that revealed that some of the variables have direct effects on the behaviors, whereas other variables, such as attribution style, coping styles, or the impact of the stressors, have indirect effects via the reported symptoms or neuroticism. In addition, self-medication and the frequency of health service visits are independent of each other, which shows that their determinants are different. It is concluded that to address these factors in the two health indicators, it is also necessary to take in account the psychosocial variables considered herein.

scholarly journals Stigma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Aukst-Margetić ◽  
G. Toić ◽  
Z. Furjan ◽  
A. Boban ◽  
B. Margetić
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Family Problems ◽  
Stigma Resistance ◽  
Strongly Agree

Goal:To assess perception of stigma in patients suffering from combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.Methods:Sixty one veterans from 1991-1995 war in Croatia (mean age 43,8 years SD 6,3) with diagnosis of PTSD according to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases hospitalized consecutively on acute psychiatric department during 6 months were assessed. Stigma was measured with Internalized Stigma Mental Illness inventory that has five subscales: Alienation; Stereotype Endorsement; Perceived Discrimination; Social Withdrawal and Stigma Resistance, and with Devaluation-Discrimination Scale both rated on four possibilities Likert scale: (1-strongly disagree to 4-strongly agree). Mississippi Scale for Combat-related PTSD was used to determine the severity of PTSD symptoms. It consists of 35 statements that are rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 - “absolutely incorrect” to 5 - “absolutely correct”). A 100mm long visual analogue scales anchored with “not at all” and “very strongly” were used for assessing religiosity, social support and family problems caused with patient's illness.Results:Discrimination-devaluation scale was correlated with social support (r=0,373 p=0,003) indicating less discrimination with higher social support and with intensity of PTSD (r=-0,320 p=0,017). ISMI was correlated with intensity of family problems (r=0,299; p=0,019) and M-PTSD (r=0,588; p=0,001). Regression analyses indicated social support as significant predictor of less discrimination (R=0,570; p=0,021), and intensity of symptoms as predictor of high perceived stigma (R=0,653;p=0,001). Unsolved veteran invalidity status was associated with higher number of hospitalizations (t=2,097; df=59; p=0,042).Conclusion:Stigma perception in PTSD depends on social support and intensity of the symptoms.

scholarly journals Coping with Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome: quality of life and psychosocial features of family carers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Berrocoso ◽  
Imanol Amayra ◽  
Esther Lázaro ◽  
Oscar Martínez ◽  
Juan Francisco López-Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Support Network ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background : Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS) is a rare, congenital disease characterized by a distinctive facial phenotype, seizures, intellectual disability and developmental delay, and pre and postnatal growth requiring lifelong care. The psychosocial status of the family caregivers of children diagnosed with WHS is unknown. This study aims to characterize the sociodemographic and psychosocial profile of WHS caregivers and analyze how these variables impact their quality of life (QoL) and well-being. Results: The sociodemographic and clinical profile of 22 Spanish caregivers of children with WHS and the characteristics of those affected have been described. Significant relationships were found between sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics among caregivers. The impact on the parents' QoL and negative relationship with the symptomatology were assessed. The use of engagement strategies such as problem focused coping was associated with improved psychological QoL and social support. Conclusions: WHS caregivers share similarities in their profile and needs with caregivers of children with other rare diseases. Pychosocial support groups involving parents caring for children with the same disease could improve caregivers’ well-being and QoL by strengthening their social support network and using positive coping styles. Keywords: Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome; 4p deletion; caregivers; quality of life; coping; depression; social support; spirituality.

scholarly journals Self Picture Stigma of People with HIV AIDS in Polyclinic Cendana Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Endah Tri Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

The spread of HIV and AIDS in Indonesia over the last five years is quite high. United NationsAIDS (UNAIDS) even dub Indonesia as an Asia’s country with most spread of HIV/AIDS. However thefear of stigma and discrimination against PLWHA (people living with HIV/AIDS) remains a majorobstacle. The purpose of this research was to describe self stigma of HIV/AIDS in poly Cendana NgudiWaluyo Hospital Wlingi based questionnaire ISMI (Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness) that includeda portrait of alienation, acceptance of stereotypes, experience of discrimination, social withdrawal,and rejection of stigma. The samples were 27 people with HIV/AIDS. The results showed that generallyself stigma of HIV/AIDS were low 44.4% (12 patients). This result, indicated that the motivation ofpeople living with HIV/AIDS as well as their moral support was instrumental in lowering self-stigma.Recommendations from this study were expected for health care to prevent and overcome self stigma ofHIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Stigma Resistance and Its Associated Factors among People with Bipolar Disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nigus Alemnew Engidaw ◽  
Eyosiyas Yeshialem Asefa ◽  
Zelalem Belayneh ◽  
Abate Dargie Wubetu
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Stigma Resistance ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background. Stigma resistance is the capacity to cope and remain unaffected by mental illness stigmatization. In bipolar patients, having low stigma resistance may result in a higher internalized stigma, low self-esteem, and poor treatment outcome. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of stigma resistance among bipolar patients is not well known. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of stigma resistance and its associated factors among bipolar patients at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 8th to June 14th, 2016, at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital. The study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. The stigma resistance subscale of the internalized stigma of mental illness was used to measure stigma resistance. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was computed to identify factors associated with stigma resistance. Accordingly, variables with P values of less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant predictors of stigma resistance with a 95% confidence interval. Results. In this study, 418 participants completed the interview with a response rate of 98.8%. The prevalence of low stigma resistance was 56.9% (95%CI=51.9‐61.6%). Being unemployed (AOR=1.65; 95%CI=1.35‐1.87), high internalized stigma (AOR=3.04; 95%CI=1.83‐5.05) and low self-esteem (AOR=2.13; 95%CI=1.72‐6.76) were significantly associated with low stigma resistance. Conclusions and Recommendation. More than half of the bipolar patients attending the Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital had low stigma resistance. Therefore, stigma reduction programs have focused on improving self-esteem and reducing internalized stigma to increase their stigma resistance. Mental health information dissemination regarding community support and reengagement of people with bipolar disorder is highly recommended.

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