Stigma Resistance in Stable Schizophrenia: The Relative Contributions of Stereotype Endorsement, Self-Reflection, Self-Esteem, and Coping Styles

Objective: Stigma resistance (SR) has recently emerged as a prominent aspect of research on recovery from schizophrenia, partly because studies have suggested that the development of stigma-resisting beliefs may help individuals lead a fulfilling life and recover from their mental illness. The present study assessed the relationship between personal SR ability and prediction variables such as self-stigma, self-esteem, self-reflection, coping styles, and psychotic symptomatology. Method: We performed an exploratory cross-sectional study of 170 community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia. Self-stigma, self-esteem, self-reflection, coping skills, and SR were assessed through self-report. Psychotic symptom severity was rated by the interviewers. Factors showing significant association in univariate analyses were included in a stepwise backward regression model. Results: Stepwise regressions revealed that acceptance of stereotypes of mental illness, self-esteem, self-reflection, and only 2 adaptive coping strategies (positive reinterpretation and religious coping) were significant predictors of SR. The prediction model accounted for 27.1% of the variance in the SR subscale score in our sample. Conclusions: Greater reflective capacity, greater self-esteem, greater preferences for positive reinterpretation and religious coping, and fewer endorsements of the stereotypes of mental illness may be key factors that relate to higher levels of SR. These factors are potentially modifiable in tailored interventions, and such modification may produce considerable improvements in the SR of the investigated population. This study has implications for psychosocial rehabilitation and emerging views of recovery from mental illness.

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Mental Illness Stigma. A Comparative Cross-sectional Study of Social Stigma, Internalized Stigma and Self-esteem

Clínica y Salud ◽

10.5093/clysa2021a16 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000-000

Author(s):

Clara González-Sanguino ◽

Sara González-Domínguez ◽

Miguel A. Castellanos ◽

Manuel Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Social Stigma ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Illness Stigma ◽

Internalized Stigma ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Seattle Flu Study - Swab and Send: Study Protocol for At-Home Surveillance Methods to Estimate the Burden of Respiratory Pathogens on a City-Wide Scale

10.1101/2020.03.04.20031211 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ashley E. Kim ◽

Elisabeth Brandstetter ◽

Chelsey Graham ◽

Jessica Heimonen ◽

Audrey Osterbind ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metropolitan Area ◽

Nasal Swab ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Self Report ◽

Respiratory Pathogen ◽

List Type ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Home Based

AbstractIntroductionWhile seasonal influenza and other respiratory pathogens cause significant morbidity and mortality each year, the community-based burden of these infections remains incompletely understood. Understanding the prevalence, epidemiology, and transmission dynamics of respiratory pathogen infections among community-dwelling individuals is essential during pandemic and epidemic settings and for developing pandemic-preparedness infrastructure.Methods and AnalysisWe present the protocol for a novel, city-wide home-based cross-sectional study in the Seattle Metropolitan area, utilizing rapid delivery systems for self-collection of a nasal swab and return to the laboratory for respiratory pathogen testing. All participation takes place electronically, including recruitment, consent, and data collection. Within 48 hours of participants self-reporting respiratory symptoms, a nasal swab kit is delivered to the household via a courier service. Demographic and illness characteristics are collected at the time of sample collection and recovery and behavioral information collected one week later. Specimens are tested in the laboratory for multiple respiratory pathogens, and results are available on a public website for participants.Ethics and DisseminationThe study was approved by the University of Washington Institutional Review Board (Protocol #00006181). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, talks at conferences, and on the Study Website (www.seattleflu.org).Article SummaryThe findings of this study will inform whether a home-based approach to city-wide respiratory surveillance is possible in epidemic settingsA key strength of this study is that it is conducted across diverse neighborhoods spanning a major metropolitan areaClinical findings may not be generalizable, as they are reliant on self-report (vaccination status, symptoms, healthcare utilization, etc.)

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The Mediating Effect of Stress Reactivity in the 18-Year Bidirectional Relationship Between Generalized Anxiety and Depression Severity

10.31234/osf.io/27dws ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kathryn E Barber ◽

Nur Hani Zainal ◽

Michelle G. Newman

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Stress Reactivity ◽

Short Form ◽

Emotional Reactions ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Self Report ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) often precede and predict one another. Stress reactivity theories of psychopathology posit that patterns of heightened emotional reactions to stressors can result in increased vulnerability to the development of anxiety and depression. However, cross-sectional studies on this topic have hindered causal inferences. Method: The present study examined stress reactivity as a potential mediator of the sequential associations between GAD and MDD symptoms in a sample of 3,294 community-dwelling adults. GAD and MDD symptom severity (Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form) was assessed at two time points (T1 and T3), approximately 18 years apart. Stress reactivity (Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire) was measured at T2. Results: Structural equation mediation modeling demonstrated that higher T1 GAD severity positively predicted more severe T3 MDD symptoms via T2 stress reactivity (d = 0.45–0.50). After controlling for T1 GAD, T2 stress reactivity was not a significant mediator in the relationship between higher T1 MDD symptoms and worse T3 GAD symptoms. Direct effects indicated that T1 GAD positively predicted T3 MDD 18 years later, and vice versa (d = 1.29–1.65). Limitations: Stress reactivity was assessed using a self-report measure, limiting conclusions to perceived (vs. behaviorally indexed) stress reactivity. Conclusions: These findings indicate that stress reactivity may be one mechanism through which GAD leads to later MDD over prolonged durations. Overall, our results suggest that targeting stress reactivity in treatments for GAD may reduce the risk of developing subsequent MDD.

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COMPARISON OF CURRENT SARCOPENIA CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA IN OLDER NEW ENGLAND WOMEN

Journal of Aging Research and Lifestyle ◽

10.14283/jarcp.2017.21 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

S.G. Slezak ◽

K.B Mahoney ◽

E.N. Renna ◽

I.E. Lofgren ◽

F. Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Group ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Classification Criteria ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

European Working ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Distribution Frequency

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in a sample of older, sedentary women using criteria from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), the International Working Group (IWG), and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project (FNIHSP). Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Setting and Participants: Community-dwelling women (n = 61) aged 71.9 ± 4.6 years (mean±SD) with a BMI 27.3 ± 6.0 kg/m2 who by self-report were healthy and did not exercise were recruited and evaluated for sarcopenia. Measurements: Height, weight, grip strength, gait speed, and appendicular lean mass (via segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis: SMF-BIA) were measured. Prevalence was reported using descriptive statistics and a Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze the distribution frequency of sarcopenia classification by different criteria. Results: In this sample 14.8% met EWGSOP criteria, 6.6% met FNIHSP criteria, and 3.3% met IWG criteria. There was a borderline significant difference in distribution frequency between EWGSOP and IWG classification criteria (p=0.053). Conclusion: The variation in sarcopenia prevalence depending on the diagnostic criteria used is consistent with previous research and there are borderline significant differences between classification criteria in this population. These data suggest the need for additional examination to determine current cut points for ALM measured by SMF-BIA, as well as which established definition of sarcopenia is appropriate for this population.

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Social capital and cognitive decline: Does sleep duration mediate the association?

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0252208 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0252208

Author(s):

Liqun Wang ◽

Jiangping Li ◽

Zhizhong Wang ◽

Yong Du ◽

Ting Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Mmse Score ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Relationship

Background Studies have found that social capital (SC) is associated with the risk of cognitive decline; however, the mechanism explaining how SC leads to cognitive decline is unclear. The current study examines the mediation effect of sleep duration on the relationship between SC and cognitive decline in Chinese older adults. Methods A cross-sectional study of 955 community-dwelling aged 60 or over was conducted. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE), self-report sleep duration questionnaire, and social capital scales were administered during the face-to-face survey. The Bootstrap methods PROCESS program is employed to test the mediation model. Results After controlling for covariates, both social cohesion and social interaction were positively correlated with the MMSE score (p<0.001), and social cohesion was negatively correlated with sleep duration (p = 0.009); On the contrary, sleep duration was negatively correlated with MMSE score (p<0.001). Linear regression analysis showed social cohesion was positively associated with the MMSE score (β = 0.16, p = 0.005), while sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline (β = -0.72, p<0.001). Sleep duration has mediated the relationship between social cohesion and cognitive decline (explaining 21.7% of the total variance). Conclusions Social capital negatively associated with the risk of cognitive decline in this Chinese population, and sleep duration may partly explain this relationship. It may be a suggestive clue to identify those at a higher risk of progressing to cognitive impairment. Further prospective study in need to confirm this finding due to the cross-sectional design.

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ADHD in Tunisian Adolescents: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054717702217 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 154-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ahmed Mhalla ◽

Asma Guedria ◽

Takoua Brahem ◽

Badii Amamou ◽

Wiem Sboui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Arabic Language ◽

Self Report ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Therapeutic Implications ◽

Factors Associated

Objective: The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of ADHD in a population of high school students and to explore the factors associated with this disorder. Method: This was a cross-sectional study that had included 447 high school students. The diagnosis of ADHD was made by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale translated in Arabic language. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated by a preestablished questionnaire. The self-esteem was assessed by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: The prevalence of ADHD was 18.1%. The logistic regression analysis showed an association between the diagnosis of ADHD and the bad relationships with parents (odds ratio [OR] = 16.43; p < 10-3), the presence of personal psychiatric antecedents (OR = 12.16; p < 10-3), internet misuse (OR = 2.39; p = .014), and maltreatment antecedents (OR = 3.16; p = .009). Conclusion: The prevalence of ADHD in this study was one of the highest prevalence reported. The factors associated with ADHD may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

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Stigma Resistance and Its Associated Factors among People with Bipolar Disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Depression Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2020/7917965 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Nigus Alemnew Engidaw ◽

Eyosiyas Yeshialem Asefa ◽

Zelalem Belayneh ◽

Abate Dargie Wubetu

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Community Support ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Internalized Stigma ◽

Specialized Hospital ◽

Stigma Resistance ◽

Bipolar Patients

Background. Stigma resistance is the capacity to cope and remain unaffected by mental illness stigmatization. In bipolar patients, having low stigma resistance may result in a higher internalized stigma, low self-esteem, and poor treatment outcome. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of stigma resistance among bipolar patients is not well known. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of stigma resistance and its associated factors among bipolar patients at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 8th to June 14th, 2016, at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital. The study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. The stigma resistance subscale of the internalized stigma of mental illness was used to measure stigma resistance. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was computed to identify factors associated with stigma resistance. Accordingly, variables with P values of less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant predictors of stigma resistance with a 95% confidence interval. Results. In this study, 418 participants completed the interview with a response rate of 98.8%. The prevalence of low stigma resistance was 56.9% (95%CI=51.9‐61.6%). Being unemployed (AOR=1.65; 95%CI=1.35‐1.87), high internalized stigma (AOR=3.04; 95%CI=1.83‐5.05) and low self-esteem (AOR=2.13; 95%CI=1.72‐6.76) were significantly associated with low stigma resistance. Conclusions and Recommendation. More than half of the bipolar patients attending the Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital had low stigma resistance. Therefore, stigma reduction programs have focused on improving self-esteem and reducing internalized stigma to increase their stigma resistance. Mental health information dissemination regarding community support and reengagement of people with bipolar disorder is highly recommended.

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Chronic diseases, multimorbidity, and handgrip strength among older adults from Southern Brazil

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-98652016000100005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 43-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Júlia PESSINI ◽

Aline Rodrigues BARBOSA ◽

Erasmo Benício Santos de Moraes TRINDADE

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Living Arrangement ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Self Report ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Comorbid Chronic Diseases

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association between various chronic diseases, multimorbidity, and handgrip strength in community dwelling older adults in Southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out with 477 older adults (60 years and older) who resided in Antônio Carlos, Santa Catarina state. Subjects aged 60-79 years were selected by probability sampling (n=343) and all subjects aged 80 years or older (n=134) were evaluated. Chronic diseases were identified by self-report. A mechanical dynamometer verified handgrip strength (i.e., the outcome). Adjustments variables were age, literacy, living arrangement, smoking, body mass index, cognitive function, and comorbid chronic diseases. Sex-stratified analyses were conducted with simple and multiple linear regression. Results: A total of 270 women (73.2±8.8 years) and 207 men (73.3±9.0 years) were assessed. In the adjustment analysis, cancer (β=-3.69; 95%CI=-6.97 to -0.41) and depression (β=-1.65; 95%CI=-3.20 to -0.10) were associated with lower handgrip strength in women. For men, diabetes (β=-5.30; 95%CI=-9.64 to -0.95), chronic lung disease (β=-4.74; 95%CI=-7.98 to -1.50), and coronary heart disease (β=-3.07; 95%CI=-5.98 to -0.16) were associated with lower handgrip strength values. There was an inverse trend between number of diseases and handgrip strength for men only. Conclusion: The results showed an independent association between chronic diseases and handgrip strength. As such, handgrip strength is a valid measure to use for prevention or intervention in chronic disease and multimorbidity.

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THE ROLE OF RELIGIOSITY IN DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG CHINESE OLDER ADULTS

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.3537 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S976-S976

Author(s):

Ru Jia ◽

Dexia Kong ◽

XinQi Dong

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Self Report ◽

Religious Activities ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Research Attention ◽

Chinese Older Adults ◽

Religious Services ◽

At Home

Abstract This study aims to examine the relationship between religiosity and depressive symptoms in a large cohort of community-dwelling U.S. Chinese older adults living in the Greater Chicago area, which has received relatively little research attention. Cross-sectional self-report data was obtained from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago between 2011 and 2013 (N=3,157). Depressive symptoms were measured by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A score of 5 and above indicated the presence of clinically significant depressive symptoms. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between religiosity and depressive symptoms. Out of 3,157 participants, 20.3% participants had a score of or above 5 on PHQ-9. 35.4% reported religiosity as being “important” (24.7%) and “very important” (10.7%); 16% reported attending organized religious services at least once a month (3.1% reported once a month; 12.3% reported once a week; 0.6% reported almost every day); 23% reported having religious services at home at least once a month (10.3% reported once a month; 3.2% reported once a week; 9.5% reported almost daily). Results showed that recognizing religiosity as important is significantly negatively associated with depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR]=0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.89-0.99). However, no significant associations between depressive symptoms and religious activity attendance or religious service at home were observed. Findings suggest that senses of belonging and life meaning may help reduce depressive symptoms, rather than the religious activities per se. Future interventions could reduce depressive symptoms of U.S. Chinese older adults through religiosity.

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The relationship between internalized stigma and quality of life among people with mental illness: are self-esteem and sense of coherence sequential mediators?

Quality of Life Research ◽

10.1007/s11136-017-1596-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2471-2478 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Piotr Świtaj ◽

Paweł Grygiel ◽

Anna Chrostek ◽

Izabela Nowak ◽

Jacek Wciórka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Sense Of Coherence ◽

Psychiatric Treatment ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Internalized Stigma ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

People With Mental Illness ◽

Sectional Analysis

Abstract Purpose To elucidate the mechanism through which internalized stigma reduces the quality of life (QoL) of people with mental illness by exploring the mediating roles of self-esteem and sense of coherence (SOC). Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 229 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or affective disorders was undertaken to test a sequential mediation model assuming that more severe internalized stigma is related to lower self-esteem, which is associated with weaker SOC, which in turn relates to worse QoL. Results The proposed model was supported by the data. A sequential indirect effect from internalized stigma to QoL via self-esteem and SOC turned out to be significant [beta = −0.06, SE = 0.02; 95% CI (−0.11, −0.03)]. Support was also found for simple mediation models with either self-esteem or SOC as single mediators between internalized stigma and QoL. Conclusions Self-esteem and SOC are personal resources that should be considered as potential targets of interventions aiming to prevent the harmful consequences of internalized stigma for the QoL of people receiving psychiatric treatment.

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