scholarly journals 0090 Stage-Specific Sleep Disruption and its Effect on Spatial Navigational Memory

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A36-A37
Author(s):  
A A Parekh ◽  
K Kam ◽  
A Mullins ◽  
A Fakhoury ◽  
B Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Potential Oscillations ◽  
Bout Length ◽  
Navigational Memory

Abstract Introduction The mechanisms by which sleep disruption impact memory may depend on sleep stage, as rapid eye movement (REM) and slow wave sleep (SWS) differ in several significant ways, including degree of neuronal synchrony and frequency of cortical local field potential oscillations. Here we sought to examine the relationship between stage-specific disruption of sleep and its effect on spatial navigational memory. Methods 9 healthy adult subjects participated in this study which involved 3 in-lab polysomnograms (normal, REM-disruption, and SWS-disruption) accompanied by pre- and post-sleep functional neuroimaging of brain during a spatial navigational memory task. Graded auditory stimuli consisting of 0.5 second bursts of high-frequency tones (300-3000Hz) were used to disrupt sleep (REM/SWS) in real time. Primary metrics to ascertain the effect of these auditory tones on sleep were time in sleep stage (REM/SWS) as a % of total sleep time (TST), bout length. The primary metric for spatial navigational memory was %change in overnight completion time on a first-person-experience 3D maze task. Results Sleep macrostructure was normal during the normal night (TST:379.9±56.6 min; SWS:19.5±7.6%; REM:19.4±5.3%; mean±std). Stage-specific disruption of sleep was achieved using auditory tones during a) SWS-disruption condition (TST:388.9±47.4 mins; SWS:6.6±4.8%; REM:18.7±5.2%) and b) REM-disruption condition (TST:365.3±69.8 mins; SWS:17.1±7.7%; REM:12.1±6.6%). SWS-disruption reduced mean bout length of SWS as compared to no disruption (1.3±0.8 mins vs. 10.3±8.2 mins; p<0.01) and REM-disruption reduced mean bout length of REM as compared to no disruption (2.2±1.7 vs. 10.6±5.2 mins; p<0.01). When sleep was not disrupted, subjects achieved overnight improvements in performance (25.3±17%) which remained unchanged during REM-disruption (18.8±29.6%, p=0.5) and during SWS-disruption (38.8±24.4%; p=0.2). Morning psychomotor vigilance was also unaffected by condition. Conclusion Stage specific disruption of sleep can be achieved using graded auditory tones. While performance on a virtual 3D maze remain unchanged with stage specific sleep disruption, lower sample size may have limited our ability to detect the change. Activation patterns from functional neuroimaging that were acquired during the spatial navigation task may elucidate the interaction between stage-specific sleep disruption and performance. Support NIH R21AG059179

036 The Effect of Exercise on Sleep Architecture and Memory Consolidation during a Daytime Nap

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A16-A16
Author(s):  
Megan Collins ◽  
Erin Wamsley ◽  
Hailey Napier ◽  
Madeline Ray
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Slow wave sleep (SWS) is thought to especially benefit declarative memory (i.e., memory for facts and events). As such, recent studies have used various methods to experimentally increase the amount of slow wave sleep that participants obtain, with the goal of assessing how SWS affects declarative memory consolidation. Studies dating back decades have reported that exercising before sleep may increase time spent in SWS. Thus, the aim of the current project was to determine whether exercising after learning verbal information enhances slow wave sleep during a subsequent nap and/or enhances memory for verbal information. Methods Participants who exercised regularly were recruited to attend two 2.5hr laboratory sessions. During each session, they trained on a paired associates learning task and then completed either a 20min cardiovascular exercise routine or a 20min stretching routine. Following a 1hr nap opportunity, participants were tested on their memory. PSG was recorded during the nap, and scored following AASM criteria. Participants were excluded from analysis if they failed to sleep for at least 10 min. Following exclusions, n=30 participants were included in analysis. Results Contrary to our hypotheses, there was no significant difference between the exercise and stretching conditions for minutes spent in slow wave sleep (p=.16), % time spent in slow wave sleep (p=.22), or raw improvement in paired associated performance (p=.23). The amount of SWS obtained during the nap did not correlate with performance in either condition (SWS min vs. memory in exercise condition: r28=.10, p=.60; sleep condition: r28=-.06, p=.74). Exercise did not affect time spent in any other sleep stage, nor did it affect total sleep time. Conclusion Contrary to our hypotheses and the results of prior research, we were unable to detect a significant effect of exercise on slow wave sleep. Also contrary to our hypotheses, exercise did not affect memory retention across the nap interval. These null results could indicate that there is no effect of exercise on nap sleep and/or associated memory retention. However, it could also be that we lacked sufficient power to detect effects that were smaller than expected. Support (if any):

scholarly journals 0109 Slow Wave Sleep Time and Its Oscillatory Features Show Opposite Associations with Emotional Memory Consolidation Following Stress

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A43-A43
Author(s):  
D Denis ◽  
S Y Kim ◽  
S M Kark ◽  
R T Daley ◽  
S E Alger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
National Science Foundation Grant ◽  
Stress Group

Abstract Introduction Sleep and stress can both enhance emotional memory consolidation. During slow wave sleep (SWS), oscillatory features such as slow oscillations (SO), sleep spindles (SS), and critically, their coupling, are believed to facilitate consolidation. How they relate to emotional memory consolidation is less clear, and how stress interacts with these oscillations is unknown. Methods In this study, participants either underwent a psychosocial stressor (the Trier Social Stress Task; n = 32) or a control task (n=32). Next, they encoded 150 neutral, negative, and positive images while undergoing fMRI. Participants then spent the night in the lab with polysomnographic recording. The next day they were given a surprise recognition test. Results There was better memory for emotional compared to neutral items in the stress group. Within this group, % of time spent in SWS positively correlated with emotional memory consolidation (r=.37, p=.039). However, SO-SS coupling during SWS was negatively correlated with emotional memory consolidation in the stress group (r=-.47, p=.007). This was driven by participants who showed a high cortisol response following the stressor (cortisol * coupling interaction p=.03) Results were similar when negative and positive items were analyzed separately. No correlations with neutral item memory were found. Conclusion Sleep stage time and sleep oscillatory activity exert different effects on emotional memory following stress, and that SO-SS coupling does not always promote episodic memory consolidation. SO-SS coupling can impair emotional memories when encoded during periods of elevated stress, and accompanying neuromodulators such as cortisol are high. Support National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: BXS-1539361

scholarly journals The Aging Slow Wave: A Shifting Amalgam of Distinct Slow Wave and Spindle Coupling Subtypes Define Slow Wave Sleep Across the Human Lifespan

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice V McConnell ◽  
Eugene Kronberg ◽  
Peter D Teale ◽  
Stefan H Sillau ◽  
Grace M Fishback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Development And Aging

Abstract Study Objectives Slow wave and spindle coupling supports memory consolidation, and loss of coupling is linked with cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Coupling is proposed to be a possible biomarker of neurological disease, yet little is known about the different subtypes of coupling that normally occur throughout human development and aging. Here we identify distinct subtypes of spindles within slow wave upstates and describe their relationships with sleep stage across the human lifespan. Methods Coupling within a cross-sectional cohort of 582 subjects was quantified from stages N2 and N3 sleep across ages 6-88 years old. Results were analyzed across the study population via mixed model regression. Within a subset of subjects, we further utilized coupling to identify discrete subtypes of slow waves by their coupled spindles. Results Two different subtypes of spindles were identified during the upstates of (distinct) slow waves: an “early-fast” spindle, more common in stage N2 sleep, and a “late-fast” spindle, more common in stage N3. We further found stages N2 and N3 sleep contain a mixture of discrete subtypes of slow waves, each identified by their unique coupled-spindle timing and frequency. The relative contribution of coupling subtypes shifts across the human lifespan, and a deeper sleep phenotype prevails with increasing age. Conclusions Distinct subtypes of slow waves and coupled spindles form the composite of slow wave sleep. Our findings support a model of sleep-dependent synaptic regulation via discrete slow wave/spindle coupling subtypes and advance a conceptual framework for the development of coupling-based biomarkers in age-associated neurological disease.

scholarly journals A Validation Study of a Commercial Wearable Device to Automatically Detect and Estimate Sleep

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Dean J. Miller ◽  
Gregory D. Roach ◽  
Michele Lastella ◽  
Aaron T. Scanlan ◽  
Clint R. Bellenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Manual Adjustment ◽  
Light Sleep

The aims of this study were to: (1) compare actigraphy (ACTICAL) and a commercially available sleep wearable (i.e., WHOOP) under two functionalities (i.e., sleep auto-detection (WHOOP-AUTO) and manual adjustment of sleep (WHOOP-MANUAL)) for two-stage categorisation of sleep (sleep or wake) against polysomnography, and; (2) compare WHOOP-AUTO and WHOOP-MANUAL for four-stage categorisation of sleep (wake, light sleep, slow wave sleep (SWS), or rapid eye movement sleep (REM)) against polysomnography. Six healthy adults (male: n = 3; female: n = 3; age: 23.0 ± 2.2 yr) participated in the nine-night protocol. Fifty-four sleeps assessed by ACTICAL, WHOOP-AUTO and WHOOP-MANUAL were compared to polysomnography using difference testing, Bland–Altman comparisons, and 30-s epoch-by-epoch comparisons. Compared to polysomnography, ACTICAL overestimated total sleep time (37.6 min) and underestimated wake (−37.6 min); WHOOP-AUTO underestimated SWS (−15.5 min); and WHOOP-MANUAL underestimated wake (−16.7 min). For ACTICAL, sensitivity for sleep, specificity for wake and overall agreement were 98%, 60% and 89%, respectively. For WHOOP-AUTO, sensitivity for sleep, wake, and agreement for two-stage and four-stage categorisation of sleep were 90%, 60%, 86% and 63%, respectively. For WHOOP-MANUAL, sensitivity for sleep, wake, and agreement for two-stage and four-stage categorisation of sleep were 97%, 45%, 90% and 62%, respectively. WHOOP-AUTO and WHOOP-MANUAL have a similar sensitivity and specificity to actigraphy for two-stage categorisation of sleep and can be used as a practical alternative to polysomnography for two-stage categorisation of sleep and four-stage categorisation of sleep.

scholarly journals Increased neural correlations in primate auditory cortex during slow-wave sleep

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 2732-2738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias B. Issa ◽  
Xiaoqin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Local Field Potential ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Functional Connections

During sleep, changes in brain rhythms and neuromodulator levels in cortex modify the properties of individual neurons and the network as a whole. In principle, network-level interactions during sleep can be studied by observing covariation in spontaneous activity between neurons. Spontaneous activity, however, reflects only a portion of the effective functional connectivity that is activated by external and internal inputs (e.g., sensory stimulation, motor behavior, and mental activity), and it has been shown that neural responses are less correlated during external sensory stimulation than during spontaneous activity. Here, we took advantage of the unique property that the auditory cortex continues to respond to sounds during sleep and used external acoustic stimuli to activate cortical networks for studying neural interactions during sleep. We found that during slow-wave sleep (SWS), local (neuron-neuron) correlations are not reduced by acoustic stimulation remaining higher than in wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep and remaining similar to spontaneous activity correlations. This high level of correlations during SWS complements previous work finding elevated global (local field potential-local field potential) correlations during sleep. Contrary to the prediction that slow oscillations in SWS would increase neural correlations during spontaneous activity, we found little change in neural correlations outside of periods of acoustic stimulation. Rather, these findings suggest that functional connections recruited in sound processing are modified during SWS and that slow rhythms, which in general are suppressed by sensory stimulation, are not the sole mechanism leading to elevated network correlations during sleep.

scholarly journals Targeted memory reactivation in REM but not SWS selectively reduces arousal responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel C. Hutchison ◽  
Stefania Pezzoli ◽  
Maria-Efstratia Tsimpanouli ◽  
Mahmoud E. A. Abdellahi ◽  
Penelope A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Emotional Memories ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subjective Arousal ◽  
Spontaneous Reactivation

AbstractA growing body of evidence suggests that sleep can help to decouple the memory of emotional experiences from their associated affective charge. This process is thought to rely on the spontaneous reactivation of emotional memories during sleep, though it is still unclear which sleep stage is optimal for such reactivation. We examined this question by explicitly manipulating memory reactivation in both rapid-eye movement sleep (REM) and slow-wave sleep (SWS) using targeted memory reactivation (TMR) and testing the impact of this manipulation on habituation of subjective arousal responses across a night. Our results show that TMR during REM, but not SWS significantly decreased subjective arousal, and this effect is driven by the more negative stimuli. These results support one aspect of the sleep to forget, sleep to remember (SFSR) hypothesis which proposes that emotional memory reactivation during REM sleep underlies sleep-dependent habituation.

Influence of hypothalamic and ambient temperatures on sleep in kangaroo rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (1) ◽  
pp. R80-R88 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sakaguchi ◽  
S. F. Glotzbach ◽  
H. C. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Paradoxical Sleep ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Peripheral Stimulus ◽  
Kangaroo Rats ◽  
Hypothalamic Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Thermoregulatory System

Unanesthetized, unrestrained kangaroo rats (Dipodomys) were studied to examine the changes in the frequency and duration of sleep states caused by long-term manipulations of hypothalamic temperature (Thy) at a thermoneutral (30 degrees C) and a low (20 degrees C) ambient temperature (Ta). A cold stimulus present in either the hypothalamus or the skin decreased both the total sleep time (TST) and the ratio of paradoxical sleep (PS) to TST. At a low Ta, TST, but not the PS-to-TST ratio, was increased by raising Thy, indicating that a cold peripheral stimulus could differentially inhibit PS. At a thermoneutral Ta, cooling Thy decreased both TST and the PS/TST. Changes in the amount of PS were due largely to changes in the frequency, but not the duration, of individual episodes of PS, suggesting that the transition to PS is partially dependent on the thermoregulatory conditions existing during slow-wave sleep (SWS). These results are consistent with the recent findings that the thermoregulatory system is functional during SWS but is inhibited or inactivated during PS.

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