231 COVID-19 Lockdown Policies Across 20 Countries Modulate Sleep and Resting Heart Rate Measures

Abstract Introduction Lockdowns imposed to stem the spread of COVID-19 have disrupted the lifestyles of many worldwide, but studies to date are mostly confined to observations within a limited number of countries, based on subjective reports and survey from a narrow time window. In the present study, we investigate associations between the severity of lockdown policies and objective sleep and resting-heart rate measures. Methods Data from 113,000 users of a consumer sleep tracker across 20 countries were gathered between Jan–Jul 2020 and compared with an equivalent period in 2019 as a control for naturally occurring seasonal fluctuations. Lockdown stringency was derived using scores from the Oxford Government Response Tracker. Multilevel growth curve models were used to quantify the effect of lockdown stringency on changes to sleep patterns (midsleep time and midsleep variability) and resting heart rate changes, and to predict changes in resting heart rate from changes to sleep patterns. Results Lockdown severity modulated the size of shifts in sleep midpoint and regularity during this period. Midsleep times were delayed in all countries during strict lockdowns, particularly on weekdays, while midsleep variability reduced. The largest shifts in midsleep time (+0.09 to +0.58 hours), midsleep variability (–0.12 to –0.26 hours) and resting heart rate (–0.35 to –2.08 bpm) occurred in April and May - when most countries imposed their strictest lockdown measures. In addition, multilevel modelling revealed that for each unit increase in stringency index, midsleep time was delayed by 0.96 min, midsleep variability decreased by 0.46 min and resting heart rate decreased by 0.06 bpm. Finally, in models predicting changes in resting heart rate from changes to sleep patterns, midsleep variability was shown to be the strongest predictor of resting heart rate, wherein an hour increase in the standard deviation of midsleep variability predicted a 5.12 increase in bpm, while an hour increase in midsleep time only predicted a 1.25 decrease in bpm. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate the utility of large-scale data from consumer wearables in providing population-level insights into how lockdown severity directly impacts sleep health during this pandemic period. Support (if any) Work conducted at NUS is supported by a grant awarded to Michael Chee (NMRC/STAR19may-0001).

Download Full-text

Abstract MP38: Longitudinal Population-Level Changes In Resting Heart Rate During The COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact Of Changes In Sleep, Circadian, And Physical Activity Variables

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.mp38 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Naghmeh Rezaei ◽

Michael A Grandner

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

San Francisco ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Level ◽

Sleep Stages ◽

Resting Heart Rate

Introduction: Population-level objective estimates of changes in health metrics over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic are sparse. This study evaluated change in resting heart rate (RHR) determined by optical plethysmography and relationships to changes in other lifestyle health behaviors (sleep and activity). Methods: Data were obtained from N=197,988 Fitbit users who wore their heart-rate enabled Fitbit device to sleep and had detected sleep stages at least 10 days in the month of January, the baseline period; and synced their devices at least once in the last 10 days of April. In addition, potential participants needed to reside in one of 6 target cities: Chicago, Illinois; Houston, Texas; Los Angeles, California; San Francisco, California; New York City, New York; and Miami, Florida. Users who met these criteria were randomly selected. Daily RHR, sleep duration (minutes), sleep duration variability (standard deviation), bedtime, step count, and active minutes were estimated by the device. Differences between January (before the pandemic) and April (peak of stay-at-home orders) was computed. Correlations between change in RHR and change in other variables were evaluated, stratified by age and sex. Results: For all age groups, in both men and women, mean RHR declined from January to April by about 1bpm, with the highest reductions in the youngest adults (all p<1x10 -100 ). In general, across both genders and all age groups, reductions in RHR were correlated with greater sleep duration, delaying bedtime, reduced sleep variability, and more active minutes. Steps were also associated in younger (but not older) adults. Results for ages 18-29 and >=65 are displayed in the Table. Discussion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, RHR decreased robustly but very slightly. Reductions in RHR were correlated with improvements in other health behaviors (sleep and activity). Causal relationships could not be evaluated, but future studies may explore whether even small changes in health behaviors can measurably impact population RHR.

Download Full-text

Conventional and bi-directional genetic evidence on resting heart rate and cardiometabolic traits

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab847 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tao Huang ◽

Wenxiu Wang ◽

Jingjia Wang ◽

Jun Lv ◽

Canqing Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Large Scale ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Heat Rate ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Causal Inferences ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Cardiometabolic Traits

Abstract Objectives To examine the direction, strength and causality of the associations of resting heart rate (RHR) with cardiometabolic traits. Methods We assessed the strength of associations between measured RHR and cardiometabolic traits in 506,211 and 372,452 participants from China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) and UK Biobank (UKB). Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used to make causal inferences in 99,228 and 371,508 participants from CKB and UKB, respectively. Results We identified significant, directionally-concordant observational associations between RHR and higher total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose, body mass index, waist-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) after the Bonferroni correction. MR analyses showed that 10 beat/min higher genetically-predicted RHR were trans-ethnically associated with a higher DBP (beta 2.059 [95%CI 1.544, 2.574] mmHg in CKB; 2.037 [1.845, 2.229] mmHg in UKB), higher CRP (0.180 [0.057, 0.303] log mg/L in CKB; 0.154 [0.134, 0.174] log mg/L in UKB), higher TG (0.052 [-0.009, 0.113] log mmol/L in CKB; 0.020 [0.010, 0.030] log mmol/L in UKB) and higher WHR (0.218 [-0.033, 0.469] % in CKB; 0.225 [0.111, 0.339] % in UKB). In the opposite direction, higher genetically-predicted SBP, TG, glucose, WHR and lower high-density lipoprotein were associated with elevated RHR. Conclusion Our large-scale analyses provide causal evidence between RHR and cardiometabolic traits, highlighting the importance of monitoring heat rate as a means of alleviating the adverse effect of metabolic disorders.

Download Full-text

Large-scale data from wearables reveal regional disparities in sleep patterns that persist across age and sex

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-40156-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ju Lynn Ong ◽

Jesisca Tandi ◽

Amiya Patanaik ◽

June C. Lo ◽

Michael W. L. Chee

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Regional Disparities ◽

Sleep Patterns ◽

Large Scale Data ◽

Scale Data ◽

Age And Sex

Download Full-text

The complexity of the relationship between spontaneous brain activity and glucose metabolism

10.21203/rs.3.rs-728300/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tommaso Volpi ◽

Erica Silvestri ◽

Marco Aiello ◽

Maurizio Corbetta ◽

Alessandra Bertoldo

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Large Scale ◽

Phase Synchronization ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Population Level ◽

Multilevel Modelling ◽

Standard Uptake Value ◽

Coupling Model ◽

Spontaneous Brain Activity ◽

Positron Emission

Abstract Brain glucose metabolism as assessed by [18F]FDG positron emission tomography (PET) is expected to be significantly related to resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) activity and functional connectivity (FC), but the underlying coupling model is still incompletely understood. Employing simultaneous acquisitions, we related [18F]FDG standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) to 50 features pertaining to rs-fMRI 1) signal, 2) hemodynamic response, 3) static and 4) time-varying FC, and 5) phase synchronization. To assess which rs-fMRI variables better describe SUVR across regions, we employed a hierarchical approach, identifying the model at population level, and then estimating it on individual data. Multilevel modelling explained around 40% of the SUVR variance, with signal-related features as the most relevant fMRI variables. When the model was used to characterize between-network variability of the SUVR-fMRI coupling, the ranking changed. We demonstrate that local activity and synchronization are the most important predictors of glucose metabolism, while large-scale FC properties gain importance within specific networks.

Download Full-text

Resting heart rate as a biomarker for tracking change in cardiorespiratory fitness of UK adults: The Fenland Study

10.1101/2020.07.01.20144154 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomas I. Gonzales ◽

Justin Y. Jeon ◽

Timothy Lindsay ◽

Kate Westgate ◽

Ignacio Perez-Pozuelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Level ◽

Population Based ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Remote Patient ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

Adjusted Association

AbstractAimsResting heart rate (RHR) is inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) but few studies have investigated the nature of this relationship in large population samples. We examined the association between RHR and CRF in UK adults and explored factors that may influence this relationship.Methods and ResultsIn a population-based sample of 5,143 men and 5,722 women (aged 29-65 years), mean (SD) RHR while seated, supine, and during sleep was 67.6 (9.8), 63.5 (8.9), and 56.9 (6.9) bpm, respectively. The age- and sex-adjusted association with CRF as assessed by submaximal treadmill testing was −0.26 (95%CI −0.27; −0.24), −0.31 (95%CI −0.33; −0.29), and −0.31 (95%CI −0.34; −0.29) ml O2 kg-1 beat-1. Sequential adjustment for objectively measured obesity and physical activity attenuated the RHR coefficient by 10% and 50%, respectively. In longitudinal analyses of 6,589 participants re-examined after 6 years, each 1 bpm increase in supine RHR was associated with 0.23 (95%CI 0.20; 0.25) ml O2 min-1 kg-1 decrease in CRF.ConclusionsAcross all measures, RHR is inversely associated with CRF; half of this association is explained by obesity and physical activity, suggesting CRF changes achieved through altered behaviour could be tracked through changes in RHR, a notion supported by longitudinal results. As well as its utility as a biomarker of CRF at population-level, serial measurements of RHR may facilitate personal goal setting/evaluation and remote patient monitoring.

Download Full-text

Mapping Complex Brain Torque Components and Their Genetic and Phenomic Architecture in 24,112 healthy individuals

10.1101/2021.03.09.434625 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lu Zhao ◽

William Matloff ◽

Yonggang Shi ◽

Ryan P. Cabeen ◽

Arthur W. Toga

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Population Level ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Numerical Reasoning ◽

Large Scale Data ◽

Differential Heritability ◽

Individual Variations ◽

Neuroimaging Data ◽

Temporal Language ◽

Language Areas

AbstractThe mechanisms determining the development and individual variability of brain torque (BT) remain unclear. Here, all relevant components of BT were analyzed using neuroimaging data of up to 24,112 individuals from 6 cohorts. Our large-scale data confirmed the population-level predominance of the typical anticlockwise torque and suggested a “first attenuating, then enlarging” dynamic across the lifespan primarily for frontal, occipital and perisylvian BT features. Sex/handedness differences in BT were found and were related to cognitive sex/handedness differences in verbal-numerical reasoning. We observed differential heritability of up to 56% for BT, especially in temporal language areas, and identified numerous genome- and phenome-wide significant associations pointing to neurodevelopment, cognitive functions, lifestyle, neurological and psychiatric disorders, sociodemographic, cardiovascular and anthropometric traits. This study provides a comprehensive description of BT and insights into biological and other factors that may contribute to the development and individual variations of BT.

Download Full-text

Regional Frontal Lobe Response Magnitudes During Affective Shifting Covary With Resting Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Volunteers

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000166 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 165-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ryan Smith ◽

John J.B. Allen ◽

Julian F. Thayer ◽

Richard D. Lane

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Emotional Reactivity ◽

Bold Signal ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽

Absolute Value ◽

Cardiac Vagal Control ◽

Resting Heart Rate Variability

Abstract. We hypothesized that in healthy subjects differences in resting heart rate variability (rHRV) would be associated with differences in emotional reactivity within the medial visceromotor network (MVN). We also probed whether this MVN-rHRV relationship was diminished in depression. Eleven healthy adults and nine depressed subjects performed the emotional counting stroop task in alternating blocks of emotion and neutral words during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The correlation between rHRV outside the scanner and BOLD signal reactivity (absolute value of change between adjacent blocks in the BOLD signal) was examined in specific MVN regions. Significant negative correlations were observed between rHRV and average BOLD shift magnitude (BSM) in several MVN regions in healthy subjects but not depressed subjects. This preliminary report provides novel evidence relating emotional reactivity in MVN regions to rHRV. It also provides preliminary suggestive evidence that depression may involve reduced interaction between the MVN and cardiac vagal control.

Download Full-text