scholarly journals Resting heart rate as a biomarker for tracking change in cardiorespiratory fitness of UK adults: The Fenland Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas I. Gonzales ◽  
Justin Y. Jeon ◽  
Timothy Lindsay ◽  
Kate Westgate ◽  
Ignacio Perez-Pozuelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Remote Patient ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Adjusted Association

AbstractAimsResting heart rate (RHR) is inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) but few studies have investigated the nature of this relationship in large population samples. We examined the association between RHR and CRF in UK adults and explored factors that may influence this relationship.Methods and ResultsIn a population-based sample of 5,143 men and 5,722 women (aged 29-65 years), mean (SD) RHR while seated, supine, and during sleep was 67.6 (9.8), 63.5 (8.9), and 56.9 (6.9) bpm, respectively. The age- and sex-adjusted association with CRF as assessed by submaximal treadmill testing was −0.26 (95%CI −0.27; −0.24), −0.31 (95%CI −0.33; −0.29), and −0.31 (95%CI −0.34; −0.29) ml O2 kg-1 beat-1. Sequential adjustment for objectively measured obesity and physical activity attenuated the RHR coefficient by 10% and 50%, respectively. In longitudinal analyses of 6,589 participants re-examined after 6 years, each 1 bpm increase in supine RHR was associated with 0.23 (95%CI 0.20; 0.25) ml O2 min-1 kg-1 decrease in CRF.ConclusionsAcross all measures, RHR is inversely associated with CRF; half of this association is explained by obesity and physical activity, suggesting CRF changes achieved through altered behaviour could be tracked through changes in RHR, a notion supported by longitudinal results. As well as its utility as a biomarker of CRF at population-level, serial measurements of RHR may facilitate personal goal setting/evaluation and remote patient monitoring.

scholarly journals Joint associations between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with body-fatness. The Fenland Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lindsay ◽  
Katrien Wijndaele ◽  
Kate Westgate ◽  
Paddy Dempsey ◽  
Tessa Strain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Light Activity ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Objectively Measured Physical Activity

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPhysical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) represents the total volume of all physical activity. This can be accumulated as different underlying intensity profiles. Although volume and intensity have been studied in isolation, less is known about their joint association with health. We examined this association with body-fatness in a population-based sample of middle-aged British women and men.Methods6148 women and 5320 men from the Fenland study with objectively-measured physical activity from individually calibrated combined heart rate and movement sensing and DXA-derived body-fat percentage (BF%) were included in the analyses. We used linear and compositional isocaloric substitution analysis to examine associations of PAEE and its intensity composition with body-fatness. Sex-stratified models were adjusted for socio-economic and dietary covariates.ResultsPAEE was inversely associated with body-fatness in women (beta=-0.16 (95%CI: −0.17; −0.15) BF% per kJ·day-1·kg-1) and men (beta=−0.09 (95%CI: −0.10; −0.08) BF% per kJ·day-1·kg-1). Intensity composition was significantly associated with body-fatness, beyond that of PAEE; the reallocation of energy to vigorous physical activity (>6 METs) from other intensities was associated with less body-fatness, whereas light activity (1.5-3 METs) was positively associated. However, light activity was the main driver of overall PAEE volume, and the relative importance of intensity was marginal compared to that of volume; the difference between PAEE in tertile 1 and 2 in women was associated with 3 percentage-point lower BF%. Higher vigorous physical activity in the same group to the maximum observed value was associated with 1 percentage-point lower BF%.ConclusionsIn this large, population-based cohort study with objective measures, PAEE was inversely associated with body-fatness. Beyond the PAEE association, greater levels of intense activity were also associated with lower body-fatness. This contribution was marginal relative to PAEE. These findings support current guidelines for obesity prevention which emphasise moving more over the specific intensity or duration of that activity.

scholarly journals Joint associations between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with body fatness: the Fenland study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lindsay ◽  
Katrien Wijndaele ◽  
Kate Westgate ◽  
Paddy Dempsey ◽  
Tessa Strain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Light Activity ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Objectively Measured Physical Activity

Abstract Background/Objectives Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) represents the total volume of all physical activity. This can be accumulated as different underlying intensity profiles. Although volume and intensity have been studied in isolation, less is known about their joint association with health. We examined this association with body fatness in a population-based sample of middle-aged British adults. Methods In total, 6148 women and 5320 men from the Fenland study with objectively measured physical activity from individually calibrated combined heart rate and movement sensing and DXA-derived body fat percentage (BF%) were included in the analyses. We used linear and compositional isocaloric substitution analysis to examine associations of PAEE and its intensity composition with body fatness. Sex-stratified models were adjusted for socio-economic and dietary covariates. Results PAEE was inversely associated with body fatness in women (beta = −0.16 (95% CI: −0.17; −0.15) BF% per kJ day−1 kg−1) and men (beta = −0.09 (95% CI: −0.10; −0.08) BF% per kJ day−1 kg−1). Intensity composition was significantly associated with body fatness, beyond that of PAEE; the reallocation of energy to vigorous physical activity (>6 METs) from other intensities was associated with less body fatness, whereas light activity (1.5–3 METs) was positively associated. However, light activity was the main driver of overall PAEE volume, and the relative importance of intensity was marginal compared to that of volume; the difference between PAEE in tertile 1 and 2 in women was associated with 3 percentage-point lower BF%. Higher vigorous physical activity in the same group to the maximum observed value was associated with 1 percentage-point lower BF%. Conclusions In this large, population-based cohort study with objective measures, PAEE was inversely associated with body fatness. Beyond the PAEE association, greater levels of intense activity were also associated with lower body fatness. This contribution was marginal relative to PAEE. These findings support current guidelines for physical activity which emphasise that any movement is beneficial, rather than specific activity intensity or duration targets.

scholarly journals Association between Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Arterial Stiffness in Children with Congenital Heart Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3266
Author(s):  
Laura Willinger ◽  
Leon Brudy ◽  
Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz ◽  
Peter Ewert ◽  
Jan Müller
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Objectively Measured

Background: The association between physical activity (PA) and arterial stiffness is particularly important in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) who are at risk for arterial stiffening. The aim of this study was to examine the association between objectively measured PA and arterial stiffness in children and adolescents with CHD. Methods: In 387 children and adolescents with various CHD (12.2 ± 3.3 years; 162 girls) moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed with the “Garmin vivofit jr.” for 7 consecutive days. Arterial stiffness parameters including pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) were non-invasively assessed by oscillometric measurement via Mobil-O-Graph®. Results: MVPA was not associated with PWV (ß = −0.025, p = 0.446) and cSBP (ß = −0.020, p = 0.552) in children with CHD after adjusting for age, sex, BMI z-score, peripheral systolic blood pressure, heart rate and hypertensive agents. Children with CHD were remarkably active with 80% of the study population reaching the WHO recommendation of average 60 min of MVPA per day. Arterial stiffness did not differ between low-active and high-active CHD group after adjusting for age, sex, BMI z-score, peripheral systolic blood pressure, heart rate and hypertensive agents (PWV: F = 0.530, p = 0.467; cSBP: F = 0.843, p = 0.359). Conclusion: In this active cohort, no association between PA and arterial stiffness was found. Longer exposure to the respective risk factors of physical inactivity might be necessary to determine an impact of PA on the vascular system.

scholarly journals Associations of the serum long-chain n-3 PUFA and hair mercury with resting heart rate, peak heart rate during exercise and heart rate recovery after exercise in middle-aged men

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Tajik ◽  
Sudhir Kurl ◽  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ◽  
Kai Savonen ◽  
Jyrki K. Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Hair Mercury ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractLong-chain n-3 PUFA from fish have been associated with lower risk of CVD. Fish may also contain methylmercury, which may attenuate the inverse associations of the long-chain n-3 PUFA. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations are not fully known. We evaluated the associations of the serum long-chain n-3 PUFA (EPA, DPA and DHA) and hair Hg with resting heart rate (HR), peak HR during cycle ergometer exercise and HR recovery after exercise. A total of 1008 men from the population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, aged 42–60 years and free of CVD, were studied. After multivariate-adjustments in ANCOVA, higher serum total long-chain n-3 PUFA concentration was associated with lower resting HR (extreme-quartile difference 2·2 beats/min; 95 % CI 0·2, 4·1, Ptrend across quartiles=0·02), but not with peak HR or HR recovery. Associations were generally similar when EPA, DPA and DHA were evaluated individually, except for DPA, which was also associated with better HR recovery after exercise (extreme-quartile difference 2·1 beats/min; 95 % CI 0·1, 4·2, Ptrend=0·06). Higher hair Hg content had a trend towards lower peak HR after adjusting for the long-chain n-3 PUFA (Ptrend=0·05), but it only slightly attenuated the associations of the serum long-chain n-3 PUFA with HR. These findings suggest that higher serum long-chain n-3 PUFA concentrations are associated with lower resting HR in middle-aged men from Eastern Finland, which may partially explain the potential cardioprotective effect of fish intake.

249 Overnight heart rate variability depends on age, gender, and day of the week: a field observation using a smart bed platform

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A100-A101
Author(s):  
Shawn Barr ◽  
Kwanghyun Sohn ◽  
Gary Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Broad Interest

Abstract Introduction Heart rate variability (HRV) is commonly used to assess the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). ANS function changes, reflected in HRV, result from factors including lifestyle, aging, cardiorespiratory illnesses, sleep state, and physiological stress. Despite broad interest in HRV, few studies have established normative overnight HRV values for a large population. To better understand population level HRV changes, ecologically-valid, overnight sleep SDNN (standard deviation of all normal heartbeat intervals, lower HRV is reflected by lower SDNN) values have been analyzed for a large sample of Sleep Number 360 smart bed users. Methods Overnight SDNN values were obtained over the course of 18.2M sleep sessions from 379,225 sleepers (48 ± 14.7 sessions/user). 50.9 percent of sleepers were female. The age was normally distributed with mean ± SD of 52.8 ± 12.7 years (range 21 to 84). Heartbeat intervals used to compute SDNN were extracted from a ballistocardiogram (BCG). BCG-based HRV estimation during sleep has previously been validated against ECG-based HRV with an R-square of 0.5. Results Using a Generalized Linear Model, significant cross-sectional associations with SDNN were observed for three variables of interest: age, gender, and day-of-the-week. For sleepers under 50, SDNN declined at a rate of about 2.1 ms/year, then leveled off for sleepers aged 50-65, and increased slightly thereafter. Women under 50 displayed lower, more slowly declining, SDNN values than men, but this trend reversed for sleepers over 50. Throughout the week, SDNN values followed a U-shaped (women) or L-shaped (men) pattern, where values were highest during the weekend and lowest at mid-week. Conclusion Using a smart bed to unobtrusively measure overnight SDNN values for a large set of sleepers in an ecologically valid environment, reveals significant effects of age, gender, and day of the week on overnight SDNN. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Population-Based Estimates of Physical Activity for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cautionary Tale of Potential Confounding by Weight Status

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Plotnikoff ◽  
Steven T. Johnson ◽  
Constantinos A. Loucaides ◽  
Adrian E. Bauman ◽  
Nandini D. Karunamuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

At a population level, the method used to determine those meeting physical activity guidelines has important implications, as estimating “sufficient” physical activity might be confounded by weight status. The objective of this study was to test the difference between three methods in estimating the prevalence of “sufficient activity” among Canadian adults with type 2 diabetes in a large population sample (N=1614) while considering the role of weight status as a potential confounder. Our results revealed that estimates of physical activity levels vary by BMI categories, depending on the methods examined. Although physical activity levels were lower in the obese, their energy expenditure estimates were not different from those who were overweight or of a healthy weight. The implications of these findings are that biased estimates of physical activity at a population level may result in inappropriate classification of adults with type 2 diabetes as “sufficiently active” and that the inclusion of body weight in estimating physical activity prevalence should be approached with caution.

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