scholarly journals Menstrual phase-dependent differences in neurobehavioral performance: the role of temperature and the progesterone/estradiol ratio

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilah K Grant ◽  
Joshua J Gooley ◽  
Melissa A St Hilaire ◽  
Shantha M W Rajaratnam ◽  
George C Brainard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Nighttime Light

Abstract Study objectives Women in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle exhibit better cognitive performance overnight than women in the follicular phase, although the mechanism is unknown. Given the link between core body temperature (CBT) and performance, one potential mechanism is the thermoregulatory role of progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), and their ratio (P4/E2), which change across the menstrual cycle. We examined the role of P4/E2 in modulating performance during extended wake in premenopausal women. Additionally, we compared the acute effects of nighttime light exposure on performance, CBT, and hormones between the menstrual phases. Methods Participants were studied during a 50 h constant routine and a 6.5 h monochromatic nighttime light exposure. Participants were 16 healthy, naturally cycling women (eight follicular; eight luteal). Outcome measures included reaction time, attentional failures, self-reported sleepiness, CBT, melatonin, P4, and E2. Results As compared to women in the luteal phase, women in the follicular phase exhibited worse performance overnight. CBT was significantly associated with performance, P4, and P4/E2 but not with other sex hormones. Sex hormones were not directly related to performance. Light exposure that suppressed melatonin improved performance in the follicular phase (n = 4 per group) to levels observed during the luteal phase and increased CBT but without concomitant changes in P4/E2. Conclusions Our results underscore the importance of considering menstrual phase when assessing cognitive performance during sleep loss in women and indicate that these changes are driven predominantly by CBT. Furthermore, this study shows that vulnerability to sleep loss during the follicular phase may be resolved by exposure to light.

scholarly journals Chorionic gonadotropin regulation of intracellular potassium levels in human blood immunocompetent cells, a role of phases of a menstrual cycle

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
S. V. Shirshev ◽  
O. G. Lyalina
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Immunocompetent Cells ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Monocytes And Lymphocytes

The effect of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) on intracellular po­tassium ion( [K+]) levels in human blood immunocompetent cells was studied by taking into account the phases of a menstrual cy­cle. CG was used in doses of 10, 50, and 100 IU/ml. Plasma photometry was used to measure the level of [K+] ‘ in the frac­tionated peripheral monocytes and lymphocytes from males, as well as from females in the late follicular and luteal phases of a menstrual cycle. CG used in a dose of 100 IU/ml was found to lower flCf in the monocytes and lymphocytes of males and in a dose of 50 IU in the lymphocytes of females in the luteal phase of a menstrual cycle. The hormone used in large doses stabilized the level of [K+] in both types of cell of female in the follicular phase. It is concluded that CG can modulate the level of [K+] in human peripheral blood immunocompetent cells, and the direc­tionality of its effects depends on a type of hormone-accepting cells and it is determined by a menstrual phase.

EVALUATION OF CHANGES IN CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS DURING DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE IN YOUNG WOMEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehnaz Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Granulose Cells ◽  
Efficiency Test

Introduction: Menstrual cycle or menstruation involved discharge of sanguinous fluid and a sloughing of uterine wall. In women menstruation occurs at regular intervals on an average of 28 days, although most women gave a history of regular intervals of 28 to 30 days. About 10% -15% of women showed cycle at the precise 28 ± 2 days intervals when menstrual calendar was utilized. Normally in young women in different phases of ovarian cycles the plasma levels of estrogen vary. Ovulation occurs in the first 12-13th day of menstrual cycle, which is termed estrogen surge and second occurs in mid-luteal phase. During mid cycle or follicular phase of menstrual cycle the plasma concentration of progesterone is very low about 0.9 ng/mL. its level starts rising owing to secretion from the granulose cells. During luteal phase progesterone level reaches its peak value of 18 ng/mL and its level fall to a minimum value toward the end of the cycle. Estrogen affects local and systemic vasodilation. The menstrual cycle envelops two fundamental stages, the follicular stage (FP) and the luteal stage (LP). The follicular stage can part advance into two substages; the early FP, which is characterised with moo concentrations of both the key hormones estrogen and progesterone; and the mid FP where estrogen is tall autonomously from progesterone. The LP is epitomized by tall concentration of both estrogen and progesterone. These two fundamental stages are isolated by a soak surge in luteinizing hormone activating ovulation. These recurrent changes are said to be frequency unsurprising while long time. Aim: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the Cardiorespiratory functions changes during different Phases of Menstrual Cycle.   Material and methods: In this study, 20 with normal weight, 20 with obese and 20 with overage were included and taken them as a sample size. In this study all the young women those were recruited as a sample size are unmarried, undergraduate female student with the between the age group of 18-22years, having regular 28+6 days menstrual cycle for at least last 6months prior to this study. For the collection of data all the participants were instructed to attend the physiology lab department during each of three different phases. Day-2 during menstrual phase, Day-7, during follicular phase and Day-22 during luteal phase and the following parameters were recorded as Anthropometric measurements, measuring of pulse rate and blood pressure and cardiac efficiency test. Result: In general, work out proficiency changed essentially amid the distinctive stages of the menstrual cycle with the most elevated amid luteal stage and least amid menstrualo stage. There was no critical contrast in impact test amid menstrual stage, follicular stage and luteal stage of menstrual cycle among three bunches of people. Conclusion: We have watched noteworthy increment in cardiac and respiratory proficiency within the luteal stage of the menstrual cycle in ordinary weight people. Lower wellness levels were watched in overweight and stout females. In this manner hone of customary work out and admissions of solid slim down which offer assistance in lessening the weight and in turn the BMI will offer assistance in improving the physical wellness of the people. Keywords: Cardiorespiratory, Menstrual cycle, expiratory blast test

scholarly journals Menstrual Cycle and Surgical Treatment of Breast Cancer: Findings From the NCCTG N9431 Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 3620-3626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive S. Grant ◽  
James N. Ingle ◽  
Vera J. Suman ◽  
Daniel A. Dumesic ◽  
D. Lawrence Wickerham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Menstrual History

Purpose For nearly two decades, multiple retrospective reports, small prospective studies, and meta-analyses have arrived at conflicting results regarding the value of timing surgical intervention for breast cancer on the basis of menstrual cycle phase. We present the results of a multi–cooperative group, prospective, observational trial of menstrual cycle phase and outcome after breast cancer surgery, led by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) in collaboration with the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG). Patients and Methods Premenopausal women age 18 to 55 years, who were interviewed for menstrual history and who were surgically treated for stages I to II breast cancer, had serum drawn within 1 day of surgery for estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone levels. Menstrual history and hormone levels were used to determine menstrual phase: luteal, follicular, and other. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were determined by Kaplan-Meier method and were compared by using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard modeling. Results Of 1,118 women initially enrolled, 834 women comprised the study cohort: 230 (28%) in luteal phase; 363 (44%) in follicular phase; and 241 grouped as other. During a median follow-up of 6.6 years, and in analysis that accounted for nodal disease, estrogen receptor status, adjuvant radiation therapy or chemotherapy, neither DFS nor OS differed with respect to menstrual phase. The 5-year DFS rates were 82.7%, 82.1%, and 79.2% for follicular, luteal, or other phases, respectively. Corresponding OS survival rates were 91.9%, 92.2%, and 91.8%, respectively. Conclusion When menstrual cycle phases were strictly defined, neither DFS nor OS differed between women who underwent surgery during the follicular phase versus the luteal phase. Nearly 30% of the patients did not meet criteria for either follicular- or luteal-phase categories.

scholarly journals Aggression predicts Cortisol Awakening Response in healthy young adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Sariñana-González ◽  
Sara Vitoria-Estruch ◽  
Ángel Romero-Martínez ◽  
Luis Moya-Albiol
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Do So

Few studies have examined therelationship between the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and aggression inhealthy youth adults. This study analyzes this relationship in 83 women (38 inluteal phase and 45 in follicular phase of menstrual cycle) and 20 men.Salivary-free cortisol measures of the CAR were obtained immediately followingawakening and 30, 45, and 60 minutes afterwards. Additionally, participantscompleted a self-report of aggression. Men presented lower levels of CAR thanwomen in luteal phase. Men were also liable to present more physical aggressionthan women, independently of their menstrual phase. General aggression andspecifically verbal aggression are predictors of CAR in men. In women, verbalaggression predicts CAR during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle;whereas anger and physical aggression do so during the luteal phase. CAR may beused as a valid marker of proneness to aggression – but must be considered differentlydepending on gender and menstrual cycle of women. This study offers relevantinformation on the hormonal bases of aggression and so contributes to theliterature on alleviating problems related to violence.

Serum and urinary concentrations of sex hormones and genital swelling during the menstrual cycle of the gibbon

1993 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Nadler ◽  
J. F. Dahl ◽  
D. C. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Multimale Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Monitoring Progress ◽  
Female Genital

ABSTRACT The relationship between sex hormone concentrations and female genital swelling during the menstrual cycle in the monogamous gibbon was comparable with that of polygamous female primates, such as the chimpanzee, which live in multimale groups and have larger swellings. The data, therefore, support the hypothesis proposed by C. R. Carpenter more than 50 years ago, that the gibbon's genital swelling, like that of other female primates, reflects basic physiological processes associated with progress of the menstrual cycle. Genital swelling increased during the follicular phase with increasing concentrations of oestradiol and oestrone glucuronide, reached maximal swelling in association with the mid-cycle peaks in the oestrogens and LH and began detumescence with the initial increases in progesterone during the luteal phase. The data also suggest that the menstrual cycle of the gibbon is shorter than previously reported, since cycles of 19–22 days exhibited hormone patterns that are consistent with ovulation. The genital swelling of the female gibbon is a useful marker for monitoring progress of the menstrual cycle and the presumptive time of ovulation. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 447–455

scholarly journals Correlation Differences between Sex and Stress Hormones in Men And Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-331
Author(s):  
L. D. Popova ◽  
I. M. Vasylyeva ◽  
O. A. Nakonechna
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Sympathoadrenal System ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Positive Correlations

The excessive aggression is an actual problem of modern society but the mechanisms of aggressiveness development have not been sufficiently investigated. Women aggression is considered to differ from men one and results obtained on males cannot be extrapolated on females. Sex hormones have a crucial role in the generation of sexually dimorphic aggression circuits during development and their maintenance during adulthood. Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and sympathoadrenal system are major neuroendocrine systems that respond to stress. Stress hormones are involved into behavioral reactions of organism. Gonadal, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axes, and sympathoadrenal system are tightly interrelated and every of them can influence another one. The purpose of the study was to estimate correlation differences between sex and stress hormones in men and women. Material and methods. Forty healthy young people aged 18 to 22 years with a body mass index of 19-24 (21 women and 19 men) were enrolled in the study. Hormone levels in blood serum were determined by Testosterone, Estradiol, Cortisol ELISA kits (Italy), Epinephrine/Norepinephrine (EPI) ELISA kit (China). Results and discussion. In all phases of the menstrual cycle, the level of cortisol in women was lower than in men, but in the luteal phase these differences were not statistically significant. In all phases of the menstrual cycle, the blood serum norepinephrine content in women was lower than in men, but in the follicular phase these differences were not statistically significant. The level of epinephrine in women during ovulation and luteal phase did not differ from the level of epinephrine in men, but in follicular phase it was significantly lower. Calculations of correlations between individual hormones revealed a significant difference between them in men and women. Positive correlations between testosterone and estradiol and between cortisol and epinephrine; a strong negative correlation between epinephrine and testosterone/norepinephrine ratio were found in men. Positive correlation between testosterone and cortisol and negative correlation between estradiol and cortisol/testosterone ratio were revealed in women. Conclusion. In women, strong correlations were found between cortisol and sex hormones; in men, strong interrelationship was revealed between cortisol and epinephrine. Both in men and in women (in all phases of the menstrual cycle), high positive correlations between testosterone/norepinephrine and cortisol/norepinephrine ratios were observed

scholarly journals PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN IN DEPENDENCE ON THE OVARIOHORMONAL CYCLE PHASE AND PROGESTERONE ACTIVITY (PART 1)

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Muravlyova ◽  
O. I. Kuzminova ◽  
S. E. Petrova ◽  
M. V. Skoraya ◽  
O. M. Bazanova
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Emotional Tension ◽  
Subject Design

With the aim to identify the effects of menstrual cycle phase on the cognitive and psycho-emotional characteristics in 78 women aged 18–27 years were studied in a within-subject design Half the subjects began during their follicular phase and half began during their luteal phase (LP). The level of psycho-emotional tension was lowest, but cognitive performance efficiency is a highest in LP that is associated with the highest saliva progesterone level.

scholarly journals Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Blood Markers of Muscle Damage and Inflammation Following Eccentric Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1618
Author(s):  
Nuria Romero-Parra ◽  
Laura Barba-Moreno ◽  
Beatriz Rael ◽  
Víctor M. Alfaro-Magallanes ◽  
Rocío Cupeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Post Trial ◽  
Factor Α

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the menstrual cycle and its underlying hormonal fluctuations affect muscle damage and inflammation in well-trained females following an eccentric exercise. Nineteen eumenorrheic women performed an eccentric squat-based exercise in the early follicular phase, late follicular phase and mid-luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. Sex hormones and blood markers of muscle damage and inflammation –creatine kinase, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-6, tumoral necrosis factor-α, and C reactive protein– were analyzed in each phase. No effect of menstrual cycle phase was observed (p > 0.05), while an interaction for interleukin-6 was shown (p = 0.047). Accordingly, a moderate effect size [0.68 (0.53)–0.84 (0.74)], indicated that interleukin-6 values 2 h post-trial (2.07 ± 1.26 pg/mL) were likely to be higher than baseline (1.59 ± 0.33 pg/mL), 24 h (1.50 ± 0.01 pg/mL) and 48 h (1.54 ± 0.13 pg/mL) in the mid-luteal phase. Blood markers of muscle damage and inflammation were not affected by the menstrual cycle in well-trained women. The eccentric exercise barely triggered muscle damage and hence, no inflammation was observed, possibly due to participants training status. The mid-luteal phase was the only phase reflecting a possible inflammatory response in terms of interleukin-6, although further factors than sex hormones seem to be responsible for this finding.

Light Exposure, Melatonin Secretion, and Menstrual Cycle Parameters: An Integrative Review

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Lee Barron
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Melatonin Secretion ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Current State ◽  
Dark Exposure

Dysfunction in menstrual physiology has pronounced effects on quality of life, involving mood changes, body image, infertility, and pregnancy complications. Light exposure may affect menstrual cycles and symptoms through the influence of melatonin secretion. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the current state of knowledge about the effects of light and melatonin secretion on menstrual phase and cycle alterations. A brief overview of the influence of melatonin on human physiology is included. There is evidence of a relationship between light exposure and melatonin secretion and irregular menstrual cycles, menstrual cycle symptoms, and disordered ovarian function. In women with a psychopathology such as bipolar disorder or an endocrinopathy such as polycystic ovary syndrome, there seems to be greater vulnerability to the influence of light—dark exposure. Research on the complex role of light—dark exposure in menstrual physiology has implications for treatment of menstrual-associated disorders.

Manipulation of inhibin during the luteal-follicular phase transition of the primate menstrual cycle fails to affect FSH secretion

1994 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
H M Fraser ◽  
C G Tsonis
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Negative Feedback Control

Abstract The pattern of inhibin concentrations in blood during the menstrual cycle in primates has suggested an endocrine role of inhibin in the negative feedback control of FSH secretion during the luteal phase. Conversely, the fall in inhibin during the late luteal phase may play a role in the rise in serum FSH during the luteal-follicular phase transition. This hypothesis was examined by determining the effects of manipulation of inhibin on FSH secretion in stumptailed macaques. During the mid-luteal phase the putative inhibin feedback was inhibited by i.v. administration of 20 ml of ovine antiserum to human recombinant inhibin in 4 macaques. FSH secretion was unaffected during the initial 24 h period post-treatment and the timing of the rise in FSH which occurred during the subsequent luteal-follicular phase transition was normal. To determine whether the elevated serum concentrations of FSH observed during the early follicular phase could be reduced by administration of inhibin, 5 cyclic macaques were treated with 200 μg of recombinant human inhibin i.v. Serum FSH concentrations were unaltered. These results suggest that inhibin does not play a major role in modulating FSH secretion during the luteal-follicular phase transition. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 142, 181–186

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