scholarly journals P090 The Effect of Workload, Sleep Deprivation and Time of Day on Simulated Driving Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A50-A50
Author(s):  
I Marando ◽  
R Matthews ◽  
L Grosser ◽  
C Yates ◽  
S Banks
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Subjective Workload ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index

Abstract Sustained operations expose individuals to long work periods, which deteriorates their ability to sustain attention. Biological factors, including sleep deprivation and time of day, have been shown to play a critical role in the ability to sustain attention. However, a gap in the literature exists regarding external factors, such as workload. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of sleep deprivation, time of day, and workload on sustained attention. Twenty-one participants (18–34y, 10 F) were exposed to 62 hours of sleep deprivation within a controlled laboratory environment. Every 8 hours, sustained attention was measured using a 30-minute monotonous driving task, and subjective workload was measured using the NASA-Task Load Index (TLX). Workload, defined as time on task was assessed by splitting the drive into two 15-minute loops. A mixed model ANOVA revealed significant main effects of day (sleep deprivation) and time of day on lane deviation, number of crashes, speed deviation and time outside the safe zone (all p<.001). There was a significant main effect of workload (time on task) on lane deviation (p=.042), indicating that a longer time on task resulted in greater lane deviation. NASA-TLX scores significantly increased with sleep deprivation (p<.001), indicating that subjective workload increased with sleep loss even though the task remained constant. Workload, sleep deprivation and time of day produced a deterioration in sustained attention. With this, countermeasures that not only consider sleep deprivation and time of day, but also workload (time on task) can be considered.

scholarly journals 0299 Total Sleep Deprivation and Time on Task: Not the Same for Sustained Attention and Executive Processes and Poor Benefit of Caffeine

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A113-A113
Author(s):  
M Erblang ◽  
M Quiquempoix ◽  
A Vergez ◽  
P Van Beers ◽  
M Guillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
Sleep Debt ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Mental Fatigue is commonly questioned regarding time on task or sleep debt effect (Hockey, 2013; Pattyn et al., 2018) or sleep debt effect (Krause et al., 2017). No studies have neither investigated contributions of these two factors for different cognitive processes nor benefit of caffeine. Methods 24 right-handed and healthy subjects (18–50 years old), with a median chronotype and sleep need participated in a 2-experimental counter-balanced (placebo: PBO and caffeine: COFFEE - 2.5 mg/kg) total sleep deprivation protocol (TSD = 27 hours of continuous wakefulness). Subjective sleepiness (KSS), sustained attention (PC-PVT), inhibition (Go-NoGo) and working memory (2N-Back) capabilities were tested each morning during BASE and TSD (10 min. test session from 9:15 am to 10:15 am). Caffeine was ingested with a decaffeinated drink at 8:30 am. Results KSS score (5.6±0.4 vs 3.2±0.3; p<0.001), number of Lapses (9.8±1.7 vs 0.4±0.2; p<0.001), mean response time (RT: 308±4.9 vs 260±9.4; p<0.001) in PVT, errors of commission (6.4±0.4 vs 3.1±0.3; p<0.01) and mean response time (RT: 336±24 vs 301±13; p<0.01) in Go-NoGo were significantly higher after TSD compared to BASE. Neither significant difference in the proportion of correct responses (CR: 0.92±0.015 vs 0.90±0.014; p>0.15) nor RT (592±49 vs 640±28 ms, p > 0,11), were observed in the 2N-Back task. Further analyses showed different TOT x TSD interaction for PVT (after 3 min of task engagement), Go-NoGo (after 6 min) and 2N-Back (after 8 min). Number of Lapses was significantly but partially reduced (5.8±0.4 vs 9.8±1.7; p<0.01) in COFFEE condition compared with PBO with more aversive effects for Go-NoGo errors and 2N-Back BR. Conclusion Our results are in accordance with previous studies showing differential kinetic of cognitive deficits under TSD, limited benefit of sleep banking and regular physical activity (Arnal et al., 2015; Rabat et al., 2019; Sauvet et al., 2019) and no benefit of caffeine on executive processes (Gottsellig et coll., 2006; Killgore et coll., 2007, 2012). Keywords: TSD, TOT, Attention, Executive, Caffeine. Support Grants from the French General Directorate for Armament (Contract Number: SAN-1–509).

An Evaluation of Sleepiness, Performance, and Workload Among Operators During a Real-Time Reactive Telerobotic Lunar Mission Simulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110567
Author(s):  
Zachary Glaros ◽  
Robert E. Carvalho ◽  
Erin E. Flynn-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Performance Impact ◽  
Neurobehavioral Performance ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Lunar Mission ◽  
Mission Simulation

Objective We assessed operator performance during a real-time reactive telerobotic lunar mission simulation to understand how daytime versus nighttime operations might affect sleepiness, performance, and workload. Background Control center operations present factors that can influence sleepiness, neurobehavioral performance, and workload. Each spaceflight mission poses unique challenges that make it difficult to predict how long operators can safely and accurately conduct operations. We aimed to evaluate the performance impact of time-on-task and time-of-day using a simulated telerobotic lunar rover to better inform staffing and scheduling needs for the upcoming Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER) mission. Methods We studied seven trained operators in a simulated mission control environment. Operators completed two five-hour simulations in a randomized order, beginning at noon and midnight. Performance was evaluated every 25 minutes using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, Psychomotor Vigilance Task, and NASA Task Load Index. Results Participants rated themselves as sleepier (5.06 ± 2.28) on the midnight compared to the noon simulation (3.12 ± 1.44; p < .001). Reaction time worsened over time during the midnight simulation but did not vary between simulations. Workload was rated higher during the noon (37.93 ± 20.09) compared to the midnight simulation (32.09 ± 21.74; p = .007). Conclusion Our findings suggest that work shifts during future operations should be limited in duration to minimize sleepiness. Our findings also suggest that working during the day, when distractions are present, increases perceived workload. Further research is needed to understand how working consecutive shifts and taking breaks within a shift influence performance.

scholarly journals 0632 Time of Day and Time on Task Effects on Working Memory and Sleepiness of Bus Drivers

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A252-A252
Author(s):  
Maryam Maghsoudipour ◽  
Ramin Moradi ◽  
Mostafa Pouyakian ◽  
Mehdi Yaseri ◽  
Sara Moghimi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Epworth Sleepiness Scale ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Abstract Introduction Fatigue and sleepiness have direct effects on vigilance, and cognitive functions of drivers. The objective of this study was to analyze individual bus drivers' characteristics and work shift parameters and relation to the working memory performance and sleepiness. Methods This prospective study was conducted on 35 inter-city bus drivers by convenience sampling. We collected data during the time span of a 24-hour round trip by using the demographic questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and reversed digit span memory test (part of the Wechsler-Adult Intelligence Test). A linear mixed model was used for statistic analysis. Results The mean (± SD) of Epworth Sleepiness Scale score was 6.4 (±2.7). 12.5% of drivers had excessive daytime sleepiness according to ESS results. The circadian effect of time of day on the drivers' working memories was statistically significant (P=0.001), and the working memory was minimum at 04:00 am (± 1). Additionally, the differences in sleepiness at different times of day were statistically significant (P=0.001); with the highest score at 04:00 am (± 1). Time on task and time of sleep parameters did not show a significant effect on working memory (p> 0.05). Time on task parameter affected sleepiness significantly (p=0.024). Conclusion The circadian factor was the most important predictor of cognitive performance compared to time on task (fatigue) and time of sleep. Although, time on task had a significant effect on sleepiness and sleepiness significantly decreased working memory. We conclude that optimizing the drivers' schedule is the most important intervention to optimize drivers' performance and increase road safety. Support (If Any) Not

scholarly journals An Adaptable Prosthetic Wrist Reduces Subjective Workload

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel R. Olsen ◽  
Jacob A. George ◽  
Mark R. Brinton ◽  
Michael D. Paskett ◽  
David T. Kluger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Prosthetic Hands ◽  
Subjective Workload ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMany presently available prostheses lack a functional wrist. To fill this niche and to better understand the impact a wrist has in prosthetic functionality, we designed a low-cost, adaptable, 3D-printable prosthetic wrist that can be adapted to various prosthetic hands and sockets. The wrist utilizes inexpensive but powerful servo motors to provide simultaneous and proportional control of two degrees of freedom: pronation/supination and flexion/extension or radial/ulnar deviation. Participants used both our wrist and a commercially available wrist (DEKA “LUKE” Arm) to complete a modified version of the clothespin relocation task with and without the wrists enabled. Through use of the NASA Task Load Index we found that both wrists significantly reduced the subjective workload associated with clothespin relocation task (p < 0.05). However, we found no significant difference in task completion speed, presumably due to compensation strategies. This inexpensive and adaptable prosthetic wrist can be used by amputees to reduce task workload, or by researchers to further explore the importance of wrist function.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Sleep Deprivation, Time of Day, and Driving Experience on a Driving Task

SLEEP ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Lenné ◽  
Thomas J. Triggs ◽  
Jennifer R. Redman
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Driving Task

Task-Specific Sex Differences in Vigilance Performance: Subjective Workload and Boredom

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1195-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Prinzel ◽  
Frederick G. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Subjective Workload ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index

Participants (24 men, 24 women) were asked to perform either a spatial or temporal vigilance task. Task-related Boredom and NASA-Task Load Index scores were collected. The results replicate Dittmar, Warm, Dember, and Ricks' 1993 finding of task-specific sex differences in vigilance performance and subjective workload. The present study also showed task-specific sex differences for boredom ratings. These results suggest that two explanations may account for the sex differences. More accurate perceptual discriminations may account for some of the differences in performance; however, sex differences in perceived boredom may more likely be responsible for the task-specific sex differences in vigilance performance and subjective workload.

The Effect of Information Overhead on Perceived Workload and Learning

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-670
Author(s):  
Diego Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Power Function ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index ◽  
Business Challenges ◽  
Mean Time

E-commerce sites today contain variety product information to inform shoppers about a company's products offerings. Although the number of attributes used to describe products depends on the product being described, attributes can be in the hundreds. One of the key business challenges is to maintain the ever increasing product information up-to-date. It is important that data management tools used for these tasks are efficient and easy to use. The present study describes the effect of information overhead on perceived workload. Participants were asked to create 20 different products using four different web prototypes that varied in content density and customization capability. Mean time on task over 20 trials was fit using a power function and perceived workload was collected using NASA Task Load Index. The results obtained indicate that unused information does increase perceived workload and negatively affect performance. Also, that UI customization can help reduce perceived workload and allow users to reach peak performance faster. Finally, participants performed faster and with higher satisfaction under the customization conditions.

scholarly journals Reaction of sleepiness indicators to partial sleep deprivation, time of day and time on task in a driving simulator - the DROWSI project

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
TORBJÖRN ÅKERSTEDT ◽  
MICHAEL INGRE ◽  
GÖRAN KECKLUND ◽  
ANNA ANUND ◽  
DAVID SANDBERG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Partial Sleep Deprivation

Measuring translation difficulty

Target ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjun Sun ◽  
Gregory M. Shreve
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Translation Difficulty ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index ◽  
Readability Formulas

The purpose of this study was to find a method to measure difficulty in a translation task. Readability formulas have been suggested to be a useful tool and yet this needs to be empirically tested. In this study, NASA Task Load Index, a multidimensional scale for measuring mental workload, was used to assess the level of translation difficulty for the translator. It was found that a text’s readability only partially accounts for its translation difficulty level. Translation quality score was found to be an unreliable indicator of translation difficulty level, while time-on-task was significantly, but weakly, related to translation difficulty level. A formula was developed to predict a text’s translation difficulty level for a translator by using the translator’s pre-translation rating.

scholarly journals Effects of thinking aloud on cognitive effort in translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjun Sun ◽  
Tian Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Thinking Aloud ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index

This study investigates the effects of thinking aloud on cognitive effort in translation as a function of source-text difficulty level. It does so by considering time on task, duration of different translation phases (i.e., orientation, draft, revision), cognitive effort of processing the source and target texts, and translation quality. Twenty participants took part in an English–Chinese translation experiment, which comprised two matched sessions – translating while thinking aloud and translating silently. Their translation processes were recorded by means of an eye tracker and a key logger. An adapted NASA Task Load Index was employed to elicit their subjective assessments of translation difficulty levels. The quality of their translations was evaluated. The results of the study reveal a number of important effects of thinking aloud on cognitive effort during translation: on translation duration, cognitive effort, the perceived level of difficulty of a translation as measured by NASA-TLX, and on translating easier texts.

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