scholarly journals The effects of fiber source on extrusion processing parameters and kibble characteristics of dry cat foods

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Antunes Donadelli ◽  
Hulya Dogan ◽  
Charles Gregory Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Chicken Fat ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Adult Cats

Abstract Cellulose and beet pulp have been commonly used in the pet food industry to increase the dietary fiber content of cat foods. However, pet food companies seek alternatives to these so-called byproducts. Miscanthus grass is grown for its fiber content and may serve as an alternative to traditional fibrous ingredients. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of fiber sources on extrusion processing and kibble structure of cat foods. Three replicate batches of a complete and balanced foods for adult cats at maintenance each containing 10% of Miscanthus grass, cellulose, or beet pulp was mixed and kibbles were produced on a single-screw extruder. Feed rate, preconditioner water and steam, extruder screw speed, extruder water and steam addition, and knife speed were adjusted to achieve a wet bulk density of 330 g/L. After extrusion, kibbles were dried at 115.5 ºC to less than 10% moisture. Dried kibbles were coated with chicken fat and flavor enhancer. No effects due to fiber source were reported for extrusion parameters or kibble measurements (P > 0.05) with the exception of compression energy, wherein kibbles produced with cellulose required more energy to compress than those containing beet pulp (6,917 N mm vs. 3,591 N mm, respectively). In conclusion, tested fiber sources had no impact on extrusion parameters and most kibble characteristics. Kibbles containing cellulose required more energy to compress than kibbles containing beet pulp. Miscanthus grass could be used as an alternative to traditional fiber sources used to produce cat foods.

scholarly journals Physical characteristics of extrudates from corn semolina flavored with cocoa shells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nesho Toshkov ◽  
Apostol Simitchiev ◽  
Vencislav Nenov
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Absorption Index ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Feed Screw ◽  
Full Factorial

Extrusion of corn semolina milled with cocoa shells using a single screw extruder “BRABENDER 20 DN” was carried out. Full factorial experimental 22 was used to investigate the effects of the quantity of cocoa shells and moisture of the material on the water absorption index (WAI) and water solubility index (WSI). Working screw speed and feed screw speed were fixed at 200 and 40 rpm, respectively. Compression ratio of the screw was fixed at 4:1. Temperatures of the first, second and third zone were 150, 155 and 160 °C. Water absorption index values range were between 6.71 and 7.6 g/g and the water solubility index between 25.38 and 35.33 %. The increase in moisture content and quantity of cocoa shells leads to an increase in water absorption index and a decrease in water solubility index. Practical applications: Cocoa shells in an amount of up to 10% can be used in the production of extrudates by mixing with corn semolina. Water absorption index values range between 6.71 and 7.6 g/g and the water solubility index between 25.38 and 35.33 %. The resulting regression models can be used to optimize the process. In general, results show that cocoa shells can be mixed with corn semolina for the production of extrudates, which allows us to recommend extrusion processing of cocoa shells as an alternative technology in utilization processing of raw cocoa materials.

scholarly journals Physical-chemical characterization of pre-cooked mixed rice flour and barley bagasse

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Diego Palmiro Ramirez Ascheri ◽  
Luis Henrique Cavalcante ◽  
José Luis Ramírez Ascheri ◽  
Carlos Wanderlei Piler de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Water Adsorption ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Composite Flours ◽  
Pasting Temperature

The extrusion processing parameters, chemical composition and water content of the flour mixture may affect the structure of rice flour, leading to products with different rheological behavior and hygroscopicity. Therefore, this work aimed to study the rheological properties and water adsorption of mixed flours of broken rice and barley bagasse obtained by extrusion cooking. Samples were prepared from a mixture of grits/bagasse between 82/18 and 73/27 (w/w) with water content between 18.04 and 26.96%, using a single screw extruder. The rheological properties of the extruded flour were determined by a rapid viscosity analyzer to evaluate the cooking profile of the pastes by observing the pasting temperature, maximum viscosity, breakdown and retrogradation. The adsorption process was performed by weighing the samples stored at temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 45 °C with water activity between 0.112 and 0.973. The isotherms were fitted using the following mathematical models: Halsey, Oswin, Smith, GAB and Peleg. The extruded composite flours were characterized by their lack of initial viscosity. The pasting temperature (40-67 °C), maximum viscosity (690-1146 cP), breakdown viscosity (0-175 cP) and retrogradation (613-1382 cP) were lower than for raw rice flour. The Peleg equation fitted well to the water adsorption data and can be used to represent the sigmoidal type II shape of the water adsorption isotherms for the extruded mixed flours from rice grits and barley bagasse.

Influence of Helical Grooved Structure on Mixing Process in a Single Screw Extruder

2013 ◽  
Vol 561 ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Groove Depth ◽  
Isothermal Flow ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Polymer Extrusion ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Mixing Performance ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
Single Screw Extruder

Mixing performance is an important consideration in polymer extrusion processing. Besides a variety of mixing elements used in the extrusion industry, barrel also plays an important role to improve the mixing performance of the extrusion. The influence of helical grooved structure in inner wall of traditional single-extruder barrel on mixing process was investigated by using numerical simulation. POLYFLOW was used to calculate the 3D isothermal flow fields and mixing process of PVC-R in a single screw extruder with and without helical grooved barrel. Mixing performance of PVC-R in these two different structures was studied comparably. It was found that it could improve the mixing performance by helical grooved structure in the barrel, but a suitable groove depth of the helically grooved barrel should be calculated in order to avoid the extrusion throughput.

Effect of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fiber on Mechanical Properties of HDPE/EVA/MMT/EFB Nanohybrid Biocomposite

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 618-623
Author(s):  
Siti Norsyarahah Che Kamarludin ◽  
Muhammad Syafiq Jainal ◽  
Suffiyana Akhbar ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohd Faizal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Work Study ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Single Screw Extruder

This work study the effect of empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber on mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact) of different formulation of HDPE/EVA/MMT/EFB nanohybrid biocomposite with present of 1.5 phr compatibilizer. The ratio of HDPE and EVA are fixed at 80 wt% and 20 wt% respectively. However, the nanoclay montmorillonite (MMT) was varied from 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 phr. Meanwhile EFB fiber was varied from 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt%. The HDPE/EVA/MMT/EFB blends were prepared by melt extrusion blending technique using a single screw extruder. Generally, the result found that by increasing of EFB fiber content, the tensile strength of HDPE/EVA/MMT/EFB nanohybrid biocomposite was declined. The highest tensile strength was given by formulation of HDPE/EVA/1 phr MMT without EFB fiber loading which is 29.064 MPa. Meanwhile the lowest tensile strength is given by formulation of HDPE/EVA/0.5 phr MMT with 50 wt% of EFB fiber which is 9.673 MPa. Similar trend also showed by the result of flexural strength obtained. In contrast, the value of tensile modulus is progressively increased with further increasing of EFB fiber content. The highest tensile modulus given by formulation of HDPE/EVA/1 phr MMT with reinforced of 50 wt% EFB fiber loading (694.53 MPa) whereas the lowest is given by HDPE/EVA/0.5 phr MMT with 10 wt% EFB fiber loading (290.76 MPa). Similar trend for the flexural modulus where further increasing of EFB fiber content, the flexural modulus is directly increasing. Unfortunately, for impact properties, reinforced of EFB fiber give resulted on the reduction of impact strength.

Determination of the phase structure of polymerblends by electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 492-493
Author(s):  
Dr. G. Kaemof
Keyword(s):  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

A mixture of polycarbonate (PC) and styrene-acrylonitrile-copolymer (SAN) represents a very good example for the efficiency of electron microscopic investigations concerning the determination of optimum production procedures for high grade product properties.The following parameters have been varied:components of charge (PC : SAN 50 : 50, 60 : 40, 70 : 30), kind of compounding machine (single screw extruder, twin screw extruder, discontinuous kneader), mass-temperature (lowest and highest possible temperature).The transmission electron microscopic investigations (TEM) were carried out on ultra thin sections, the PC-phase of which was selectively etched by triethylamine.The phase transition (matrix to disperse phase) does not occur - as might be expected - at a PC to SAN ratio of 50 : 50, but at a ratio of 65 : 35. Our results show that the matrix is preferably formed by the components with the lower melting viscosity (in this special case SAN), even at concentrations of less than 50 %.

The methodology of experimental research of the feed components extrusion process in order to improve its energy performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
E. M. Ratnikov ◽  
D. O. Milko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Mathematical Planning ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
Definition Of

Annotation Purpose. Development of a program and methods for conducting experimental studies of the extrusion process with the definition of parameters and modes of operation of the extruder to improve its energy performance. Methods. Methods of mathematical statistics, synthesis, analysis, description and modeling were used. Results. The application of mathematical methods, in particular mathematical planning, reduces the number of experiments several times, and allows to evaluate the role of influencing factors, obtain a mathematical model of the process and determine the optimal conditions for its parameters and modes, etc. Conclusions. The methodology for experimental studies of a screw extruder is presented with the necessary equipment and methodology for processing the obtained experimental data. A mathematical method of planning, which reduces the number of experiments several times, allows us to evaluate the role of factors affecting productivity and energy intensity is presented. Keywords: extruder, auger, nutrients, research methodology, extrusion, processing, feed.

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