scholarly journals Effects of supplementation of nonforage fiber source in diets with different starch levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion and microbial flora of Hu lambs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongqing Guo ◽  
Zhi lan Wang ◽  
Long Guo ◽  
Fadi Li ◽  
Fei Li
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fibrobacter Succinogenes ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Nutrient Digestion ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Dietary Starch

Abstract The objectives were to evaluate the effects of fiber source and dietary starch level on growth performance, nutrient digestion, rumen parameters and rumen bacteria in fattening Hu lambs. A total of 360 Hu lambs (BW = 24.72 ± 0.14 kg, 2 months old) were subjected to a 2×3 factorial arrangement. Lambs randomly assigned 6 treatments with 6 repetitions (10 lambs per repetition) of each treatment. Six treatments were formulated to include the fiber sources with three starch levels. The experiment lasted a 63 d. The amount of feed, orts and total feces were sampled on 42nd day of the experiment. Rumen fluid samples were collected after 2 h of morning feeding on day 56. Rumen contents were collected last day after the selected lambs were slaughtered. Increasing the starch content decreased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF, P = 0.005). Increasing the starch level increased the proportions of propionate (P = 0.002) and valerate (P = 0.001) and decreased the proportion of acetate (P < 0.001) and the ratio of acetate to propionate (P = 0.005). The abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes was affected by an interaction between the fiber source and the starch level (P < 0.001). Fibrobacter succinogenes tended to be greater in lambs fed SH than in lambs fed BP (P = 0.091), which was a greater in lambs fed high starch levels than in lambs fed low starch levels (P = 0.014). Increasing the starch level increased Streptococcus bovis abundance (P = 0.029) and decreased total bacteria (P = 0.025). At the genus level, increasing the starch level reduced the abundance of Butyrivibrio_2 (P = 0.020). Nevertheless, the final bodyweight (BW) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility were greater (P < 0.01) in lambs fed soybean hull (SH) than in lambs fed BP. The proportion of butyrate was greater (P = 0.005), while the rumen pH was lower (P = 0.001) in lambs fed beet pulp (BP) than in those fed SH. The abundances of Succiniclasticum, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Ruminococcus_1 and Christensenellaceae_R-7 were greater in lambs fed SH than in those fed BP (P < 0.050), whereas the abundance of Fibrobacter was lower (P = 0.011). The predominant microbial phyla in all of the groups were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Fibrobacteres. Changing the starch level for fiber sources mainly changed the rumen community in terms of the phylum and genus abundances. Lambs fed SH with low starch level increased the final BW without affecting TVFA concentrations.

scholarly journals PSVI-1 Effects of dietary nonforage fiber sources and starch levels on nutrition digestion and rumen fermentation of fattening Hu lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
Tongqing Guo ◽  
Fadi Li ◽  
Fei Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Soybean Hull ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Dietary Starch

Abstract The primary objectives of this experiment were to study the effects of fiber sources [beet pulp (BP) vs. soybean hull (SH)] and dietary starch levels [low = 22% dry matter (DM), medium = 25% DM, and high = 27% DM] on nutrition digestion, rumen parameters and rumen bacteria in fattening Hu lambs. A total of 360 Hu lambs were assigned a 2×3 factorial arrangements, including a 63-day experimental periods. Six diets were formulated to include two fiber sources and three starch levels, and the samples including feed, feces, rumen contents, and rumen fluids were collected in different experimental periods. Analysis of fiber sources and starch levels was performed using two-way ANOVA by SPSS software version 17.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, United States). The digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) declined in (P = 0.005) increasing starch contents. Increasing starch levels increased the concentrations of propionate (P = 0.002) and valerate (P = 0.001) and decreased the concentrations of acetate (P < 0.001) and the ratio of acetate/propionate (P = 0.005). At the genus level, increasing starch levels reduced the abundance of Butyrivibrio_2 (P = 0.020). Nevertheless, the ADF digestibility was greater (P < 0.01) in lambs fed SH than lambs fed BP. The concentrations of butyrate were higher (P = 0.005) while the rumen pH was less (P = 0.001) in lambs fed BP than those fed SH. Fiber sources influenced the abundance of Succiniclasticum, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Ruminococcus_1 and Christensenellaceae_R-7, which were higher in lambs fed SH compared with those fed BP (P < 0.05). In summary, the interaction of fiber sources and starch levels had no differences on growth performance, and lambs fed SH increased final BW compared lambs fed BP. Fiber sources mainly changed the abundance of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen community.

scholarly journals Substituting corn silage with reconstituted forage or nonforage fiber sources in the starter diets of Holstein calves: effects on performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 3046-3055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahryar Kargar ◽  
Meysam Kanani ◽  
Marzia Albenzio ◽  
Mariangela Caroprese
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration

Abstract We examined the effects of replacing corn silage (CS) with reconstituted alfalfa hay (AH) or beet pulp (BP) in the starter diet on the nutrient intake and digestibility, growth performance, rumen fermentation characteristics, selected blood metabolites, and health status in Holstein dairy calves. Newborn female calves (n = 54; 3 d of age; 39.8 ± 1.36 kg BW) were assigned randomly to 3 groups receiving starter diets containing CS [10% dry matter (DM) basis; CS diet) and reconstituted AH (10% DM, RAH diet) or BP (10% DM; RBP diet). The starter diets had the same nutrient composition and DM content. The calves were weaned on day 50 and the study continued until day 70. Nutrient intake, body weight (at weaning and at the end of the study), daily weight gain, feed efficiency, and body measurements (including heart girth, withers height, body length, body barrel, hip height, and hip width) were not affected by the diet (P > 0.05). Health-related variables including rectal temperature, fecal score, and general appearance score were not influenced by the diets (P > 0.05). During the postweaning period, apparent total tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, and crude protein were higher for RBP (P = 0.001); however, digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was lower in RAH compared with CS or RBP (P = 0.001). Daily amount of nutrient digestibility did not change across the diets (P > 0.05). Rumen fluid pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration and profile were not different across the diets after weaning (P > 0.05). Calves fed RAH or RBP had higher blood concentration of β-hydroxy butyric acid compared with CS only before weaning (P = 0.03). Blood albumin concentration was higher for RBP compared with CS or RAH during the preweaning (P = 0.006) and overall (P = 0.005) periods; however, it was lower for CS compared with RBP after weaning (P = 0.03). Concentration of other blood variables including glucose, blood urea N, total protein, and globulin did not change across the diets (P > 0.05). Calves, in general, were healthy, and replacing CS with RAH or RBP in the starter diet had no beneficial effect on their feed intake or growth performance indicating that CS and reconstituted AH or BP can be used interchangeably in dairy calf starter diets until 70 d of age, allowing dairy producers more choices in selecting the feed ingredients.

The effects of dietary fibre and starch concentrations on the response by dairy cows to body condition at calving

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Garnsworthy ◽  
G. P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Acid Determination

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary fibre and starch levels on the response to condition score at calving. Fifty-two cows were used over two winter feeding periods, with 24 and 28 different cows in each. Twelve weeks before their expected calving date, cows were paired and the level of feeding adjusted to attain mean condition scores at calving of 2·0 (T) and 3·5 (F) within pairs. At calving, pairs of cows were allocated to treatment HF or LF, giving four groups in total. Each day for the first 16 weeks of lactation, all cows were offered 10 kg dairy concentrate containing either high-fibre/low-starch (FHF and THF), or low-fibre/high-starch (FLF and TLF), 2 kg sugar-beet pulp and hay ad libitum. Two cows from each group were used to determine apparent digestibility of the whole diet each year, using chromium III oxide as a faecal marker. Eight steers were used to determine the degradabilities of dry matter, nitrogen and fibre in the two concentrates and to provide rumen fluid samples for volatile fatty acid determination.

scholarly journals Dietary factors influencing the digestion of starch in the rumen and small and large intestine of early weaned lambs

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
C. Fraser ◽  
R. N. B. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Dietary Starch ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

1. Lambs fitted with cannulas in the abomasum, terminal ileum and caecum were used to study the digestion of starch and dry matter when rations with high starch content were given. Polyethylene glycol was used as an indigestible reference substance.2. In Expt I reduction in level of feeding from an estimated ad lib. intake to 70% of this level reduced the amount of dietary starch escaping fermentation in the rumen from 6.8 to 4.4% of intake on a barley diet and from 12.8 to 7.7% on a diet consisting of 40% dried grass and 60 yo barley. Inclusion of 40% chopped dried grass in the diet increased the amount of dietary starch escaping fermentation in the rumen. There appeared to be a linear relationship between the concentrations of starch in abornasal and ilcal dry matter, indicating a limited capacity for starch digestion in the small intestine.3. In Expt 2 a barley diet was compared with diets based on flaked maize, ground maize or cracked maize. With these diets the percentage of dietary starch escaping fermentation in the rumen was respectively 6.2, 5.4, 12.1 and 142, showing that more starch escapes fermentation with uncooked maize diets than with barley diets.4. The molar proportions of volatile fatty acids produced by fermentation in the caecum were apparently influenced by the amount of starch passing to the intestines. The highest proportion of acetic acid (78%) was associated with 4.5% of starch in abomasal dry matter, and the lowest proportion (57%)was associated with 20.1% of starch in abomasal dry matter.5. The possible relationships between the extent of fermentation in the rumen and energy and nitrogen metabolism are discussed.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CORN CONDENSED DISTILLERS SOLUBLES (CCDS) ON RATION DIGESTIBILITY. NITROGEN/ENERGY UTILIZATION AND RUMEN FLUID CHARACTERISTICS OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
A. B. I. Udedibie ◽  
L. E. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Condensed Distillers Solubles ◽  
Balance Trials

Digestion and Balance trials were conducted with 18 lactating dairy cows in their 7-8 weeks of lactation using 7 day total collection to determine nitrogen and energy balance and digestibility of ration nutrients by lactating dairy cows fed three levels (0.8 and 16%) of corn condensed distillers solubles (CCDS). Cows were fed treatment rations for 4 weeks before collection. Following digestion and balance trials, rumen fluid samples were collected esophagially before feeding and 3 hours after feeding to determine the influence of CCDS on rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids. Corn condensed distilers solubles significantly (P<0.05) improved the digestibility of the neutral detergent fiber and ether extract but depressed the digestibility of the ash. Apparent nitrogen retention was significantly (P <0.05) lower for animals on 8% CCDS ration. There were no significant differences in energy utilization among groups. Corn condensed distilers soluble did not significantly affect rumen pH, but depressed rumen ammonia nitrogen. On molar percentage basis, animals on the 8% CCDS ration had significantly (P< 0.05) higher acetate in the rumen 3 hours after feeding. Other VFA remained relatively unaffected by treatments.  

scholarly journals Changes in the Fermentation and Bacterial Community by Artificial Saliva pH in RUSITEC System

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongqing Guo ◽  
Tao Guo ◽  
Yurong Cao ◽  
Long Guo ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fibrobacter Succinogenes ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Incubation Periods

The purpose of the study was to assess the artificial saliva (AS) pH on ruminal fermentation and rumen bacteria community in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) system. The experiment was performed in two treatments (low AS pH vs. high AS pH) with four replicates. The low AS pH was sustained by altering the composition of the AS (NaHCO3 from 9.8 to 1.96 g/L, Na2HPO4 from 9.3 to 1.86 g/L) according to McDougall's method. The diets were supplemented with 16 g basic diets with forage to the concentrate ratio of 50:50. The experiments were conducted over 13-day incubation periods, with 9 days adaption and 4 days sample collection. The results showed low AS pH decreased dry matter (DM) degradability (64.37 vs. 58.67%), organic matter (OM) degradability (64.38 vs. 59.32%), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability (46.87 vs. 39.94%), acid detergent fiber (ADF) degradability (38.16 vs. 31.13%), and crude protein (CP) degradability (70.33 vs. 62.99%), respectively. Compared with the high AS pH, the low AS pH increased the proportion of butyrate (P = 0.008) and decreased the proportion of propionate (P &lt; 0.001). At the bacteria community, the low AS pH increased the abundances of Spirochaetes (P = 0.001) and Synergistetes (P = 0.004) and decreased the Verrucomicrobia abundance (P = 0.004) in solid-associated bacteria. At the genus level, the low AS pH increased the abundance of Lactobacillus (P = 0.050) and decreased the abundance of Schwartzia (P = 0.002) in solid-associated bacteria. The abundances of Prevotellaceae_YAB2003_group (P = 0.040), Schwartzia (P = 0.002), and Ruminobacter (P = 0.043) were lower in the low AS pH group compared with the high AS pH group in liquid-associated bacteria. Low AS pH decreased the number of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes (P &lt; 0.001) both in the solid- and liquid-associated bacteria, respectively. The results of the present study included three groups of bacteria communities according to the different sensitives to rumen pH: the abundances of Lactobacillus, Succinivibrio, and Prevotella_7 are increased with decreasing AS pH; the amounts of R. albus, R. flavefaciens, F. succinogenes as well as the abundances of Schwartzia and Ruminobacter decreased with the reducing AS pH; the abundances of Selenomonas_1, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Succiniclasticum were not affected by the AS pH in RUSTITEC.

scholarly journals Effect of the Length of Oat Hay on Growth Performance, Health Status, Behavior Parameters and Rumen Fermentation of Holstein Female Calves

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Jianxin Xiao ◽  
Tianyu Chen ◽  
Gibson Maswayi Alugongo ◽  
Muhammad Zahoor Khan ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors ◽  
Daily Gain

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the length of oat hay on the performance, health, behavior, and rumen fermentation of dairy calves. For this purpose, two hundred and ten healthy two-day-old Holstein dairy calves were randomly allocated into three groups: basic diet (calf starter) without hay (CON), or a basic diet with oat hay at either long (OL: 10–12 cm) or short (OS: 3–5 cm) length cut. The basic diet was fed from day 4, while the hay was offered from day 14. All calves were weaned at day 56 and remained in their individual hutches till the end of the trial (day 70). Calf starter intake and fecal scores were recorded daily. Bodyweight, body size, and rumen fluid samples were collected biweekly before weaning and weekly after weaning. Overall, providing oat hay (OS and OL) in the diet increased the body weight, starter intake, and average daily gain compared to the CON group. Similarly, feeding oat hay improved rumen fermentation. More specifically, hay enhanced the rumen pH and changed the rumen fermentation type. Hay fed calves spent more time on rumination but less time performing abnormal behaviors compared to control. As it can be concluded, feeding oat hay to calves enhances the growth performance, rumen fermentation, and normal calf behaviors, implying improved animal welfare irrespective of the hay length.

Modification of the Neutral-Detergent Fiber Procedure for Cereals and Vegetables by Using α-Amylase

1979 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E Mcqueen ◽  
James W G Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Conventional Procedure ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Analytical Variation

Abstract Samples with a high starch content that were incubated at 40°C overnight (12-18 hr) in pH 7 buffer with bacterial α-amylase before determination of their neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) contents were easier to filter and had lower estimates of NDF and hemicellulose than when the conventional procedure was used. At neutral pH, bacterial a-amylase was more effective in this role than 2 common fungal amylase preparations. Pretreatment with pepsin at pH 1.8 also reduced the estimates of NDF content but some samples still proved difficult to filter. Bacterial α-amylase that was added during the initial step of the ccnventional procedure exhibited some activity even after boiling in neutral-detergent reagent for 30 min and promoted rapid filtration of the samples, but led to estimates that were higher than those obtained following overnight incubation at 40°C. The reported modification of incubating samples overnight with α-amylase promotes rapid filtration, and thereby gives more accurate NDF estimates and less analytical variation for samples of cereal grains and vegetables that have a high starch content.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document