scholarly journals Relationship between mask wearing, testing, and vaccine willingness among Los Angeles County adults during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Nok Lam ◽  
Cameron Kaplan ◽  
Sonali Saluja
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Mask wearing mitigates the spread of COVID-19; however, many individuals have not adopted the protective behavior. Purpose We examine mask wearing behavior during the height of the pandemic in Los Angeles County, and its association with COVID-19 testing and willingness to get vaccinated. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey using representative sampling between December 2020 and January 2021, through an online platform targeting Los Angeles County residents. Survey items include demographic characteristics, health conditions, access to health care, mask wearing, COVID-19 testing, exposure risk factors, and willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine. We performed logistic regression models to examine factors associated with always mask wearing. Results Of the analytic sample (n = 1,984), 75.3% reported always wearing a face mask when leaving home. Being a female, Asian or African American, or non-Republican resident, or having higher education, having poor or fair health, having a regular doctor, knowing someone hospitalized for COVID-19, and being willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine were associated with always wearing a mask. Residents who were younger, had a highest risk health condition, and had ≥2 COVID-19 tests had lower odds of always mask wearing. Conclusion Mask wearing guidelines are easing; however, as vaccination rates plateau and new virus variants emerge, mask wearing remains an important tool to protect vulnerable populations. Encouraging protective measures among younger adults, those with less education, republicans, men, and White residents—groups that are least likely to be vaccinated or wear a mask—may be critical to reducing transmission.

scholarly journals 542. Los Angeles County Acute Care Regional Antibiogram Suggests Changing Landscape of MDRO Threats Between 2015 and 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S258-S259
Author(s):  
James McKinnell ◽  
Chelsea Foo ◽  
Kelsey OYong ◽  
Janet Hindler ◽  
Sandra Ceja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Facility Level

Abstract Background National surveillance for multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are limited by narrow geographic sampling, few hospitals, and failure to account for local epidemiology. A Los Angeles County (LAC) regional antibiogram was created to inform public health interventions and provide a baseline for susceptibility patterns countywide. We present data to compare the 2015 and 2017 LAC regional antibiogram. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of cumulative facility-level antibiograms from all hospitals in LAC; 83 hospitals (AH) and 9 Long-term Acute Care (LTAC). For 2015, submission was voluntary, 2017 data were collected by public health order. Non-respondents were contacted by phone and in person. Isolates from sterile sources were pooled. Countywide susceptibility was calculated by weighting each facility’s isolate count by its reported susceptibility rate with minimum–maximim observed (2015) and Interquartile range (IQR) for 2017. Change from 2015 mean susceptibility is reported. Results Seventy-five (75) facilities submitted antibiograms for 2015 and 86 facilities for 2017. Among non-respondents in 2017, two facilities could not provide an adequate antibiogram and 4 were specialty hospitals with too few cultures to create an antibiogram. Regional summmary tables are presented in Tables 1–4. Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 50 hospitals/19,382 isolates) % S to meropenem was 97% (IQR 94–100%), no change from 2015. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) (n = 52 hospitals/17,770 isolates)% S to meropenem was 84% (IQR 74–93%), no change from 2015. Susceptibility to Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) was reported by 48 hospitals, including 1,4361 isolates,% S to meropenem was 39% (IQR 25–75%), 14% lower than 2015. Streptococcus agalactiae (n = 13 hospitals/647 isolates)% S to clindamycin was 43% (IQR 13–59%), a 22% increase from 2015. Conclusion LAC regional antibiograms identified stable patterns of antimicrobial resistance for most pathogens, but concerning results with AB and PA. Analysis of highly drug-resistant pathogens such as AB and PA would be improved with patient-level data to generate a combination antibiogram. We favor presenting IQR %S as done for 2017. Ongoing analysis will include multivariable analysis of observed changed S controlling for hospital characteristics. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Acceptability of COVID-19 Vaccines and Protective Behavior among Adults in Taiwan: Associations between Risk Perception and Willingness to Vaccinate against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5579
Author(s):  
Feng-Jen Tsai ◽  
Hsiu-Wen Yang ◽  
Chia-Ping Lin ◽  
Jeffrey Zen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
College Level ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

This study aims to evaluate acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines and the impact of risk perception on vaccine acceptance and personal health protective behaviors in Taiwan. A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted from 19 to 30 October 2020; 1020 participants were included in the final analysis; chi-square and logistic regression analyses were conducted. In total, 52.7% of participants were willing to receive COVID-19 vaccines, 63.5% perceived the severity of COVID-19 in Taiwan as “not serious”, and nearly 40% were worried about COVID-19 infection. Participants with higher perceived severity of COVID-19 had significantly higher odds of refusing the vaccine (OR = 1.546), while those worried about infection had lower odds of poor health protective behaviors (OR = 0.685). Vaccine refusal reasons included “the EUA process is not strict enough” (48.7%) and “side effects” (30.3%). Those who had previously refused other vaccinations were 2.44 times more likely to refuse the COVID-19 vaccines. Participants’ age had an influence on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. In general, the Taiwanese public’s acceptance of the vaccine was lower than that in other high-income countries. Elderly participants and those with college-level education and above who had previously refused vaccines had lower willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Risk perception was positively associated with personal health protective behaviors but negatively associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.

scholarly journals “It Is Like Medicine”: Using Sports to Promote Adult Women’s Health in Rural Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2347
Author(s):  
Francis Barchi ◽  
Millan A. AbiNader ◽  
Samantha C. Winter ◽  
Lena M. Obara ◽  
Daniel Mbogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Rural Kenya

Despite the well-documented health benefits of recreational sports, few opportunities exist in lower- and middle-income countries for adult women to participate in recreational physical activities. An explanatory sequential mixed methods approach was used to explore associations between an innovative soccer program for adult women and self-reported health status. Cross-sectional survey data were collected in 2018–2019 from 702 women in the Nikumbuke Project, a health and literacy program in southeastern rural Kenya, followed by focus group discussions with 225 women who also participated in the Project’s soccer program. Quantitative findings suggest that women who participated in soccer had 67% greater odds of reporting good or excellent health than their non-soccer playing peers. Thematic analysis of qualitative data indicated that women credited soccer with less pain, fatigue, and stress, as well as weight loss and reduced dependence on medicine for hypertension, pain, and sleep problems. Women equated health benefits with greater ease and efficiency in completing chores, reduced worries, youthful energy, male-like strength, and pleased husbands. Soccer programs for adult women may be particularly effective interventions in settings where access to health care is limited and where lack of opportunity to engage in physical aerobic activity increases women’s risks for poor health outcomes.

scholarly journals Assessment of U.S. health care personnel (HCP) attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination in a large university health care system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Shaw ◽  
Telisa Stewart ◽  
Kathryn B Anderson ◽  
Samantha Hanley ◽  
Stephen J Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background As a priority group, healthcare personnel (HCP) will be key to success of COVID-19 vaccination programs. The purpose of this study was to assess HCP willingness to get vaccinated and identify specific concerns that would undermine vaccination efforts. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of HCP, including clinical and non-clinical staff, researchers, and trainees between November 23 rd ,2020 and December 5 th ,2020. The survey evaluated attitudes, beliefs and willingness to get vaccinated. Results A total of 5287 respondents had a mean age of 42.5 years (SD=13.56), and were 72.8% female (n=3842). Overall 57.5 % of individuals expressed intent to receive COVID-19 vaccine. 80.4% were physicians and scientists representing the largest group. 33.6% of registered nurses, 31.6% of allied health professionals, and 32% of master’s level clinicians were unsure they would take the vaccine (p<.001). Respondents who were older, males, White, or Asian were more likely to get vaccinated compared to other groups. Vaccine safety, potential adverse events, efficacy and speed of vaccine development dominated concerns listed by participants. Fewer (54.0%) providers of direct care vs. non-care providers (62.4%), and 52.0% of those who had provided care for COVID-19 patients (vs. 60.6% of those who had not) indicated they would take the vaccine if offered (p<.001). Conclusions We observed that self-reported willingness to receive vaccination against COVID-19 differs by hospital roles, with physicians and research scientists showing the highest acceptance. These findings highlight important heterogeneity in personal attitudes among HCPs around COVID-19 vaccines and highlight a need for tailored communication strategies.

scholarly journals Willingness to receive future COVID-19 vaccines following the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehong Zhou ◽  
Junjie Zhang ◽  
Wenwen Wu ◽  
Man Liang ◽  
Qiang-Song Wu
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background There are no pharmacological interventions currently available to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or to treat COVID-19. The development of vaccines against COVID-19 is essential to contain the pandemic. we conducted a cross-sectional survey of Shanghai residents to understand residents’ willingness to be vaccinated with any future COVID-19 vaccines and take measures to further improve vaccination coverage. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey using self-administered anonymous questionnaires from 1 July to 8 September 2020. The main outcome was willingness of participants, and any children or older individuals living with them, to receive future COVID-19 vaccines. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore potential factors associated with vaccination willingness. Results A total of 1071 participants were asked about their willingness to receive future COVID-19 vaccines, for themselves and at least 747 children and 375 older individuals (≥60 years old) living with them. The highest proportion of expected willingness to vaccinate was among participants (88.6%), followed by children (85.3%) and older individuals (84.0%). The main reasons for reluctance to vaccinate among 119 participants were doubts regarding vaccine safety (60.0%) and efficacy (28.8%). Participants with a self-reported history of influenza vaccination were more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccines for themselves [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–2.82], their children (adjusted OR = 2.08; 95%CI: 1.30–3.33), and older individuals in their household (adjusted OR = 2.12; 95%CI: 1.14–3.99). Participants with older individuals in their families were less willing to vaccinate themselves (adjusted OR = 0.59; 95%CI: 0.40–0.87) and their children (adjusted OR = 0.58; 95%CI: 0.38–0.89). Conclusions Participants were more reluctant to accept COVID-19 vaccines for older individuals living with them. The presence of older individuals in the home also affected willingness of participants and their children to be vaccinated.

Willingness and uptake of the COVID-19 testing and vaccination in urban China: an online cross-sectional survey at early 2021 (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhang Song ◽  
Shujie Zang ◽  
Liubing Gong ◽  
Cuilin Xu ◽  
Leesa Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Period ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
To Receive

BACKGROUND Regular testing and vaccination are effective measures to mitigate the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Few studies have focused on COVID-19 testing and vaccination uptake may change as the pandemic continues. OBJECTIVE To examine willingness and uptake of COVID-19 testing and vaccination during a low-risk period of the COVID-19 pandemic in urban China. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 2244 adults in urban China. Descriptive analyses were performed to compare the respondents’ willingness and uptake of COVID-19 testing and vaccination. Multivariate logistic regressions were fitted to investigate the factors associated with willingness and uptake of the two measures. RESULTS In early 2021, 52.45% of the respondents had received or scheduled a COVID-19 test at least once, and a majority (95.63%) were willing to receive testing. 63.28% of the respondents had received/scheduled or were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Willingness and uptake of COVID-19 testing were not associated with socio-demographic characteristics, except for occupation. Being of older age, migrants, having higher educational attainment and secure employment were associated with a higher uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among the surveyed respondents, while willingness to vaccinate was consistent across socio-demographic characteristics among those who had not been vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS Chinese adults expressed almost universal willingness of COVID-19 testing and relatively low willingness of COVID-19 vaccination at the low-risk period of the COVID-19 pandemic, independent from their socio-demographic characteristics. Maintaining willingness of COVID-19 vaccination is key especially when the pandemic evolved into a low-risk period.

scholarly journals Attitudes and potential barriers towards hepatitis C treatment in patients with and without HIV coinfection

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Allyn ◽  
SM O’Malley ◽  
J Ferguson ◽  
CH Tseng ◽  
KW Chew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Treatment Preferences ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Hcv Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hepatitis C Treatment ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Hiv Coinfection

This study aimed to assess attitudes and potential barriers towards treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, comparing those with and without HIV coinfection. A cross-sectional survey of 82 HCV-infected adults with and without HIV was conducted in greater Los Angeles between November 2013 and July 2015. Overall, there were 53 (64.6%) with HIV coinfection, 20 (25.0%) with self-reported cirrhosis, and 22 (26.8%) with a history of prior HCV treatment. Of all, 93.2% wanted HCV treatment, but 45.9% were unwilling/unable to spend anything out of pocket, 29.4% were waiting for new therapies, and 23.5% were recommended to defer HCV treatment. HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were more likely to want treatment within one year (90.2% versus 68.2%, p = 0.02), more willing to join a clinical trial (74.5% versus 8.0%, p < 0.01), more willing to take medications twice daily (86.3% versus 61.5%, p = 0.01), and more likely to prefer hepatitis C treatment by an infectious diseases/HIV physician (36.7% versus 4.0%, p < 0.01). Of all, 77.1% of coinfected patients were willing to change antiretroviral therapy if necessary to treat HCV, but only 48.0% of patients were willing to take a medication if it had not been studied in HIV-positive patients. Treatment preferences differ between HIV/HCV-coinfected and HCV-monoinfected patients. Despite a strong willingness among the study cohort to start HCV treatment, other factors such as cost, access to medications, and provider reluctance may be delaying treatment initiation.

scholarly journals Acceptance Rates and Beliefs toward COVID-19 Vaccination among the General Population of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Yasmin ◽  
Waleed Asghar ◽  
Maryam Salma Babar ◽  
Hiba Khan ◽  
Shoaib Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Polio Vaccination ◽  
Acceptance Rates ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Do So

Developing countries like Pakistan have previously suffered from barriers to acceptance of vaccination by the public because of financial and belief barriers. This study aims to explore these beliefs and highlight concerns regarding vaccine hesitancy in the general population of Pakistan since they are a hindrance to an effective coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) immunization in the country. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 1,778 participants from all four provinces of Pakistan. Results from the study showed more than half of the participants to be unsure of the safety (50%) and efficacy (51%) of the vaccine, whereas 42% were concerned about the side effects of the vaccine. About 72% of the respondents planned to get vaccinated, whereas 28% refused to do so. Internationally made imported vaccines were more trusted by the participants. Forty-four percent of the participants agreed to receive the vaccine upon recommendation from a physician. Lastly, participants who believed in the efficacy of the polio vaccination also considered the COVID-19 vaccine to be safe and effective.

scholarly journals Intention of Healthcare Workers to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Survey in 10 Countries in Eastern Mediterranean Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Ahmed Mohammed Elhadi ◽  
Azza Mehanna ◽  
Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi ◽  
Mohammad Yasir Essar ◽  
Haider M El Saeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
To Receive

Background: Healthcare workers intention to be vaccinated is an important factor to be consider for successful COVID-19 vaccination programme. Our study aimed to understand the intention of health workers to receive COVID-19 vaccine and associated concerns across 10 countries in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO). Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2021 among healthcare workers using an online survey. A total of 2806 health workers (physicians, nurses and pharmacists) completed and returned the informed consent along with the questionnaire electronically. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software package version 20.0. Results: More than half of the respondents (58.0%) intend to receive COVID-19 vaccine, even if the vaccination is not mandatory for them. On the other hand, 25.7% of respondents were not intending to undertake COVID-19 vaccination while 16.3 % answered undecided. The top three reasons for not intending to be vaccinated were unreliability of COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials (62.0%), fear of the side effects of the vaccine (45.3%), and that COVID-19 vaccine will not give immunity for a long period of time (23.1%). Conclusion: Overall, our study revealed suboptimal acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in the 10 countries in EMRO.

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