scholarly journals A53 MERS-CoV in East African dromedary camels

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqi Zhou ◽  
Daniel K W Chu ◽  
Abraham Ali ◽  
Getnet F Demissié ◽  
Malik Peiris
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
East African ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Human Middle East respiratory syndrome is a zoonotic respiratory disease caused by Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) originating from camels in the Arabian Peninsula. While there are a large number of camels in East Africa, often traded to the Arabian Peninsula, no autochthonous human MERS-CoV case is reported in East Africa. Furthermore, there is limited information of MERS-CoV in East Africa. In this study, MERS-CoV in dromedary camels from Ethiopia was detected using RT-qPCR. Next-generation sequencing was used to obtain the full genome of MERS-CoV. MERS-CoV antibodies were also detected through MERS-spike pseudoparticle neutralization assay. Phylogenetic analysis of full-genome sequences and spike-genome antibodies indicates that MERS-CoV in East Africa is genetically distinct from those in the Arabian Peninsula. The results from this study show that MERS-CoV circulating in dromedary camels in East Africa are genetically distinct from those in the Arabian Peninsula. Further studies are needed to evaluate the risk of zoonotic transmission in East Africa.

scholarly journals Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Dromedary Camels in Africa and Middle East

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kandeil ◽  
Gomaa ◽  
Nageh ◽  
Shehata ◽  
Kayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
East African ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Clade C

: Dromedary camels are the natural reservoirs of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camels are mostly bred in East African countries then exported into Africa and Middle East for consumption. To understand the distribution of MERS-CoV among camels in North Africa and the Middle East, we conducted surveillance in Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, Uganda, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq. We also performed longitudinal studies of three camel herds in Egypt and Jordan to elucidate MERS-CoV infection and transmission. Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 4027 nasal swabs and 3267 serum samples were collected from all countries. Real- time PCR revealed that MERS-CoV RNA was detected in nasal swab samples from Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, and Saudi Arabia. Microneutralization assay showed that antibodies were detected in all countries. Positive PCR samples were partially sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was built. The tree suggested that all sequences are of clade C and sequences from camels in Egypt formed a separate group from previously published sequences. Longitudinal studies showed high seroprevalence in adult camels. These results indicate the widespread distribution of the virus in camels. A systematic active surveillance and longitudinal studies for MERS-CoV are needed to understand the epidemiology of the disease and dynamics of viral infection.

scholarly journals Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels in Nigeria, 2015

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel KW Chu ◽  
Jamiu O Oladipo ◽  
Ranawaka APM Perera ◽  
Sulaiman A Kuranga ◽  
Samuel MS Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Evidence of current and past Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in dromedary camels slaughtered at an abattoir in Kano, Nigeria in January 2015, was sought by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and serology. MERS-CoV RNA was detected in 14 (11%) of 132 nasal swabs and antibody in 126 (96%) of 131 serum samples. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that the viruses in Nigeria are genetically distinct from those reported in the Arabian peninsula.

scholarly journals Diversity of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses in 109 dromedary camels based on full-genome sequencing, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Farouk Yusof ◽  
Krista Queen ◽  
Yassir Mohammed Eltahir ◽  
Clinton R Paden ◽  
Zulaikha Mohamed Abdel Hameed Al Hammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Dromedary Camels

scholarly journals Limited Genetic Diversity Detected in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus Variants Circulating in Dromedary Camels in Jordan

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Stephanie N. Seifert ◽  
Jonathan E. Schulz ◽  
Stacy Ricklefs ◽  
Michael Letko ◽  
Elangeni Yabba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Full Genome Sequence ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Dromedary Camels

Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a persistent zoonotic pathogen with frequent spillover from dromedary camels to humans in the Arabian Peninsula, resulting in limited outbreaks of MERS with a high case-fatality rate. Full genome sequence data from camel-derived MERS-CoV variants show diverse lineages circulating in domestic camels with frequent recombination. More than 90% of the available full MERS-CoV genome sequences derived from camels are from just two countries, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and United Arab Emirates (UAE). In this study, we employ a novel method to amplify and sequence the partial MERS-CoV genome with high sensitivity from nasal swabs of infected camels. We recovered more than 99% of the MERS-CoV genome from field-collected samples with greater than 500 TCID50 equivalent per nasal swab from camel herds sampled in Jordan in May 2016. Our subsequent analyses of 14 camel-derived MERS-CoV genomes show a striking lack of genetic diversity circulating in Jordan camels relative to MERS-CoV genome sequences derived from large camel markets in KSA and UAE. The low genetic diversity detected in Jordan camels during our study is consistent with a lack of endemic circulation in these camel herds and reflective of data from MERS outbreaks in humans dominated by nosocomial transmission following a single introduction as reported during the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea. Our data suggest transmission of MERS-CoV among two camel herds in Jordan in 2016 following a single introduction event.

scholarly journals Enzootic patterns of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in imported African and local Arabian dromedary camels: a prospective genomic study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. e521-e528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif A El-Kafrawy ◽  
Victor M Corman ◽  
Ahmed M Tolah ◽  
Saad B Al Masaudi ◽  
Ahmed M Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Genomic Study

scholarly journals Global status of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary camels: a systematic review – CORRIGENDUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Sikkema ◽  
E. A. B. A. Farag ◽  
Mazharul Islam ◽  
Muzzamil Atta ◽  
C. B. E. M. Reusken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Global Status

scholarly journals Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) serology in major livestock species in an affected region in Jordan, June to September 2013

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
C B Reusken ◽  
M Ababneh ◽  
V S Raj ◽  
B Meyer ◽  
A Eljarah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Protein Microarray ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Livestock Species

Between June and September 2013, sera from 11 dromedary camels, 150 goats, 126 sheep and 91 cows were collected in Jordan, where the first human Middle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS) cluster appeared in 2012. All sera were tested for MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) specific antibodies by protein microarray with confirmation by virus neutralisation. Neutralising antibodies were found in all camel sera while sera from goats and cattle tested negative. Although six sheep sera reacted with MERS-CoV antigen, neutralising antibodies were not detected.

scholarly journals Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Seropositive Camel Handlers in Kenya

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice N. Kiyong’a ◽  
Elizabeth A. J. Cook ◽  
Nisreen M. A. Okba ◽  
Velma Kivali ◽  
Chantal Reusken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a respiratory disease caused by a zoonotic coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camel handlers, including slaughterhouse workers and herders, are at risk of acquiring MERS-CoV infections. However, there is limited evidence of infections among camel handlers in Africa. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of antibodies to MERS-CoV in high-risk groups in Kenya. Sera collected from 93 camel handlers, 58 slaughterhouse workers and 35 camel herders, were screened for MERS-CoV antibodies using ELISA and PRNT. We found four seropositive slaughterhouse workers by PRNT. Risk factors amongst the slaughterhouse workers included being the slaughterman (the person who cuts the throat of the camel) and drinking camel blood. Further research is required to understand the epidemiology of MERS-CoV in Africa in relation to occupational risk, with a need for additional studies on the transmission of MERS-CoV from dromedary camels to humans, seroprevalence and associated risk factors.

scholarly journals Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels, Oman, 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Nowotny ◽  
J Kolodziejek
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Viral Loads

A countrywide survey in Oman revealed Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) nucleic acid in five of 76 dromedary camels. Camel-derived MERS-CoV sequences (3,754 nucleotides assembled from partial sequences of the open reading frame (ORF)1a, spike, and ORF4b genes) from Oman and Qatar were slightly different from each other, but closely related to human MERS-CoV sequences from the same geographical areas, suggesting local zoonotic transmission. High viral loads in nasal and conjunctival swabs suggest possible transmission by the respiratory route.

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