scholarly journals Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Seropositive Camel Handlers in Kenya

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice N. Kiyong’a ◽  
Elizabeth A. J. Cook ◽  
Nisreen M. A. Okba ◽  
Velma Kivali ◽  
Chantal Reusken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a respiratory disease caused by a zoonotic coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camel handlers, including slaughterhouse workers and herders, are at risk of acquiring MERS-CoV infections. However, there is limited evidence of infections among camel handlers in Africa. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of antibodies to MERS-CoV in high-risk groups in Kenya. Sera collected from 93 camel handlers, 58 slaughterhouse workers and 35 camel herders, were screened for MERS-CoV antibodies using ELISA and PRNT. We found four seropositive slaughterhouse workers by PRNT. Risk factors amongst the slaughterhouse workers included being the slaughterman (the person who cuts the throat of the camel) and drinking camel blood. Further research is required to understand the epidemiology of MERS-CoV in Africa in relation to occupational risk, with a need for additional studies on the transmission of MERS-CoV from dromedary camels to humans, seroprevalence and associated risk factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV in Different High-Risk Groups and Associated Risk Factors in Pakistan. A Systematic Review from 2010 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswa Gondal ◽  
Mahrukh Rasheed ◽  
Sana Ali ◽  
Zain Ul Abdin ◽  
Omar Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals Limited Genetic Diversity Detected in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus Variants Circulating in Dromedary Camels in Jordan

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Stephanie N. Seifert ◽  
Jonathan E. Schulz ◽  
Stacy Ricklefs ◽  
Michael Letko ◽  
Elangeni Yabba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Full Genome Sequence ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Dromedary Camels

Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a persistent zoonotic pathogen with frequent spillover from dromedary camels to humans in the Arabian Peninsula, resulting in limited outbreaks of MERS with a high case-fatality rate. Full genome sequence data from camel-derived MERS-CoV variants show diverse lineages circulating in domestic camels with frequent recombination. More than 90% of the available full MERS-CoV genome sequences derived from camels are from just two countries, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and United Arab Emirates (UAE). In this study, we employ a novel method to amplify and sequence the partial MERS-CoV genome with high sensitivity from nasal swabs of infected camels. We recovered more than 99% of the MERS-CoV genome from field-collected samples with greater than 500 TCID50 equivalent per nasal swab from camel herds sampled in Jordan in May 2016. Our subsequent analyses of 14 camel-derived MERS-CoV genomes show a striking lack of genetic diversity circulating in Jordan camels relative to MERS-CoV genome sequences derived from large camel markets in KSA and UAE. The low genetic diversity detected in Jordan camels during our study is consistent with a lack of endemic circulation in these camel herds and reflective of data from MERS outbreaks in humans dominated by nosocomial transmission following a single introduction as reported during the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea. Our data suggest transmission of MERS-CoV among two camel herds in Jordan in 2016 following a single introduction event.

Coxiella burnetii in Tunisian dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius): Seroprevalence, associated risk factors and seasonal dynamics

Acta Tropica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Selmi ◽  
Aymen Mamlouk ◽  
Houcine Ben Yahia ◽  
Hedi Abdelaali ◽  
Mourad Ben Said ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals Coronavirus: Penyakit Lama, Virus Lama, Kemasan Baru

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Heru Wijono
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease

Abstract— Covid -19, a virus strain and a member of family with known member as Severe Acute Respiratory Disease (SARS) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), but having a potentially lethal differences in not readily recognized by our immunity. Classified as betacoronavirus, with incubation period up to 14 days, the sign and symptoms can be highly variable, from asymptomatic to mild to criticalin the form of severe pneumonia. Almost half the persons infected did not show any symptoms, but in cases of people with comorbidities such as advanced age, pregnancy, obesity or other certain diseases, could increase the likelihood of morbidity and even potentially fatal. Covid-19 has spread globally, including Indonesia, with a potentially increased number of cases, prevention in covid-19 protocol is a necessity. Keywords: Covid-19, SARS, symptoms, variable, prevention Abstrak— Covid-19, yang sebelumnya dikenal sebagai virus strain dari kelompok family yang sama dengan Severe Acute Respiratory Disease (SARS) atau Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), tapi memiliki fatalitas yang secara potensial lebih tinggi, karena bersiafat novel bagi sistem imunitas kita. Termasuk betacoronavirus, dengan masa inkubasi sampai dengan 14 hari, tanda dan gejala penyakit bisa sangat bervariasi, mulai dari asimtomatik, ringan sampai berat, dalam bentuk pneumonia berat. Hamper separuh penderita yang terinfeksi tidak menunjukkan gejala sama sekali, tapi pada penderita dengan komorbiditas seperti usia lanjut, kehamilan, obesitas atau penyakit kronis tertentu, resiko moribiditas dan mortalitas dapat meningkat. Covid-19 saat ini sudah menyebar ke seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia, dengan adanya potensi kenaikan kasus lebih banyak, pencegahan dalam bentuk protocol covid-19 bersifat mutlak diperlukan. Kata kunci: Covid-19, SARS, gejala, bervariasi, pencegahan

scholarly journals Underlying trend, seasonality, prediction, forecasting and the contribution of risk factors: an analysis of globally reported cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar B. Da'ar ◽  
Anwar E. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Underlying Trend ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis study set out to identify and analyse trends and seasonal variations of monthly global reported cases of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It also made a prediction based on the reported and extrapolated into the future by forecasting the trend. Finally, the study assessed contributions of various risk factors in the reported cases. The motivation for this study is that MERS-CoV remains among the list of blueprint priority and potential pandemic diseases globally. Yet, there is a paucity of empirical literature examining trends and seasonality as the available evidence is generally descriptive and anecdotal. The study is a time series analysis using monthly global reported cases of MERS-CoV by the World Health Organisation between January 2015 and January 2018. We decomposed the series into seasonal, irregular and trend components and identified patterns, smoothened series, generated predictions and employed forecasting techniques based on linear regression. We assessed contributions of various risk factors in MERS-CoV cases over time. Successive months of the MERS-CoV cases suggest a significant decreasing trend (P = 0.026 for monthly series and P = 0.047 for Quarterly series). The MERS-CoV cases are forecast to wane by end 2018. Seasonality component of the cases oscillated below or above the baseline (the centred moving average), but no association with the series over time was noted. The results revealed contributions of risk factors such as camel contact, male, old age and being from Saudi Arabia and Middle East regions to the overall reported cases of MERS-CoV. The trend component and several risk factors for global MERS-CoV cases, including camel contact, male, age and geography/region significantly affected the series. Our statistical models appear to suggest significant predictive capacity and the findings may well inform healthcare practitioners and policymakers about the underlying dynamics that produced the globally reported MERS-CoV cases.

Abstract P275: Demographic and Clinical Profile of Patients with Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Defined by National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III Guidelines

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Kern ◽  
Sanjeev Balu ◽  
Ozgur Tunceli ◽  
Swetha Raparla ◽  
Deborah Anzalone
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Very High ◽  
Statin Use

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with different risk factors for CHD as defined by NCEP ATP III guidelines. Methods: Dyslipidemia patients (≥1 medical claim for dyslipidemia, ≥1 pharmacy claim for a statin, or ≥1 LDL-C value ≥100 mg/dL [index date]) aged ≥18 y were identified from the HealthCore Integrated Research Environment from 1/1/2007-7/31/2012. Patients were classified as low risk (0 or 1 risk factor): hypertension, age ≥45 y [men] or ≥55 y [women], or low HDL-C), moderate/moderately high risk (≥2 risk factors), high risk (having CHD or CHD risk equivalent), or very high risk (having ACS or other established cardiovascular disease plus diabetes or metabolic syndrome). Demographics, comorbidities, medication use and lipid levels during the 12 months prior, and statin use during the 6 months post-index date were compared across risk groups (very high vs each other risk group). Results: There were 1,524,351 low-risk (mean age: 47 y; 45% men), 242,357 moderate-risk (mean age: 58 y; 59% men), 188,222 high-risk (mean age: 57 y; 52% men), and 57,469 very-high-risk (mean age: 63 y; 61% men) patients identified. Mean Deyo-Charlson comorbidity score differed greatly across risk strata: 0.20, 0.33, 1.26, and 2.22 from low to very high risk (p<.0001 for each). Compared with high-risk patients, very-high-risk patients had a higher rate of ischemic stroke: 5.4% vs 4.1%; peripheral artery disease: 17.1% vs 11.6%; coronary artery disease: 8.5% vs 8.2%; and abdominal aortic aneurysm: 2.3% vs 2.0% (p<.05 for each). Less than 1% of the total population had a prior prescription for each non-statin lipid-lowering medication (bile acid sequestrants, fibrates, ezetimibe, niacin, and omega-3). Very-high-risk patients had lower total cholesterol (very-high-risk mean: 194 mg/dL vs 207, 205, and 198 mg/dL for low-, moderate-/moderately-high-, and high-risk patients, respectively) and LDL-C (very-high-risk mean: 110 mg/dL vs 126, 126, and 116 mg/dL for the other risk groups; p<.0001 for each); higher triglycerides (TG) (very-high-risk mean: 206 mg/dL vs 123, 177, and 167 mg/dL for the other groups; p<.0001 for each); and lower HDL-C (very-high-risk mean: 45 mg/dL vs 57 [p<.0001], 45 [p=.006], and 51 mg/dL [p<.0001]). Statin use was low overall (15%), but higher in the very-high-risk group (45%) vs the high- (29%), moderate-/moderately-high- (18%), and low- (12%) risk groups (p<.0001 for each). Conclusions: Despite a large proportion of patients having high lipid levels, statin use after a dyslipidemia diagnosis was low: ≥80% of all patients (and more than half at very high risk) failed to receive a statin, indicating a potentially large population of patients who could benefit from statin treatment. Prior use of non-statin lipid-lowering medications was also low considering the high TG and low HDL-C levels among high-risk patients.

Postoperative PET/CT for detection of early recurrence (ER) after surgery for squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the oral cavity (OC).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6060-6060
Author(s):  
Yao Yu ◽  
Heiko Schöder ◽  
Jung Kang ◽  
Sean Matthew McBride ◽  
C. Jillian Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Pet Ct

6060 Background: Patients with ER after surgery and prior to postoperative radiation (RT) for SCC of the OC have aggressive biology and poor prognosis. After the introduction of a PET/CT simulator in our department, we incorporated post-operative PET/CT as part of RT planning. We hypothesized PET/CT would improve detection of macroscopic disease before postoperative RT. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy between 2005 and 2019 for OC SCC. Clinicopathologic risk factors were recorded. Intermediate risk factors (IRFs) included pT3-4 disease, nodal disease, perineural invasion (PNI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and close ( < 5mm) surgical margins (SM); extranodal extension (ENE) and positive SM were considered high-risk factors (HRF). Patients were stratified into risk groups based upon the number and type of risk factors: 0-1 IRFs, 2 IRFs, ≥3 IRFs, and any HRF. Patients were considered to have ER if they had biopsy confirmed recurrence, or if the imaging or exam was sufficiently suspicious, after discussion with the head and neck team, to warrant treatment to definitive doses of RT (70 Gy). Results: Our cohort included 391 patients with SCC of the OCC who were treated with postoperative radiotherapy. 61% of patients were male, 35% had pT3-4 disease, 36% had pN2a-3 disease, 53% had PNI, 20% had LVI, 30% had ENE, and 14% had positive SM. The most common sites were oral tongue (46%), alveolar ridge (18%), and buccal mucosa (13%). 237 (61%) patients underwent postoperative PET/CT planning, and 165 patients (41%) were planned with CT only. Patients screened with post-operative PET/CT were more likely to be diagnosed with ER (46/237, 19.4%) than those simulated with CT only (6/154, 3.9%, p < 0.0001). Among patients simulated with PET/CT, 7%, 9%, 14%, and 35% of patients were diagnosed with ER for patients with 0-1 IRFs, 2 IRFs, ≥3 IRFs, and any HRF, respectively. Median follow-up was 4.1 years (95% CI 3.6 – 4.5). Among 52 patients with ER, 24 (49.0%) had local, 41 (83.7%) had regional, and 5 (10.2%) had distant recurrence. 17 (33%) of ER were biopsy proven. For patients with ER, 3-year freedom from locoregional recurrence, distant-metastasis free survival, and overall survival were 45.2% (95% CI 32% - 64%), 55% (95% CI 42% – 72%), and 43% (95% CI 30% - 61%), respectively. For patients without ER, use of postoperative PET/CT was associated with improved disease-free survival (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.46 – 0.98, p = 0.041) and overall survival (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38 – 0.91, p = 0.019). Conclusions: Postoperative PET/CT may increase detection ER compared to CT simulation alone and improve risk stratification. Patients with ER are at high risk of locoregional failure, distant metastases, and mortality, despite salvage therapy. A prospective trial is underway at our institution to systemically study the role of PET/CT for detection of ER.

Abstract 91: Are At Risk Outpatient Cardiology Patients being Appropriately Evaluated for Lower Extremity PAD as Recommended by ACC/AHA Guidelines?

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh M Kabadi ◽  
Ankitkumar Patel ◽  
Rajani Sharma ◽  
Rita Schmidt ◽  
Elias Iliadis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common syndrome that afflicts many individuals and leads to significant morbidity. Once appropriate at risk patients are identified, ankle-brachial index (ABI) testing is a relatively quick and inexpensive test that is recommended for proper assessment of PAD, per the recommendations outlined in the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines for the Management of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) (JACC, 2006). Outpatient cardiology practices often take care of individuals at risk for PAD and have the opportunity to test and appropriately treat this condition. Methods: A randomly selected group of 367 outpatients seen in a large academic cardiology practice from September 2011 underwent retrospective chart review. Risk factors for PAD that were assessed include history of smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, homocysteine levels, and CRP. Those that had three or more risk factors were classified as high risk and those with less than that were classified as low risk and frequency of ABI testing was evaluated. Fishers exact test was utilized for statistical analysis. Results: Fifty-one percent (N=187) of our population were classified as high risk for PAD, forty-three percent (N=158) were low risk, and six percent (N=22) were known to already have PAD. Amongst the high risk individuals, only six percent (N=12) had ABI testing performed while there were three percent (N=6) of low risk individuals that had this test (p=-0.34). Conclusions: There was no difference in ABI testing between high and low risk populations. Limitations of this study include lack of information regarding other diagnostic modalities that may have been used in place of ABI testing. Quality improvement may be achieved by increased use of such testing as this would allow for quicker identification of the disease, prompter treatment, and better outcomes, at a minimal cost.

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