scholarly journals Induction of p-Coumaroyldopamine and Feruloyldopamine, Two Novel Metabolites, in Tomato by the Bacterial Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1439-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Zacarés ◽  
María Pilar López-Gresa ◽  
Joaquín Fayos ◽  
Jaime Primo ◽  
José María Bellés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides ◽  
First Time

Inoculation of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Rutgers) with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato led to the production of a hypersensitive-like response in this pathovar of tomato. Accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAA) of tyramine (p-coumaroyltyramine and feruloyltyramine) and dopamine (p-coumaroyldopamine and feruloyldopamine) was detected after bacterial infection. Two of them, p-coumaroyldopamine and feruloyldopamine, are described for the first time. The accumulation of HCAA was preceded by an increment of hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:tyramine N-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (THT) gene expression. HCAA also accumulated in transgenic NahG tomato plants overexpressing a bacterial salicylic hydroxylase. However, treatment of plants with the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinilglycine, led to a reduction in the accumulation of THT transcripts and HCAA. Together, the results suggest that pathogen-induced induction of ethylene is essential for HCAA synthesis, whereas salicylic acid is not required for this response. In addition, notable antibacterial and antioxidant activities were found for the new HCAA, thus indicating that they could play a role in the defense of tomato plants against bacterial infection.

scholarly journals Role of Jasmonic Acid Pathway in Tomato Plant-Pseudomonas syringae Interaction

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Scalschi ◽  
Eugenio Llorens ◽  
Pilar García-Agustín ◽  
Begonya Vicedo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Pathogenicity ◽  
Acid Pathway

The jasmonic acid pathway has been considered as the backbone of the response against necrotrophic pathogens. However, a hemi-biotrophic pathogen, such as Pseudomonas syringae, has taken advantage of the crosstalk between the different plant hormones in order to manipulate the responses for its own interest. Despite that, the way in which Pseudomonas syringae releases coronatine to activate jasmonic acid-derived responses and block the activation of salicylic acid-mediated responses is widely known. However, the implication of the jasmonic intermediates in the plant-Pseudomonas interaction is not studied yet. In this work, we analyzed the response of both, plant and bacteria using SiOPR3 tomato plants. Interestingly, SiOPR3 plants are more resistant to infection with Pseudomonas. The gene expression of bacteria showed that, in SiOPR3 plants, the activation of pathogenicity is repressed in comparison to wild type plants, suggesting that the jasmonic acid pathway might play a role in the pathogenicity of the bacteria. Moreover, treatments with JA restore the susceptibility as well as activate the expression of bacterial pathogenicity genes. The observed results suggest that a complete jasmonic acid pathway is necessary for the susceptibility of tomato plants to Pseudomonas syringae.

scholarly journals Analysis of Resistance Gene-Mediated Defense Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants Carrying a Mutation in CPR5

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1196-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Boch ◽  
Michelle L. Verbsky ◽  
Tara L. Robertson ◽  
John C. Larkin ◽  
Barbara N. Kunkel
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Suppressor Mutations ◽  
Defense Related Gene ◽  
Rapid Activation

In resistant plants, pathogen attack often leads to rapid activation of defense responses that limit multiplication and spread of the pathogen. To investigate the signaling mechanisms underlying this process, we carried out a screen for mutants in the signaling pathway governing resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. This involved screening for suppressor mutations that restored resistance to a susceptible line carrying a mutation in the RPS2 resistance gene. A mutant that conferred resistance by activating defense responses in the absence of pathogens was isolated. This mutant, which carries a mutation at the CPR5 locus and was thus designated cpr5-2, exhibited resistance to P. syringae, spontaneous development of necrotic lesions, elevated PR gene expression in the absence of pathogens, and abnormal trichomes. Resistance gene-mediated defenses, including the hypersensitive response, restriction of pathogen growth, and induction of defense-related gene expression, were functional in cpr5-2 mutant plants. Additionally, in cpr5-2 plants RPS2-mediated induction of PR-1 expression was enhanced, whereas RPM1-mediated induction of ELI3 was not. These findings suggest that CPR5 encodes a negative regulator of the RPS2 signal transduc-tion pathway.

scholarly journals Transgenic Tomato Plants Overexpressing Tyramine N-Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase Exhibit Elevated Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amide Levels and Enhanced Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1159-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Campos ◽  
Purificación Lisón ◽  
María Pilar López-Gresa ◽  
Ismael Rodrigo ◽  
Laura Zacarés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Transgenic Tomato ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Transgenic Tomato Plants ◽  
Key Enzyme

Hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAA) are secondary metabolites involved in plant development and defense that have been widely reported throughout the plant kingdom. These phenolics show antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:tyramine N-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (THT) is the key enzyme in HCAA synthesis and is induced in response to pathogen infection, wounding, or elicitor treatments, preceding HCAA accumulation. We have engineered transgenic tomato plants overexpressing tomato THT. These plants displayed an enhanced THT gene expression in leaves as compared with wild type (WT) plants. Consequently, leaves of THT-overexpressing plants showed a higher constitutive accumulation of the amide coumaroyltyramine (CT). Similar results were found in flowers and fruits. Moreover, feruloyltyramine (FT) also accumulated in these tissues, being present at higher levels in transgenic plants. Accumulation of CT, FT and octopamine, and noradrenaline HCAA in response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato infection was higher in transgenic plants than in the WT plants. Transgenic plants showed an enhanced resistance to the bacterial infection. In addition, this HCAA accumulation was accompanied by an increase in salicylic acid levels and pathogenesis-related gene induction. Taken together, these results suggest that HCAA may play an important role in the defense of tomato plants against P. syringae infection.

scholarly journals Identification of defence metabolites in tomato plants infected by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 216-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Pilar López-Gresa ◽  
Cristina Torres ◽  
Laura Campos ◽  
Purificación Lisón ◽  
Ismael Rodrigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Tomato Plants

scholarly journals Distinct gene expression and secondary metabolite profiles for suboptimal mycorrhizal colonization in wild-type and the jasmonic acid deficient spr2 tomato mutant

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kena Casarrubias-Castillo ◽  
Josaphat M Montero-Vargas ◽  
Nicole Dabdoub-González ◽  
Robert Winkler ◽  
Norma A Martinez-Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
C Partitioning

A previous study with spr2 mutant tomato plants which are negatively affected in the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), suggested that JA regulates the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization via the control of carbon (C) partitioning. Although this and other studies have suggested the important positive role played by JA in the regulation of AMF root colonization in tomato plants, it is currently unclear how different host plant genetic backgrounds affect gene expression and secondary metabolites variation during JA-dependent mycorrhization. In this study, wild type and spr2 mutant tomato plants having “low”, “medium” and “high” mycorrhizal colonization with Rhizophagus irregularis, were analyzed independently using transcriptomic and untargeted metabolomic approaches. The results obtained revealed that the degree of mycorrhizal colonization efficiency could be associated with contrasting expression levels of certain key genes controlling gibberellin signaling, ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, and synthesis of apocarotenoids, phenylpropanoids and tomatine, in roots. Only a few wound responsive genes, including JA signaling and biosynthesis genes, such as Prosystemin and JAZ2 were found to influence AMF colonization. Conversely, a systemic and JA-dependent induction/ repression of genes different from those altered in roots was detected in leaves of mycorrhizal plants. The most significant changes in metabolite abundance were detected in roots with reduced AMF colonization. Included among the latter were metabolites known to be associated with important aspects of AMF symbiosis, such as signaling, nutrient exchange and modulation of pathogen defense response. Αlpha-tomatine levels appeared to be an important factor, whose abundance negatively correlated wit h AMF colonization levels in tomato, suggesting a regulatory role for JA in the synthesis of this metabolite during the AMF symbiosis.

scholarly journals The Bacterial Effector AvrB-Induced RIN4 Hyperphosphorylation Is Mediated by a Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Kinase Complex in Arabidopsis

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Xu ◽  
Xuming Luo ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Zongyi Wang ◽  
Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Immune Receptor ◽  
Type Iii Effectors ◽  
Pathogen Invasion

Bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae delivers diverse type III effectors into host cells to interfere with their immune responses. One of the effectors, AvrB, targets a host guardee protein RIN4 and induces RIN4 phosphorylation in Arabidopsis. Phosphorylated RIN4 activates the immune receptor RPM1 to mount defense. AvrB-induced RIN4 phosphorylation depends on RIPK, a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK). In this study, we found several other RLCKs that were also able to phosphorylate RIN4. We demonstrated that these RLCKs formed a complex with RIPK and were functionally redundant to RIPK. We also found that unphosphorylated RIN4 was epistatic to phosphorylated RIN4 in terms of RPM1 activation. AvrB-induced RLCK gene expression and phosphorylated RIN4–triggered RPM1 activation required RAR1, a central regulator in plant innate immunity. Our results unravel a mechanism in which plants employ multiple kinases to hyperphosphorylate the guardee protein RIN4 to ensure immune activation during pathogen invasion.

AtMYB44 positively modulates disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae through the salicylic acid signalling pathway in Arabidopsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohong Zou ◽  
Zhenhua Jia ◽  
Shuangmei Tian ◽  
Xiaomeng Wang ◽  
Zhenhua Gou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
Callose Deposition

Plant MYB transcription factors are implicated in resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we demonstrate that an R2-R3 MYB transcription factor, AtMYB44, plays a role in the plant defence response to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PstDC3000). The expression of AtMYB44 was upregulated upon pathogen infection and treatments with defence-related phytohormones. Transgenic plants overexpressing AtMYB44 (35S-Ms) exhibited greater levels of PR1 gene expression, cell death, callose deposition and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in leaves infected with PstDC3000. Consequently, 35S-M lines displayed enhanced resistance to PstDC3000. In contrast, the atmyb44 T-DNA insertion mutant was more susceptible to PstDC3000 and exhibited decreased PR1 gene expression upon infection. Using double mutants constructed via crosses of 35S-M lines with NahG transgenic plants and nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes1 mutant (npr1–1), we demonstrated that the enhanced PR1 gene expression and PstDC3000 resistance in 35S-M plants occur mainly through the salicylic acid signalling pathway.

scholarly journals Distinct gene expression and secondary metabolite profiles for suboptimal mycorrhizal colonization in wild-type and the jasmonic acid deficient spr2 tomato mutant

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kena Casarrubias-Castillo ◽  
Josaphat M Montero-Vargas ◽  
Nicole Dabdoub-González ◽  
Robert Winkler ◽  
Norma A Martinez-Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
C Partitioning

A previous study with spr2 mutant tomato plants which are negatively affected in the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), suggested that JA regulates the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization via the control of carbon (C) partitioning. Although this and other studies have suggested the important positive role played by JA in the regulation of AMF root colonization in tomato plants, it is currently unclear how different host plant genetic backgrounds affect gene expression and secondary metabolites variation during JA-dependent mycorrhization. In this study, wild type and spr2 mutant tomato plants having “low”, “medium” and “high” mycorrhizal colonization with Rhizophagus irregularis, were analyzed independently using transcriptomic and untargeted metabolomic approaches. The results obtained revealed that the degree of mycorrhizal colonization efficiency could be associated with contrasting expression levels of certain key genes controlling gibberellin signaling, ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, and synthesis of apocarotenoids, phenylpropanoids and tomatine, in roots. Only a few wound responsive genes, including JA signaling and biosynthesis genes, such as Prosystemin and JAZ2 were found to influence AMF colonization. Conversely, a systemic and JA-dependent induction/ repression of genes different from those altered in roots was detected in leaves of mycorrhizal plants. The most significant changes in metabolite abundance were detected in roots with reduced AMF colonization. Included among the latter were metabolites known to be associated with important aspects of AMF symbiosis, such as signaling, nutrient exchange and modulation of pathogen defense response. Αlpha-tomatine levels appeared to be an important factor, whose abundance negatively correlated wit h AMF colonization levels in tomato, suggesting a regulatory role for JA in the synthesis of this metabolite during the AMF symbiosis.

scholarly journals Anti-Rheumatic Effect of Antisense Oligonucleotide Cytos-11 Targeting TNF-α Expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Tatyana P. Makalish ◽  
Ilya O. Golovkin ◽  
Volodymyr V. Oberemok ◽  
Kateryna V. Laikova ◽  
Zenure Z. Temirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotide ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
First Time

The urgency of the search for inexpensive and effective drugs with localized action for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis continues unabated. In this study, for the first time we investigated the Cytos-11 antisense oligonucleotide suppression of TNF-α gene expression in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant. Cytos-11 has been shown to effectively reduce peripheral blood concentrations of TNF-α, reduce joint inflammation, and reduce pannus development. The results achieved following treatment with the antisense oligonucleotide Cytos-11 were similar to those of adalimumab (Humira®); they also compared favorably with those results, which provides evidence of the promise of drugs based on antisense technologies in the treatment of this disease.

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