Physiologic Specialization and Genetic Differentiation of Puccinia triticina Causing Leaf Rust of Wheat in the Indian Subcontinent during 2016-2019

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Chander Bhardwaj ◽  
Subodh Kumar ◽  
Om Prakash Gangwar ◽  
Pramod Prasad ◽  
Prem Lal Kashyap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
High Degree

Wheat is the second most cultivated cereal in the world and is equally important in India. Leaf (brown) rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, was most prevalent among the three rusts in all the wheat-growing areas of India, Bhutan, and Nepal during 2016 to 2019. Leaf rust samples from wheat crops in these countries were pathotyped using the wheat differential genotypes and binomial Indian system of nomenclature. To facilitate international communication, each pathotype identified was also tested on the North American differentials. A total of 33 pathotypes were identified from 1,086 samples, including 3 new pathotypes, 61R47 (162-5 = KHTDM) and 93R49 (49 = NHKTN) from India and 93R57 (20-1 = NHKTL) from Nepal. Two pathotypes, 121R60-1 (77-9/52 = MHTKL) and 121R63-1 (77-5 = THTTM), accounted for 79.46% of the population. Virulence on Lr19 was identified in 0.27% of the samples and from Nepal only. The proportion of pathotype 121R60-1 (77-9 = MHTKL) increased during these years to 57.55%. Virulence was not observed to Lr9, Lr24, Lr25, Lr28, Lr32, Lr39, Lr45, and Lr47 in the population of the Indian subcontinent. Eighteen polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs tested on the isolates amplified 48 alleles with an average of 2.66 alleles per primer pair. Based on SSR genotyping, these pathotypes could be grouped into two clades with further two subclades each. Many of the Lr genes present in Indian wheat germplasm (Lr1, Lr3a, Lr10, Lr11, Lr14a, Lr15, Lr16, Lr17, Lr20, Lr23, and Lr26) were ineffective to a majority of the pathotypes. Most of these varieties possessed a high degree of leaf rust resistance. The field resistance of wheat varieties could be attributed to the interaction of genes, unknown resistance, or adult plant resistance.

scholarly journals Breeding of bread wheat for leaf rust resistance in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 00013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gultyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina Erikss., is one of the most common diseases of wheat in Russia. The paper reviews Lr-genes diversity in Russian commercial wheat varieties. Two hundred and sixty-four winter and one hundred and forty-three spring wheat varieties indexed by the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2005-2018 were studied. It was found that among new varieties, as many as 5% of winter wheat and 30% of spring wheat possess effective seedling resistance. The wide presence of Lr19 and Lr9 genes was detected in the spring wheat. Besides, the high resistance to leaf rust was found in spring wheat varieties with new alien Lr genes (originated from Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey and Aegilops speltoides Tausch. Over 40% of winter wheat varieties have different levels of field resistance as well. The molecular screening revealed three varieties with effective adult plant resistance gene Lr37. Other winter wheat varieties include a range of ineffective genes (Lr1, Lr3, Lr10, Lr26, and Lr34), alone or in various combinations.

scholarly journals Identification of leaf rust resistance genes in the new Russian varieties of common wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Gultyaeva ◽  
E. L. Shaydayuk
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

Background. Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss. is a significant wheat disease in all regions of the Russian Federation. The genetic diversity of the cultivated wheat varieties regarding the type of resistance and genes that control it ensures reliable protection of this crop against the pathogen. The aim of this work was to characterize the diversity of new Russian varieties of winter and spring common wheat for leaf rust resistance genes (Lr-genes).Materials and Methods. The research material was represented by 43 varieties of winter and 25 of spring wheat included in the State Register of Selection Achievements of the Russian Federation in 2018-2020.Results. Using molecular markers, 18 Lr genes were identified: Lr1, Lr3, Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr20, Lr21, Lr24, Lr25, Lr26, Lr28, Lr29, Lr34, Lr35, Lr37, Lr41 (39), Lr47 and Lr66. A phytopathological test was used to clarify the results of molecular analysis. Ninety-three percent of the studied wheat varieties were found to contain Lr genes, either separately or in combinations. These were the highly and partially effective genes Lr24, Lr9, and Lr19, adult plant resistance genes Lr34 and Lr37, and ineffective genes Lr1, Lr3, Lr10, Lr20, and Lr26. The Lr24 gene has been identified for the first time in Russian varieties. The spring variety ‘Leader 80’, harboring this gene, is recommended for cultivation in the West Siberian and East Siberian regions. An effective combination of Lr9 + Lr26 genes, individually overcome by the pathogen, was determined in the spring cultivar ‘Silach’, highly resistant to leaf rust. The Lr9 gene was found in the winter variety ‘Gerda’, which is recommended for cultivation in the North Caucasus region. Previously, the varieties with Lr9 were not grown in the North Caucasus. An increase in the number of leaf rust resistant accessions protected by the effective adult plant resistance gene Lr37 is noted among wheat varieties undergoing regional adaptation testing. Many of the identified Lr genes (Lr19, Lr24, Lr26, Lr34, Lr37) are linked with effective Sr genes (Sr25, Sr24, Sr31, Sr57, and Sr38), which additionally ensures stable genetic protection of wheat against stem rust.Conclusions. The obtained information about representation of Lr genes in wheat varieties should be used in regional breeding programs. A timely replacement of genetically protected varieties allows stabilizing the populational composition of the phytopathogen and reducing the likelihood of epiphytotics.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Leaf Rust Resistance in Six Durum Wheat Genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1322-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Loladze ◽  
Dhouha Kthiri ◽  
Curtis Pozniak ◽  
Karim Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Allelism Tests

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is one of the main fungal diseases limiting durum wheat production. This study aimed to characterize previously undescribed genes for leaf rust resistance in durum wheat. Six different resistant durum genotypes were crossed to two susceptible International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) lines and the resulting F1, F2, and F3 progenies were evaluated for leaf rust reactions in the field and under greenhouse conditions. In addition, allelism tests were conducted. The results of the study indicated that most genotypes carried single effective dominant or recessive seedling resistance genes; the only exception to this was genotype Gaza, which carried one adult plant and one seedling resistance gene. In addition, it was concluded that the resistance genes identified in the current study were neither allelic to LrCamayo or Lr61, nor were they related to Lr3 or Lr14a, the genes that already are either ineffective or are considered to be vulnerable for breeding purposes. A complicated allelic or linkage relationship between the identified genes is discussed. The results of the study will be useful for breeding for durable resistance by creating polygenic complexes.

scholarly journals Mapping of Adult Plant Leaf Rust Resistance in Aus27506 and Validation of Underlying Loci by In-Planta Fungal Biomass Accumulation

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Pakeerathan Kandiah ◽  
Mumta Chhetri ◽  
Matthew Hayden ◽  
Michael Ayliffe ◽  
Harbans Bariana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Ril Population

Among the rust diseases, leaf rust of wheat caused by Puccinia triticina, is the most prevalent worldwide and causes significant yield losses. This study aimed to determine the genomic location of loci that control adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust in the pre-Green Revolution landrace accession, Aus27506, from the “Watkins Collection”. An Aus27506/Aus27229-derived F7 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was screened under field conditions across three cropping seasons and genotyped with the iSelect 90K Infinium SNP bead chip array. One quantitative trait loci (QTL) on each of the chromosomes 1BL, 2B and 2DL explained most of the leaf rust response variation in the RIL population, and these were named QLr.sun-1BL, QLr.sun-2B and QLr.sun-2DL, respectively. QLr.sun-1BL and QLr.sun-2DL were contributed by Aus27506. QLr.sun-1BL is likely Lr46, while QLr.sun-2DL appeared to be a new APR locus. The alternate parent, Aus27229, carried the putatively new APR locus QLr.sun-2B. The comparison of average severities among RILs carrying these QTL in different combinations indicated that QLr.sun-2B does not interact with either of the other two QTL; however, the combination of QLr.sun-1BL and QLr.sun-2DL reduced disease severity significantly. In planta fungal quantification assays validated these results. The RILs carrying QLr.sun-1BL and QLr.sun-2DL did not differ significantly from the parent Aus27506 in terms of resistance. Aus27506 can be used as a source of adult plant leaf rust resistance in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Mapping of Adult Plant Leaf Rust Resistance in Aus27506 and Validation of Underlying Loci by In-Planta Fungal Biomass Accumulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pakeerathan Kandiah ◽  
Mumta Chhetri ◽  
Matthew Hayden ◽  
Michael Ayliffe ◽  
Harbans Bariana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Ril Population

Among the rust diseases, leaf rust of wheat caused by Puccinia triticina, is the most prevalent worldwide and causes significant yield losses. This study aimed to determine the genomic location of loci that control adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust in the pre-Green Revolution landrace accession, Aus27506, from the ‘Watkins Collection’. An Aus27506/Aus27229-derived F7 recombinant inbred (RIL) population was screened under field conditions across three cropping seasons and genotyped with the iSelect 90K Infinium SNP bead chip array. One QTL on each of chromosomes 1BL, 2B and 2DL explained most of the leaf rust response variation in the RIL population and were named QLr.sun-1BL, QLr.sun-2B and QLr.sun-2DL, respectively. QLr.sun-1BL and QLr.sun-2DL were contributed by Aus27506. QLr.sun-1BL is likely Lr46, while QLr.sun-2DL appeared to be a new APR locus. The alternate parent, Aus27229, carried the putatively new APR locus QLr.sun-2B. Comparisons of average severities among RILs carrying these QTL in different combinations indicated that QLr.sun-2B does not interact with either of the other two QTL; however, the combination of QLr.sun-1BL and QLr.sun-2DL reduced disease severity significantly. In-planta fungal quantification assays validated these results. The RILs carrying QLr.sun-1BL and QLr.sun-2DL did not differ significantly from parent Aus27506 in resistance. Aus27506 can be used as a source of adult plant leaf rust resistance in breeding programs.

ADULT PLANT RESISTANCE IN WHEAT TO PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF PUCCINIA TRITICINA ERIKSS.

1943 ◽  
Vol 21c (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Newton ◽  
T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Derivatives Of

Nine wheat varieties were studied in two stages of growth, the seedling stage and the heading stage, for their reaction to a number of physiologic races of leaf rust of wheat, Puccinia triticina Erikss. Several varieties susceptible to certain physiologic races in the seedling stage were found to acquire, as they grew to maturity, a resistance to these races. In the adult plant, the resistance was greatest in the uppermost leaves but diminished progressively on lower leaves. The varieties tested fell into three groups on the basis of their rust reaction. (1) Renown and Regent, which developed adult plant resistance to all of the 19 races to which they were tested. In these two varieties, and possibly in other derivatives of H-44 and Hope, adult plant resistance to physiologic races of leaf rust may be a generalized phenomenon comparable to the resistance such varieties show towards stem rust. (2) Thatcher, Apex, Marquis, Reward, and Kenya R.L. 1373, which showed adult plant resistance only to certain physiologic races, a condition not hitherto encountered in other cereal rusts. (3) McMurachy and Warden × Hybrid, each of which reacted somewhat similarly in the seedling and heading stages, the former being susceptible and the latter resistant in both stages.

Adult-plant leaf rust resistance in Thatcher and Marquis wheat: a genetic analysis of the host–parasite interaction

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bartos ◽  
P. L. Dyck ◽  
D. J. Samborski
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Host Genes ◽  
Adult Plants

Inheritance of adult-plant resistance to race 9 of leaf rust was investigated in the wheat varieties Thatcher and Marquis. Resistance was conferred by the same recessive gene in both varieties. The genetics of virulence on adult plants of Thatcher was studied in a F2 population of cultures from a cross between races 9 and 161. A single recessive gene conferred virulence on adult plants of Thatcher. This gene was inherited independently of the genes that condition virulence on host genes Lr1, Lr2, Lr3, and Lr11.

scholarly journals QTL mapping of adult plant and seedling resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) in a multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) wheat population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Rollar ◽  
Albrecht Serfling ◽  
Manuel Geyer ◽  
Lorenz Hartl ◽  
Volker Mohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
Advanced Generation

Abstract Key message The Bavarian MAGIC Wheat population, comprising 394 F6:8 recombinant inbred lines was phenotyped for Puccinia triticina resistance in multi-years’ field trials at three locations and in a controlled environment seedling test. Simple intervall mapping revealed 19 QTL, corresponding to 11 distinct chromosomal regions. Abstract The biotrophic rust fungus Puccinia triticina is one of the most important wheat pathogens with the potential to cause yield losses up to 70%. Growing resistant cultivars is the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly way to encounter this problem. The emergence of leaf rust races being virulent against common resistance genes increases the demand for wheat varieties with novel resistances. In the past decade, the use of complex experimental populations, like multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) populations, has risen and offers great advantages for mapping resistances. The genetic diversity of multiple parents, which has been recombined over several generations, leads to a broad phenotypic diversity, suitable for high-resolution mapping of quantitative traits. In this study, interval mapping was performed to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for leaf rust resistance in the Bavarian MAGIC Wheat population, comprising 394 F6:8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Phenotypic evaluation of the RILs for adult plant resistance was carried out in field trials at three locations and two years, as well as in a controlled-environment seedling inoculation test. In total, interval mapping revealed 19 QTL, which corresponded to 11 distinct chromosomal regions controlling leaf rust resistance. Six of these regions may represent putative new QTL. Due to the elite parental material, RILs identified to be resistant to leaf rust can be easily introduced in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genetics of Leaf Rust Resistance in Brambling Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1111-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. X. Zhang ◽  
R. P. Singh ◽  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
J. Huerta-Espino ◽  
Y. Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Adult Plants

The CIMMYT-developed spring wheat ‘Brambling’ has a high level of adult-plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. Our objectives were to determine the genetic basis of resistance in seedlings and adult plants and the magnitude of genotype × environment effects on the expression of APR. Brambling was crossed with spring wheat ‘Jupateco 73S’ that is highly susceptible to current predominant P. triticina races in Mexico and the United States. The F1, F2:3, F4:5, F4:6, and F5:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were evaluated under artificial field epidemics in Mexico and St. Paul, MN. The RILs also were tested with five races of P. triticina in greenhouse seedling experiments. A DNA marker was used to postulate the presence of slow-rusting gene Lr34 in the RILs. F1 data suggested strong dominant effect of the APR genes in Brambling. The proportion of homozygous susceptible lines in each generation indicated the presence of three effective resistance genes in adult plants of Brambling in tests in Mexico and three or four genes in tests in St. Paul. The RILs segregated for seedling genes Lr14a and Lr23 and adult-plant slow-rusting gene Lr34 derived from Brambling and Lr17a from Jupateco 73S. Gene Lr23 conditioned APR to P. triticina races present in the St. Paul nursery and accounted for the additional effective gene at this location. Expression of APR was influenced by the environment in the RILs, even though Brambling displayed a consistent response, indicating that stability of APR can be achieved by combinations of slow-rusting resistance genes.

scholarly journals Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Leaf Rust Resistance in the Wheat Population Ning7840 × Clark

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1974-1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlian Li ◽  
Zhonghua Wang ◽  
Chunxin Li ◽  
Robert Bowden ◽  
Guihua Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Rust Severity

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is an important fungal disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and causes significant yield losses worldwide. To determine quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for leaf rust resistance, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from a cross of Ning7840 × Clark was evaluated for leaf rust severity, and was genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using 9K Illumina chips, and with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Two major QTLs on chromosome arms 7DS and 3BS, and two minor QTLs on chromosomes 5AS and 6AS showed a significant effect on leaf rust severity. The 7DS QTL from Ning7840 and the 3BS QTL from Clark explained, respectively, about 35% and 18% of the phenotypic variation for leaf rust resistance. The QTL on 7DS was confirmed to be Lr34. The QTL on 3BS, QLr.hwwg-3B.1, was associated with adult plant resistance and was provisionally identified as Lr74. QLr.hwwg-5AS and QLr.hwwg-6AS from Ning7840 and Clark, respectively, may correspond to previously described QTLs. Lr34, QLr.hwwg-3BS.1, and QLr.hwwg-6AS had an additive effect on leaf rust severity. RILs with all three favorable alleles showed the highest resistance to leaf rust and the RILs with none of them showed the lowest resistance.

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