scholarly journals First Report of Meloidogyne javanica on Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-165
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
Y. Xie ◽  
H. D. Cui ◽  
Y. Dong
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Isoenzyme Analysis ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Plukenetia Volubilis ◽  
Sacha Inchi

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is a plant native to the rain forest of the Peruvian Amazon region. Because of its high protein and oil content as well as general nutritional quality, it is regarded as a promising new crop. Successfully introduced from South America in 2006, Sacha inchi has been cultivated in Xishuangbanna, in the southwestern region of Yunnan Province, China. During an investigation from August to October of 2012, severely stunted and withered Sacha inchi plants with rotted and galled root were observed in fields. Dissection of galled root tissue revealed mature root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp) females with body cavity filled with red color contents. The population was extracted and quantified from soil and root samples and identified to species by morphology, esterase (EST) isozyme phenotypes, and molecular characterization (3). Mean populations of 774 ± 251 Meloidogyne second stage juveniles (J2) per 100 cm3 of soil were extracted from the rhizosphere of symptomatic plants. These juveniles (n = 20) were characterized by length (410 to 480 μm) and hyaline tail terminus length (11 to 17 μm). Females (n = 20) were characterized by stylet length (14.1 to 17.3 μm) and the perineal pattern (rounded with fine striae, low to moderately high dorsal arch, and a distinct lateral field clearly demarcated from striae by parallel lines). The distinct lateral lines of the perineal pattern are diagnostic for this species (3). Gravid females were used for esterase (Est) isoenzyme analysis, and showed the J3 phenotype (relative migration rate [Rm] = 1.0, 1.25, and 1.4), typical of M. javanica, a species-specific phenotype used to differentiate this species from other members of Meloidogyne (1). Additionally, three single egg masses associated with red body females were extracted from the field-collected Sacha inchi roots and inoculated onto three potted tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Rutgers’) and maintained in the greenhouse for 8 weeks until root galls and egg masses were visible. The observation of root-knot nematodes from tomato roots showed that all females' bodies were normal white, and the nematode species was also identified as M. javanica based on the esterase phenotype and the perineal pattern. It is suggested that the red body contents associated with females on Sacha inchi is the result of an unknown chemical compound acquired from that host. Although undetermined to species, Meloidogyne has been reported on Sacha inchi in Peru (2). To our knowledge, this is the first detection of M. javanica on this plant. Since M. javanica is widely distributed throughout the tropics, this root-knot nematode could be an important threat to the commercial cultivation of Sacha inchi. References: (1) R. M. Carneiro et al. Nematol. 2:645, 2000. (2) P. D. P. de Bienes. Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.). Base de datos, 2010. (3) R. N. Perry et al. Root-Knot Nematodes. CABI. Wallingford, UK, 2009.

scholarly journals Histological Characterization of Resistance to Different Root-Knot Nematode Species Related to Phenolics Accumulation in Capsicum annuum

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pegard ◽  
G. Brizzard ◽  
A. Fazari ◽  
O. Soucaze ◽  
P. Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Resistant Line ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Chromatography Analysis

In the pepper Capsicum annuum CM334, which is used by breeders as a source of resistance to Phytophthora spp. and potyviruses, a resistance gene entirely suppresses reproduction of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). The current study compared the histological responses of this resistant line and a susceptible cultivar to infection with the three most damaging root-knot nematodes: M. arenaria, M. incognita, or M. javanica. Resistance of CM334 to root-knot nematodes was associated with unidentified factors that limited nematode penetration and with post-penetration biochemical responses, including the hypersensitive response, which apparently blocked nematode migration and thereby prevented juvenile development and reproduction. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis suggested that phenolic compounds, especially chlorogenic acid, may be involved in CM334 resistance. The response to infection in the resistant line varied with root-knot nematode species and was correlated with nematode behavior and pathogenicity in the susceptible cultivar: nematode species that quickly reached the vascular cylinder and initiated feeding sites in the susceptible cultivar were quickly recognized in CM334 and stopped in the epidermis or cortex. After comparing our data with those from other resistant pepper lines, we suggest that timing of the resistance response and the mechanism of resistance vary with plant genotype, resistance gene, and root-knot nematode species.

scholarly journals A new root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne vitis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), parasitizing grape in Yunnan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245201
Author(s):  
Yanmei Yang ◽  
Xianqi Hu ◽  
Pei Liu ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Huan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Labial Disc

An unknown root-knot nematode was found at high density on grape roots collected from Yunnan Province. Morphometric traits and measurements, isozyme phenotypes, and molecular analysis clearly differentiated this nematode from previously described root-knot nematodes. This new species is described, illustrated and named Meloidogyne vitis sp. nov. The new species can be distinguished from other Meloidogyne spp. by a unique combination of characters. Females display a prominent neck, an excretory pore is located on the ventral region between 23rd and 25th annule behind lips, an EP/ST ratio of approximately 2.5 (1.98–2.96), a perineal pattern with two large and prominent phasmids, and a labial disc fused with the medial lips to form a dumbbell-shaped structure. Males display an obvious head region, a labial disc fused with the medial lips to form a dumbbell-shaped structure, no lateral lips, a prominent slit-like opening between the labial disc and medial lips, a distinct sunken appearance of the middle of the medial lips, and four incisures in the lateral field. Second-stage juveniles are characterized by a head region with slightly wrinkled mark, a labial disc fused with the medial lips to form a dumbbell-shaped structure, a slightly sunken appearance of the middle of the medial lips, a slit-like amphidial openings between the labial disc and lateral lips, and four incisures in the lateral field. The new species has rare Mdh (N3d) and Est phenotypes (VF1). Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, D2D3 fragments of rDNA, and coxI and coxII fragments of mtDNA sequences clearly separated the new species from other root-knot nematodes, and the closest relative was Meloidogyne mali. Meloidogyne mali was collected for amplifying these sequences as mentioned above, which were compared with the corresponding sequences of new species, the result showed that all of these sequences with highly base divergence (48–210 base divergence). Moreover, sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers for rapid identification of this new species were designed.

scholarly journals Host Status of Lisianthus `Mariachi Lime Green' for Three Species of Root-knot Nematodes

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schochow ◽  
Steven A. Tjosvold ◽  
Antoon T. Ploeg
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Host Status

Lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] plants were grown in soil infested with increasing densities of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, or M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, root-knot nematodes. Compared to tomato plants grown in soil with the same nematode numbers and species, lisianthus had less severe root symptoms, suffered less damage, and resulted in lower nematode multiplication rates. Lisianthus was a better host for M. javanica than for M. incognita, and a poor host for M. hapla. Lisianthus shoot weights were significantly reduced after inoculation with M. javanica or M. hapla, but not after M. incognita inoculation. The number of flowers produced per lisianthus plant was reduced by all three nematode species. The results show that the root-knot nematode species that are most common in California may cause significant damage in the cut-flower production of lisianthus.

scholarly journals Host Reactions of Sweetpotato Genotypes to Root-knot Nematodes and Variation in Virulence of Meloidogyne incognita Populations

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1112-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Cervantes-Flores ◽  
G.C. Yencho ◽  
E.L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Host Race ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Differential Reaction ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Soil Mix

Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] genotypes were evaluated for resistance to North Carolina root-knot nematode populations: Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood races 1 and 2; M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood races 1, 2, 3, and 4; and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood. Resistance screening was conducted using 150-cm3 Conetainers containing 3 sand: 1 soil mix. Nematode infection and reproduction were assessed as the number of egg masses produced by root-knot nematodes per root system. Host suitability for the root-knot nematode populations differed among the 27 sweetpotato genotypes studied. Five genotypes (`Beauregard', L86-33, PDM P6, `Porto Rico', and `Pelican Processor') were selected for further study based on their differential reaction to the different root-knot nematodes tested. Two African landraces (`Tanzania' and `Wagabolige') were also selected because they were resistant to all the nematode species tested. The host status was tested against the four original M. incognita races, and an additional eight populations belonging to four host races, but collected from different geographical regions. The virulence of root-knot nematode populations of the same host race varied among and within sweetpotato genotypes. `Beauregard', L86-33, and PDM P6 were hosts for all 12 M. incognita populations, but differences in the aggressiveness of the isolates were observed. `Porto Rico' and `Pelican Processor' had different reactions to the M. incognita populations, regardless of the host race. Several clones showed resistance to all M. incognita populations tested. These responses suggest that different genes could be involved in the resistance of sweetpotato to root-knot nematodes. The results also suggest that testing Meloidogyne populations against several different sweetpotato hosts may be useful in determining the pathotypes affecting sweetpotato.

scholarly journals Community Analysis of Nematodes Associated with Banana, Identification of root knot nematode and Evaluation the Susceptibility of Some Cultivars to Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radwa G. Mostafa ◽  
Aida M. El-Zawahry ◽  
Ashraf E. M. Khalil ◽  
Ameer E. Elfarash ◽  
Ali D. A. Allam
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract Background Plant-parasitic nematodes are extremely dangerous pests in a variety of economically important crops. The purpose of this study was a survey of all nematode species existing in banana from three sites in Assiut Governorate, Egypt and to characterize the most common species by morphological, morphometric and molecular techniques (PCR with species-specific primers). Then, study of resistance or sensitivity of some banana cultivars to root-knot nematodes.Methods and Results Four nematodes, Meloidogyne, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Helicotylenchus and Pratylenchus were isolated and identified from soil and root samples collected from banana plants. Most frequently occurring of plant parasitic nematode species in banana was Meloidogyne. Former research found differences in species and in resistance to root-knot nematodes among the examined plant cultivars. Identification of Root-knot nematodes by Characterize of morphometric, molecularly, morphological isolate of Meloidogyne related to banana plants. The results revealed that the identified nematode species, Meloidogyne javanica, is the most common plant-parasitic nematodes in all locations. Data on the susceptibility of the tested banana cultivars to M. javanica revealed that Grand Naine was highly susceptible (HS) however, Magraby was susceptible (S) but Williams and Hindi cultivars were moderately resistant (MR).Conclusions we concluded that a survey revealed the significant prevalence of Meloidogyne javanica, the most important nematodes on banana in Assiut. The morphometric, morphological, and molecular identification were harmonic with one another. In addition to the host response of certain banana cultivars, to M. javanica that resistance is of significance and can be helpful to incorporate through planning control measures for root- knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Saccharum spontaneum, a Novel Source of Resistance to Root-Lesion and Root-Knot Nematodes in Sugarcane

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2288-2294
Author(s):  
Shamsul A. Bhuiyan ◽  
Kylie Garlick ◽  
George Piperidis
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae) and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) are two important pathogens of sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid). No commercial cultivars are resistant to these nematodes in Australia. Twenty accession lines of S. spontaneum, a wild relative of sugarcane, were tested against these two nematode species. S. spontaneum lines were tested twice for resistance to root-lesion nematode and three times for root-knot nematode. Reproduction (final population/starting population) of root-lesion nematodes was significantly lower in 17 of the 20 S. spontaneum accession lines tested in two experiments compared with two commercial cultivars. Four S. spontaneum lines supported a significantly lower number of root-lesion nematodes per gram of root than that of two commercial sugarcane cultivars. Reproduction of root-knot nematodes was significantly lower in 16 S. spontaneum lines compared with two commercial cultivars. Fourteen of the S. spontaneum lines tested supported significantly fewer eggs per gram of root compared with two commercial cultivars. This study showed that S. spontaneum lines possessed resistance for root-lesion and root-knot nematodes. Targeted crossing with commercial hybrid parental lines should be conducted to introduce nematode resistance into sugarcane cultivars for the Australian sugar industry.

Greenhouse and field resistance in cucumber to root-knot nematodes

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alan Walters ◽  
Todd C. Wehner ◽  
Kenneth R. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Multiple Root ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Race 2

Abstract Ten cultigens were evaluated for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica under greenhouse and field conditions. Resistance to M. arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica was verified in Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii line LJ 90430 and to M. arenaria race 2 in C. sativus var. sativus Southern Pickler and Mincu in a greenhouse test. Another cultigen of C. sativus var. hardwickii (PI 215589) was found to be resistant to M. arenaria race 2 but not to other root-knot nematode species tested. LJ 90430 is the cultigen of choice to develop root-knot nematode resistant cucumbers, since it has multiple root-knot nematode resistance and is cross-compatible with cucumber. Greenhouse and field data were positively correlated (r = 0.74) over both years. Experiment repeatabilities were calculated from the cultigens infected with root-knot nematodes under both greenhouse and field conditions. Four environments (greenhouse and field over 2 years) were used in the analysis. Repeatabilities were high in all instances (ranging from 0.83-0.99) and indicated that the environment (field or greenhouse) was not an important factor in assessing root-knot nematode resistance for the cultigens evaluated. Resistenz von Gurkengegen Wurzelgallennematoden im Gewachshaus undim Freiland - Unter Gewachshausund Freilandbedingungen wurden zehn Cultigene auf ihre Resistenz gegen Meloidogyne arenaria Rassen 1 und 2 und gegen M. javanica gepruft. Bei Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii Linie LJ 90430 wurde im Gewachshausversuch Resistenz gegen M. arenaria Rassen 1 und 2 sowie gegen M. javanica nachgewiesen, und in C. sativus var. sativus "Southern Pickler" und "Mincu" Resistenz gegen M. arenaria Rasse 2. Cultigen C. sativus var. hardwickii (PI 215589) war resistent gegen M. arenaria Rasse 2 aber nicht gegen die anderen gepruften Arten von Wurzelgallennematoden. LJ 90430 ist das Cultigen der Wahl bei der Entwicklung von Gurken, die gegen Wurzelgallennematoden resistent sind, da es multiple Resistenzen gegen Wurzelgallennematoden besitzt und kreuzungsvertraglich mit Gurke ist. Die Ergebnisse der Gewachshaus- und Feldversuche waren uber beide Versuchsjahre hin positiv korreliert (r = 0,74). Ausgehend von den Cultigenen, die im Gewachshaus und im Freiland mit Wurzelgallennematoden infiziert waren, wurden die Wiederholbarkeiten der Versuche berechnet. Dabei wurden vier verschiedene Umweltbedingungen (Gewachshaus und Freiland uber zwei Jahre) verwendet. Die Wiederholbarkeiten waren in allen Fallen hoch (0,83-0,99) und zeigten an, dass die Umwelt (Freiland oder Gewachshaus) kein wichtiger Faktor bei der Bestimmung der Resistenz gegen Wurzelgallennematoden bei den gepruften Cultigenen war.

Oat, wheat and sorghum cultivars for the management of Meloidogyne enterolobii

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Lima de Brida ◽  
Bárbara Monteiro de Castro e Castro ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
José Eduardo Serrão ◽  
Silvia Renata Siciliano Wilcken
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Reproduction Factor

Meloidogyne enterolobii, reported in different regions of Brazil, is a polyphagous nematode parasitising plants resistant to other root-knot nematode species. This study evaluated the resistance of six cultivars of Avena sativa, seven cultivars of Triticum aestivum and 13 hybrids of Sorghum bicolor to M. enterolobii. The experiment was conducted in a glasshouse. The soil was autoclaved and infested with 5000 eggs of M. enterolobii. The tomato ‘Rutgers’ was used as the susceptible standard to this nematode. The indices of galls, egg masses, and reproduction factor of M. enterolobii were evaluated 60 days after inoculation. This nematode did not reproduce in any of the genotypes considered resistant. The oat, wheat and sorghum cultivars studied may be recommended for crop rotation in areas infested with M. enterolobii.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of six tomato cultivars to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil K. Singh ◽  
Uma R. Khurma
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

Six tomato cultivars Moneymaker, Beefsteak, Roma, Summertaste, Mini Roma and Smallfry were tested for their susceptibility to root- knot nematodes at inoculum levels of 200, 400, 600 Juveniles (J2) per pot. All were found to be susceptible to varying degrees as egg masses were present in all with Moneymaker and Roma being the most susceptible and Mini Roma, the least susceptible. The inoculum levels had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the number of galls and plant weights. The gall numbers and plant weights was negatively correlated, with the highest gall numbers and lowest plant weights recorded at the highest inoculum level in all cultivars except in Mini Roma in which there was little variation in gall numbers and plant weights.

scholarly journals First Report of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on Sunflowers in Mozambique

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1333-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zazzerini ◽  
L. Tosi ◽  
P. M. Vicente
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
First Report ◽  
Alternaria Helianthi ◽  
Disease Surveys ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) recently was reintroduced to Mozambique because of renewed interest in oil-seed production for domestic consumption. In April 1997, disease surveys were carried out in two fields in southern Mozambique (Maputo region). Several plants of Pan 735, a South African cultivar, showed yellowing of the leaves and stunting. These plants wilted during the day but recovered their turgidity at night. Diseased plants were easily pulled from the soil due to almost complete destruction of the root system. Numerous galls were found on affected roots, compared with healthy plants. Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood and M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood were identified by M. Di Vito (personal communication) based on 20 female perineal patterns observed with a light microscope. M. incognita was more prevalent than M. javanica. Also observed were Alternaria helianthi (Hansf.) Tubaki & Nishihara and Sclerotium bataticola Taub. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), common on sunflower, cause severe damage and reduce both seed yield and seed oil content (1). These two nematode species have also been observed on sunflower in other African countries (Zambia, South Africa, Egypt) but this is the first report of root-knot nematode on sunflower in Mozambique. Reference: (1) M. Di Vito et al. Nematol. Medit. 24:109, 1996.

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