scholarly journals Weather-Based Models for Assessing the Risk of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Apothecial Presence in Soybean (Glycine max) Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime F. Willbur ◽  
Mamadou L. Fall ◽  
Christopher Bloomingdale ◽  
Adam M. Byrne ◽  
Scott A. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Moving Averages ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) epidemics in soybean, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, are currently responsible for annual yield reductions in the United States of up to 1 million metric tons. In-season disease management is largely dependent on chemical control but its efficiency and cost-effectiveness depends on both the chemistry used and the risk of apothecia formation, germination, and further dispersal of ascospores during susceptible soybean growth stages. Hence, accurate prediction of the S. sclerotiorum apothecial risk during the soybean flowering period could enable farmers to improve in-season SSR management. From 2014 to 2016, apothecial presence or absence was monitored in three irrigated (n = 1,505 plot-level observations) and six nonirrigated (n = 2,361 plot-level observations) field trials located in Iowa (n = 156), Michigan (n = 1,400), and Wisconsin (n = 2,310), for a total of 3,866 plot-level observations. Hourly air temperature, relative humidity, dew point, wind speed, leaf wetness, and rainfall were also monitored continuously, throughout the season, at each location using high-resolution gridded weather data. Logistic regression models were developed for irrigated and nonirrigated conditions using apothecial presence as a binary response variable. Agronomic variables (row width) and weather-related variables (defined as 30-day moving averages, prior to apothecial presence) were tested for their predictive ability. In irrigated soybean fields, apothecial presence was best explained by row width (r = −0.41, P < 0.0001), 30-day moving averages of daily maximum air temperature (r = 0.27, P < 0.0001), and daily maximum relative humidity (r = 0.16, P < 0.05). In nonirrigated fields, apothecial presence was best explained by using moving averages of daily maximum air temperature (r = –0.30, P < 0.0001) and wind speed (r = –0.27, P < 0.0001). These models correctly predicted (overall accuracy of 67 to 70%) apothecial presence during the soybean flowering period for four independent datasets (n = 1,102 plot-level observations or 30 daily mean observations).

scholarly journals Cladosporium spores in the air of Szczecin

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Grinn-Gofroń
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

Moulds are common aeroallergens and <i>Cladosporium</i> is considered to be the most prevalent of them. The objective of the studies was to determine the seasonal variation in concentrations of <i>Cladosporium</i> spores due to meteorological parameters. The meteorological parameters analysed were maximum air temperature, relative humidity, amount of precipitation and wind speed. The greatest threat from <i>Cladosporium</i> allergens was posed from the middle of May (2004, 2006) and June (2005) till the middle of October (2005) and in the end of October (2004) till the middle of November (2006). Statistically significant correlations were found among the <i>Cladosporium</i> spore count in the air and maximum air temperature in all the analysed seasons, and amount of precipitation only in one season. The spore count of <i>Cladosporium</i> was determined by weather conditions, especially by air temperature.

scholarly journals Statistical Forecast of Daily Maximum Air Temperature in Arid Areas at Summertime

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-365
Author(s):  
Monim Al-Jiboori ◽  
Mahmoud Jawad Abu Al-Shaeer ◽  
Ahemd S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Forecast Errors ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

Based on historical observations of summers for the period from 2004 to 2018 with a focus on daily maximum and minimum air temperatures and wind speed recorded at 0600 GMT, a non-linear regression hypothesis is developed for forecasting daily maximum air temperature (Tmax) in arid areas such as Baghdad International airport station, which has a hot climate with no cloud cover or rain. Observations with dust storm events were excluded, thus this hypothesis could be used to predict daily Tmax on any day during summers characterized by fair weather. Using mean annual daily temperature range, daily minimum temperature, and the trend of maximum temperature with wind speed, Tmax was forecasted and then compared to those recorded by meteorological instruments. To improve the accuracy of the hypothesis, daily forecast errors, bias, and mean absolute error were analyzed to detect their characteristics through calculating relative frequencies of occurrence. At the end of this analysis, a value of (-0.45ºC) was added to the hypothesis as a bias term.

scholarly journals Solar Radiation, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Dew Point Study: Damak, Jhapa, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Arati Thapa ◽  
Hima Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Summer Maximum ◽  
Online Calculator ◽  
Climatic Phenomenon

Monitoring and prediction of the climatic phenomenon are of keen interest in recent years because it has great influence in the lives of people and their environments. This paper is aimed at reporting the variation of daily and monthly solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity (RH), and dew point over the year of 2013 based on the data obtained from the weather station situated in Damak, Nepal. The result shows that on a clear day, the variation of solar radiation and RH follows the Gaussian function in which the first one has an upward trend and the second one has a downward trend. However, the change in air temperature satisfies the sine function. The dew point temperature shows somewhat complex behavior. Monthly variation of solar radiation, air temperature, and dew point shows a similar pattern, lower at winter and higher in summer. Maximum solar radiation (331 Wm-2) was observed in May and minimum (170 Wm-2) in December. Air temperature and dew point had the highest value from June to September nearly at 29°C and 25°C, respectively. The lowest value of the relative humidity (55.4%) in April indicates the driest month of the year. Dew point was also calculated from the actual readings of air temperature and relative humidity using the online calculator, and the calculated value showed the exact linear relationship with the observed value. The diurnal and nocturnal temperature of each month showed that temperature difference was relatively lower (less than 10°C) at summer rather than in winter.

Micro-climatological influences on temperature condition in an old people’s home in Helsinki, Finland, caused by extended heat-waves 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Drebs ◽  
Tim Sinsel ◽  
Kirsti Jylhä
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Old People ◽  
Concrete Walls ◽  
Meteorological Forcing ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Wave Event ◽  
Construction Type ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

&lt;p&gt;In our research we describe the micro-climatological influences of two heat-waves around and the air temperature development in a certain old people&amp;#8217;s home in Helsinki, Finland. The stand-alone six-storey concrete building was erected in the late 1970&amp;#8217;s and represents the prevailing construction type of this area. The building is located on a slightly southwards declining slope.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first simulation used real meteorological forcing-data from the heat-wave event in summer 2018, which lasted from July, 13&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; until August, 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;. In this period the daily maximum air temperature reached almost every day 25 &amp;#176;C and more, sometimes even more than 30 &amp;#176;C. All air temperature, wind, humidity, and solar radiation (cloudiness) measurements were conducted at a near-by synoptical weather station.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second simulation used fourteen-day constructed meteorological forcing-data, based on a clear-sky, slowly increasing air temperature, higher than normal humidity, and low wind conditions assumption starting on July, 13&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; (day 194 of the year).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We used the holistic ENVI-met simulation soft-ware to simulate the physical environment around the old people&amp;#8217;s home and especially the energy fluxes inside the concrete walls to explain the needs for cooling demands.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The research is part of the HEATCLIM-project financed by the Academy of Finland Science Program CLIHE (2020-2023).&lt;/p&gt;

Empirical Equations to Estimate Evapotranspiration in Mosul City

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Haqqi Yasin ◽  
Luma Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Daily Sunshine ◽  
Measured Wind Speed

Average daily data of solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed and air temperature from 1980 to 2008 are used to estimate the daily reference evapotranspiration in the Mosul City, North of Iraq. ETo calculator software with the Penman Monteith method standardized by the Food and Agriculture Organization is used for calculations. Further, a nonlinear regression approach using SPSS Statistics is utilized to drive the daily reference evapotranspiration relationships in which ETo is function to one or more of the average daily air temperature, actual daily sunshine duration, measured wind speed at 2m height and relative humidity

The atmospheric conditions affecting sporulation of blue mould in tobacco

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (13) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
BG Collins
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Critical Parameter ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Blue Mould ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Critical Relative Humidity

Conditions favouring sporulation of blue mould (Peronospora tabacina Adam) having been established in the laboratory, a theoretical model has now been used to express the critical parameter, i.e. the relative humidity near the leaf surface where the spores form, in terms of the ambient atmospheric conditions. To test the validity of this model, wind speed, air temperature, and relative humidity mere measured over four growing seasons in three tobacco crops in the Ovens Valley, Victoria, and related to times of sporulation of the mould observed concurrently in these crops. 'Critical relative humidity,' a function of wind speed, air temperature, and heat loss from the crop is shown to be a more serviceable indicator of likelihood of sporulation than either ambient relative humidity or rainfall.

Concentration Features and Elemental Characteristics of PM10 in Brown Haze Episode

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1661-1664
Author(s):  
Li Kun Huang ◽  
Chung Shin Yuan ◽  
Guang Zhi Wang ◽  
Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Haze Episode ◽  
Respirable Particulate ◽  
Haze Days

The correlation between PM10 and meteorological factors were investigated, such as wind speed, atmospheric visibility, dew point, relative humidity, and ambient temperature during the brown haze episode. In order to identify the elemental characteristics and concentration features of PM10 during brown haze episode, respirable particulate matter (PM10) was collected during non-haze days and haze days and further analyzed for 20 elements. Among the metallic elements, S, K, Si, and Ca contributed major composition of PM10. S came mainly from coal burning and K was mainly attributed from incinerators and abandoned biomass burning. Furthermore, As was not detectable in non-haze days, while its concentration was 0.15~0.17 μg/m3 in haze days, which would be very much harmful to human health. However, the variation of Sr, Ti, Cr, and Cd was insignificantly, mainly due to low relevance with human activities and/or cross-boundary transportation.

POSSIBLE CHANGES OF CLIMATE CONDITIONS IN UKRAINE TO THE MIDDLE OF THE XXI CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
L.V. Malytska ◽  
V. O Balabukh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
A1b Scenario

In Ukraine, as in the world, substantial climatic changes have happened throughout past decades. It is a fact that they are manifested in changing of parameters of the thermal regime, regimes of wind and humidity. It is expected that they will be observed also in future that will lead to aggravation of negative effects and risks due to climate change. That determines the relevance of the problem of forecasting such changes in future both globally and regionally. After all, knowledge of climate’s behavior in future is very important in the development of strategies, program and measures to adapt to climate change. The article is devoted to assessing spatio-temporal distribution main climatic indicators (air temperature, wind speed and relative humidity) in Ukraine, their variability and the probable values to the middle of the 21st century (2021-2050). Projection of changes in meteorological conditions was made for A1B scenario of SRES family using data of the regional climate model REMO and data from the hydrometeorological observation network of Ukraine (175 stations). Estimated data obtained from the European FP-6 ENSEMBLES project with a resolution of 25 km. For spatial distribution (mapping) we used open-source Geographic Information System QGIS, type of geographic coordinate system for project is WGS84. In the middle of the XXI century, if A1B scenario is released, it is expected a significant changes of climatic parameters regarding the 1981-2010 climatic norm: air temperature is rise by 1,5 °C, average wind speed is decrease by 5-8%, relative humidity in winter probably drop by 2%, but in summer it rises by 1,5%. The unidirectionality of the changes is characteristic only of air temperature, for wind speed and relative humidity the changes are in different directions. The intensity of changes is also not uniform across the country for all climatic parameters, has its regional and seasonal features. Statistical likelihood for most of highlighted changes for all climatic parameters is 66 % and more, the air temperature change is virtually certain (p-level <0.001).

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