Concentration Features and Elemental Characteristics of PM10 in Brown Haze Episode

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1661-1664
Author(s):  
Li Kun Huang ◽  
Chung Shin Yuan ◽  
Guang Zhi Wang ◽  
Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Haze Episode ◽  
Respirable Particulate ◽  
Haze Days

The correlation between PM10 and meteorological factors were investigated, such as wind speed, atmospheric visibility, dew point, relative humidity, and ambient temperature during the brown haze episode. In order to identify the elemental characteristics and concentration features of PM10 during brown haze episode, respirable particulate matter (PM10) was collected during non-haze days and haze days and further analyzed for 20 elements. Among the metallic elements, S, K, Si, and Ca contributed major composition of PM10. S came mainly from coal burning and K was mainly attributed from incinerators and abandoned biomass burning. Furthermore, As was not detectable in non-haze days, while its concentration was 0.15~0.17 μg/m3 in haze days, which would be very much harmful to human health. However, the variation of Sr, Ti, Cr, and Cd was insignificantly, mainly due to low relevance with human activities and/or cross-boundary transportation.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and the Weather: Correlation between COVID-19 and Meteorological Variables in 3 Cities in Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-91
Author(s):  
Hermes Ulises Ramirez-Sanchez ◽  
Alma Delia Ortiz-Bañuelos ◽  
Aida Lucia Fajardo-Montiel
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Infected Person

Meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction are associated with the dispersion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through aerosols, particles <5μm are suspended in the air being infective at least three hours and dispersing from eight to ten meters. It has been shown that a 10-minute conversation, an infected person produces up to 6000 aerosol particles, which remain in the air from minutes to hours, depending on the prevailing weather conditions. Objective: To establish the correlation between meteorological variables, confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 in the 3 most important cities of Mexico. Methodology: A retrospective ecological study was conducted to evaluate the correlation of meteorological factors with COVID-19 cases and deaths in three Mexican cities. Results: The correlations between health and meteorological variables show that in the CDMX the meteorological variables that best correlate with the health variables are Temperature (T), Dew Point (DP), Wind speed (WS), Atmospheric Pressure (AP) and Relative Humidity (RH) in that order. In the ZMG are T, WS, RH, DP and AP; and in the ZMM are RH, WS, DP, T and AP. Conclusions In the 3 Metropolitan Areas showed that the meteorological factors that best correlate with the confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 are the T, RH; however, the correlation coefficients are low, so their association with health variables is less than other factors such as social distancing, hand washing, use of antibacterial gel and use of masks.

Spatiotemporal Variability of Potential Evaporation in Heihe River Basin Influenced by Irrigation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congying Han
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Heihe River Basin ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Potential Evaporation

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spatiotemporal Variability of Potential Evaporation in Heihe River Basin Influenced by Irrigation &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Congying Han&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Baozhong Zhang&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Songjun Han&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research-Beijing, Beijing 100048, China.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Corresponding author: Baozhong Zhang ([email protected])&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract: &lt;/strong&gt;Potential evaporation is a key factor in crop water requirement estimation and agricultural water resource planning. The spatial pattern and temporal changes of potential evaporation calculated by Penman equation (E&lt;sub&gt;Pen&lt;/sub&gt;) (1970-2017) in Heihe River Basin (HRB), Northwest China were evaluated by using data from 10 meteorological stations, with a serious consideration of the influences of irrigation development. Results indicated that the spatial pattern of annual E&lt;sub&gt;Pen&lt;/sub&gt; in HRB was significantly different, among which the E&lt;sub&gt;Pen&lt;/sub&gt; of agricultural sites (average between 1154 mm and 1333 mm) was significantly higher than that of natural sites (average between 794 mm and 899 mm). Besides, the coefficient of spatial variation of the aerodynamic term (E&lt;sub&gt;aero&lt;/sub&gt;) was 0.4, while that of the radiation term (E&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt;) was 0.09. The agricultural irrigation water withdrawal increased annually before 2000, but decreased significantly after 2000 which was influenced by the agricultural development and the water policy. Coincidentally, the annual variation of E&lt;sub&gt;pen&lt;/sub&gt; in agricultural sites decreased at -40 mm/decade in 1970-2000 but increased at 60 mm/decade in 2001-2017, while that in natural sites with little influence of irrigation, only decreased at -0.5mm/decade in 1970-2000 but increased at 11 mm/decade in 2001-2017. So it was obvious that irrigation influenced E&lt;sub&gt;pen &lt;/sub&gt;significantly and the change of E&lt;sub&gt;pen&lt;/sub&gt; was mainly caused by the aerodynamic term. The analysis of the main meteorological factors that affect E&lt;sub&gt;pen&lt;/sub&gt; showed that wind speed had the greatest impact on E&lt;sub&gt;pen&lt;/sub&gt; of agricultural sites, followed by relative humidity and average temperature, while the meteorological factors that had the greatest impact on E&lt;sub&gt;pen&lt;/sub&gt; of natural sites were maximum temperature, followed by wind speed and relative humidity.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Forecast of the trend of heavy fog based on the VARIMAX model

2021 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 03013
Author(s):  
Boyang Peng ◽  
Yuchi Meng ◽  
Dapai Shi ◽  
Mingyu Dai ◽  
Hao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Temperature Index ◽  
The Past ◽  
Visibility Index ◽  
Incorrect Data

This paper works out relationship between visibility and near-surface meteorological factors. The formation of heavy fog is affected by meteorological factors near the ground and fog in the past period. In this paper, we abstract and simplify the problem as a time series problem. First, the airport AWOS observation data is reprocessed, and some missing and incorrect data are supplemented and corrected. Then draw a distribution map of “Visibility-Near-surface Meteorological Factors” to intuitively grasp the correlation between them. Finally, model the classic VARIMAX to fit the mapping relationship between visibility and near-surface meteorological factors. The results show temperature has the greatest impact on visibility index, positively correlated with it; secondly, dew point temperature index negatively correlated with it. The results show that, with the temperature low and the humidity high, the water vapor in the atmosphere is more likely to condense into mist, which is not easy to dissipate, resulting in reduced visibility. The indicators related to air pressure and wind speed are positively correlated with visibility, indicating that the increase in air pressure and the increase in wind speed will promote the dissipation of heavy fog. Generally speaking, the MOR index fits better with near-surface meteorological factors.

scholarly journals Effect of meteorological factors on the activity of influenza in Chongqing, China, 2012–2019

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246023
Author(s):  
Li Qi ◽  
Tian Liu ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Dechao Tian ◽  
Wenge Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Influenza Activity

Background The effects of multiple meteorological factors on influenza activity remain unclear in Chongqing, the largest municipality in China. We aimed to fix this gap in this study. Methods Weekly meteorological data and influenza surveillance data in Chongqing were collected from 2012 to 2019. Distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs) were conducted to estimate the effects of multiple meteorological factors on influenza activity. Results Inverted J-shaped nonlinear associations between mean temperature, absolute humidity, wind speed, sunshine and influenza activity were found. The relative risks (RRs) of influenza activity increased as weekly average mean temperature fell below 18.18°C, average absolute humidity fell below 12.66 g/m3, average wind speed fell below 1.55 m/s and average sunshine fell below 2.36 hours. Taking the median values as the references, lower temperature, lower absolute humidity and windless could significantly increase the risks of influenza activity and last for 4 weeks. A J-shaped nonlinear association was observed between relative humidity and influenza activity; the risk of influenza activity increased with rising relative humidity with 78.26% as the break point. Taking the median value as the reference, high relative humidity could increase the risk of influenza activity and last for 3 weeks. In addition, we found the relationship between aggregate rainfall and influenza activity could be described with a U-shaped curve. Rainfall effect has significantly higher RR than rainless effect. Conclusions Our study shows that multiple meteorological factors have strong associations with influenza activity in Chongqing, providing evidence for developing a meteorology-based early warning system for influenza to facilitate timely response to upsurge of influenza activity.

Grey relation between main meteorological factors and mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Chen ◽  
Desheng Pei ◽  
Liping Li
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Curve Approximation ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
Grey Relation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of main meteorological factors on the mortality of urban residents and provide empirical evidence for the prevention of effects of climate changes.Design/methodology/approachGrey relational analysis (GRA) was used to analyse the interrelationships between meteorological factors and mortality among residents in Chaoyang District, Beijing, during the period between 1998 and 2008.FindingsThe changes of annual average mortality had a strong grey relation with temperature and relative humidity. The monthly average mortality (MAM) showed a strong grey relation with air pressure and the MAM in Summer season had a strong grey relation with air pressure, relative humidity and wind speed.Originality/valueMeteorological factors including temperature, relative humidity, air pressure and wind speed are all related with mortality changes. GRA can well reveal the trend of the curve approximation between meteorological factors and mortality and can quantify the different approximation.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Meteorological Factors on Reference Evapotranspiration Changes in Beijing, 1958–2017

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Liu ◽  
Baozhong Zhang ◽  
Songjun Han
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Sensitivity Factor ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Annual Time ◽  
Different Time Scales

The effects of meteorological factors on reference evapotranspiration (ET0) are variable on different time scales, although research tends to focus only on certain time scales. Therefore, using the meteorological data from 1958 to 2017 of Beijing, China, ET0 values over the last 60 years were calculated using Penman–Monteith method. The variation in ET0 values was thus analyzed against four meteorological factors over different time scales. The sensitivity of ET0 to these factors was assessed using a sensitivity coefficient, while the contribution of each factor to ET0 change was quantified by combining this sensitivity coefficient with the factor’s relative change rate over multiple time scales. The results showed that the sensitivity coefficient of relative humidity over different time scales were all negative, while the sensitivity coefficients of net radiation, temperature and wind speed were mostly positive. The main sensitivity factors of ET0 on different time scales varied. On annual time scales, the main factors were relative humidity and temperature. Over annual time scales, relative humidity and net radiation alternated as the main sensitivity factor; while over interannual time scales, the most sensitive factor was relative humidity during 1958–1979 and net radiation thereafter. The contribution of these four meteorological factors to ET0 also fluctuated greatly on intra-annual time scales. On daily time scales, the contributions of temperature and wind speed at the start and end of the year were large, while net radiation and relative humidity were dominant mid-year. On monthly to seasonal time scales, the contributions of these four meteorological factors to ET0 were notable. The contribution of relative humidity was largest in spring and autumn; net radiation was dominant in summer, while temperature and wind speed were dominant in winter. This research on the temporal variability of ET0 response factors is of great significance for understanding regional climate change.

scholarly journals A Reliability Assessment of the NCEP/FNL Reanalysis Data in Depicting Key Meteorological Factors on Clean Days and Polluted Days in Beijing

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Chao Liu ◽  
Jianping Guo ◽  
Bihui Zhang ◽  
Hengde Zhang ◽  
Panbo Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Surface Wind Speed ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Difference

In this study, based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Analysis (FNL) data, the reliability and performances of their application on clean days and polluted days (based on the PM2.5 mass concentrations) in Beijing were assessed. Conventional meteorological factors and diagnostic physical quantities from the NCEP/FNL data were compared with the L-band radar observations in Beijing in the autumns and winters of 2017–2019. The results indicate that the prediction reliability of the temperature was the best compared with those of the relative humidity and wind speed. It is worth noting that the relative humidity was lower and the near-surface wind speed was higher on polluted days from the NCEP/FNL data than from the observations. As far as diagnostic physical quantity is concerned, it was revealed that the temperature inversion intensity depicted by the NCEP/FNL data was significantly lower than that from the observations, especially on polluted days. For example, the difference in the temperature inversion intensity between the NCEP/FNL data and the observation ranged from −0.56 to −0.77 °C on polluted days. In addition, the difference in the wind shears between the NCEP/FNL reanalysis data and the observations increased to 0.40 m/s in the lower boundary layer on polluted days compared with that on clean days. Therefore, it is suggested that the underestimation of the relative humidity and temperature inversion intensity, and the overestimation of the near-surface wind speed should be seriously considered in simulating the air quality in the model, particularly on polluted days, which should be focused on more in future model developments.

scholarly journals Environmental Factors at Mass-Gathering Events: Considerations for Health Research and Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s127-s127
Author(s):  
Alison Hutton ◽  
Jamie Ranse ◽  
Adam Lund ◽  
Sheila Turris ◽  
Brendan Munn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Patient Presentation

Introduction:This poster will document the environmental domain variables of a mass gathering. They include factors such as the nature of the event, availability of drugs or alcohol, venue characteristics and meteorological factors.Method: A systematic literature was used to develop a set of variables and evaluation regarding environmental factors that contribute to patient presentation rates.Results:Findings were grouped pragmatically into factors of crowd attendance, crowd density, venue, type of event, mobility, and meteorological factors.Discussion:This poster will outline a set of environmental variables for collecting data at mass gathering events. The authors have suggested that in addition to commonly used variables, air quality, wind speed, dew point, and precipitation could be considered as a data points to be added to the minimum standards for data collection.

scholarly journals The short-term associations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalizations with meteorological factors and air pollutants in Southwest China: a time-series study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Shengqi Chen ◽  
Hanqing Zhao ◽  
Chengxiang Tang ◽  
Yunfeng Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and is projected to be the third by 2030. However, there is little evidence available on the associations of COPD hospitalizations with meteorological factors and air pollutants in developing countries/regions of Asia. In particular, no study has been done in western areas of China considering the nonlinear and lagged effects simultaneously. This study aims to evaluate the nonlinear and lagged associations of COPD hospitalizations with meteorological factors and air pollutants using time-series analysis. The modified associations by sex and age were also investigated. The distributed lag nonlinear model was used to establish the association of daily COPD hospitalizations of all 441 public hospitals in Chengdu, China from Jan/2015–Dec/2017 with the ambient meteorological factors and air pollutants. Model parameters were optimized based on quasi Akaike Information Criterion and model diagnostics was conducted by inspecting the deviance residuals. Subgroup analysis by sex and age was also performed. Temperature, relative humidity, wind and Carbon Monoxide (CO) have statistically significant and consistent associations with COPD hospitalizations. The cumulative relative risk (RR) was lowest at a temperature of 19℃ (relative humidity of 67%). Both extremely high and low temperature (and relative humidity) increase the cumulative RR. An increase of wind speed above 4 mph (an increase of CO above 1.44 mg/m3) significantly decreases (increases) the cumulative RR. Female populations were more sensitive to low temperature and high CO level; elderly (74+) populations are more sensitive to high relative humidity; younger populations (< = 74) are more susceptible to CO higher than 1.44 mg/m3. Therefore, people with COPD should avoid exposure to adverse environmental conditions of extreme temperatures and relative humidity, low wind speed and high CO level, especially for female and elderly patients who were more sensitive to extreme temperatures and relative humidity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document