Stem Rot Disease of Juglans sigillata Dode Caused by Fusarium fujikuroi in China

Juglans sigillata Dode is an endemic species in the southwest China, and is an important nut and woody oil tree. The shell of its fruit is hard and can be used to make various crafts. From 216 to 2019, typical stem rot symptoms of 8-year-old J. sigillata were observed in cultivated fields in a 600-ha orchard in Zigong, Sichuan province, China. At this orchard, approximately 35% of the trees have been seriously damaged over the past few years. The typical symptoms were water-soaking on the stem, rotting, wilting, and blighting, eventually leading to the death of the plant. In June, ten diseased tissues were collected and surface-sterilized by 3% NaClO and 75% alcohol. Morphological observations were made from the isolates grown on Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C for 3 to 9 days. Morphological characteristics were made on pure cultures grown on Synthetic low nutrient agar (SNA). Five isolates with similar morphology were isolated from single spores. Colonies on PDA reached 8.3 cm in diameter after 6 days at 25 °C, aerial mycelia were white to cream and wol-like, later turning violet and dark purple with age. The hyphae of the strain were colorless and septate. There were two types of conidia on SNA, microconidia and macroconidia. Microconidia (n = 50) were oval, elliptic or clavate, no septate, 2.2 to 3.8 × 7.6 to11.7 μm. Conidiophores were branched or unbranched, solitary or in groups, phialides cylindrical to flask-shaped, monophialidic and polyphialidic. Macroconidia (n = 50) were long slender with a curved apical cell and foot-like basal cell, 3 to 4 septate and 2.1 to 3.9 × 26.2 to 53.4 μm. For molecular identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (TUB2), translation elongation factor (TEF1) and large subunit (LSU) were amplified with the corresponding primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), BT2A/BT2B, EF1/EF2 (O’Donnell et al. 1997), and LROR/LR5 (Rehner and Samuels 1994), respectively. BLAST search results indicated that the ITS, TUB2, TEF1, LSU sequences (GenBank acc. nos. MT791384, MT786729, MN853324, and MT705246) showed 99 to100% identity with Fusarium fujikuroi sequences at NCBI (GenBank acc. nos. MG798789, MH398245, MK604519 and KJ954504). The results were confirmed by multilocus phylogenetic analysis. Based on the morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of the isolates, the fungus was identified as F. fujikuroi (Leslie and Summerell 2006). Koch’s postulates were checked under controlled conditions. Fifteen 2-year-old healthy potted J. sigillata were inoculated by pricking the epidermis of stem with a needle and applying 150 µl of a microconidial suspension (1 × 106 spores/ml) to the wounded surface with a brush. Sterilizd distilled water was used as the control. The experiment was repeated three times. All the plants were incubated at 25 ± 2°C after inoculation for daily observation of disease development. After 12 days, the inoculated plants showed the same symptoms as observed in the original diseased plants, while the control plants were asymptomatic. The fungus was re-isolated from the symptomatic stems and was completely identical to the isolates used to inoculate the plants. Thus, we confirmed that F. fujikuroi caused the stem rot of J. sigillata. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this fungus causing stem rot in J. sigillata in China. Our results can help identify stem rot disease of J. sigillata and develop control measures for the disease.

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Leaf blight on Photinia × fraseri caused by Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola in China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-21-1351-pdn ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiulan Xu ◽

Si-yi Liu ◽

Yicong Lv ◽

Qian Zeng ◽

Yinggao Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yellow River ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Its Region ◽

Yellow River Basin ◽

Green Plant ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Leaf Margin ◽

Basal Cells

Photinia × fraseri is a well-known green plant mainly distributed in the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basin, east and southwest of China (Guan et al. 2013). In October 2020, typical leaf blight symptoms on roughly 10% leaves in a Photinia × fraseri shrub were observed in the campus of Sichuan Agricultural University (30°42′19″ N, 103°51′29″ E). Initially, chlorotic lesions with brown margins occurred on the leaf margin, then the large patches formed to cause leaves necrotic, finally lesions to dry and acervulus bred in 2–4 months later. Five single conidium isolates were carried out (Chomnunti et al. 2014) cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25 ℃. All isolates shared similarly morphological characteristics, which was white and thin, and the reverse were yellowish. Mycelium was hyaline, sparsely septate, measuring 1–4 μm in diam. Conidiogenesis formed after 7 days. Conidiogenous cells were discrete, lageniform, smooth, thin-walled, colorless. Conidia were fusiform, straight to slightly curved, 4-septate, 21–30 × 5–7 μm (x ̅= 27 × 6.0 μm, n=30); basal cells were obconic with truncate base, hyaline, thin- and smooth-walled, 4–7 μm long (x ̅= 5.5 μm, n=30); three median cells were doliiform with thick walls, concolorous, olivaceous, constricted at the septa, and septa and periclinal walls were darker than the rest of the cell, 14–20 μm long (x ̅= 17 μm, n=30); apical cells were hyaline, conic to cylindrical, 3.0–6.5 μm long (x ̅= 4.5 μm, n=30), with 2–4 (mostly 3) tubular apical appendages arising from the upper portion, rarely branched, 7.5–18 μm long (x ̅= 12 μm, n=50); basal appendage was single, unbranched, 3–10 μm long (x ̅= 6.5 μm, n=30). DNA was extracted from the representative strain (SICAUCC 21-0012), and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the large subunit of the nrDNA (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), and partial sequences of β-tubulin (tub2) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced with primers ITS5/ITS4, LR0R/LR5, 728F/1567R, and Bt2a/Bt2b, respectively (Zhang et al. 2012, Ariyawansa & Hyde 2018). The sequences were deposited in GenBank, viz. MZ453106, MZ453108, MZ467300, MZ467301, respectively. The nucleotide blast showed 99% (ITS, 0 gaps), 100% (tub2, 0 gaps), 100% (tef1-α, 0 gaps) identities with the ex-type Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola Yan M. Zhang & K. D. Hyde (IFRDCC 2440). The fungus was identified as P. trachicarpicola combined with phylogeny and morphology (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012, Zhang et al. 2012). To conduct Koch’s postulates, five healthy 6-year-old P. × fraseri were inoculated with 10 µl spore suspension (106 conidia/ml) onto the wounded sites (five leaves per plant, ~1 to 2 years old) via sterile pin, and five healthy plants treated with sterile dH2O as controls (Yang et al. 2021). The plants were placed in a greenhouse at 25°C with relative humidity >80%. After 2 months, leaf blight symptoms gradually emerged on inoculated leaves, and the controls were symptomless. Fungal isolates from symptomatic plants showed similar morphological characteristics as SICAUCC 21-0012, and the pathogen was not isolated from asymptomatic plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf blight caused by P. trachicarpicola on Photinia × fraseri in China. Disease management should be adopted properly to restore and improve its ornamental value.

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Bambusicolous Arthrinium Species in Guangdong Province, China

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2020.602773 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Indunil C. Senanayake ◽

Jayarama D. Bhat ◽

Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon ◽

Ning Xie

Keyword(s):

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Guangdong Province ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Bambusicolous Fungi ◽

Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽

Elongation Factor 1

A survey of bambusicolous fungi in Bijiashan Mountain Park, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China, revealed several Arthrinium-like taxa from dead sheaths, twigs, and clumps of Bambusa species. Phylogenetic relationships were investigated based on morphology and combined analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU), beta tubulin (β-tubulin), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef 1-α) gene sequences. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic data, Arthrinium acutiapicum sp. nov. and Arthrinium pseudorasikravindrae sp. nov. are introduced herein with descriptions and illustrations. Additionally, two new locality records of Arthrinium bambusae and Arthrinium guizhouense are described and illustrated.

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Five Fungal Pathogens Are Responsible for Bayberry Twig Blight and Fungicides Were Screened for Disease Control

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8050689 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 689 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wenjun Li ◽

Ming Hu ◽

Yang Xue ◽

Zhijun Li ◽

Yanfei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Its Region ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Field Application ◽

Financial Loss ◽

Twig Blight

Bayberry (Myrica rubra) is a commercial fruit in China. For the past seven years, twig blight disease has been attacking bayberry plantations in Shantou City, Guangdong Province, China, leading to destructive damage and financial loss. In this study, five fungal species associated with twig dieback and stem blight were identified based on morphological characteristics combined with multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, partial sequences of β-tubulin (tub2), translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α), large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU) and small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU) genes, which are Epicoccum sorghinum, Neofusicoccum parvum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Nigrospora oryzae and a Pestalotiopsis new species P. myricae. P. myricae is the chief pathogen in fields, based on its high isolation rate and fast disease progression after inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the above five fungi as the pathogens responsible for bayberry twig blight. Indoor screening of fungicides indicates that Prochloraz (copper salt) is the most promising fungicide for field application, followed by Pyraclostrobin, 15% Difenoconazole + 15% Propiconazole, Difenoconazole and Myclobutanil. Additionally, Bacillus velezensis strain 3–10 and zeamines from Dickeya zeae strain EC1 could be used as potential ecofriendly alternatives to control the disease.

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First Report of Postharvest Rot of Chestnuts Caused by Mucor racemosus f. sphaerosporus in Korea

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-05-14-0547-pdn ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (12) ◽

pp. 1742-1742

Author(s):

J. H. Park ◽

S. E. Cho ◽

S. H. Lee ◽

C. K. Lee ◽

H. D. Shin

Keyword(s):

Large Subunit ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Control Measures ◽

Its Sequences ◽

Pathogenicity Test ◽

Postharvest Diseases ◽

Mucor Racemosus ◽

First Report ◽

Sewing Needle ◽

Postharvest Rot

The Republic of Korea (South Korea) is the second largest chestnut producer in the world. Major cultivars planted in Korea, including cv. Daebo, Hyogo57, and Okkwang, are hybrids of Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata) and Chinese chestnut (C. mollissima). Because of high perishability, most chestnuts harvested in September and October are preserved in cold rooms (0°C) for marketing. During a survey of postharvest diseases in April to August 2013, chestnut rots were continuously observed in cold rooms located in Buyeo County, Korea. Preliminary studies revealed that the most common agent of rot appeared to be a species of Mucor. When cut open, infected chestnuts showed partial interior discoloration varying from chalky white to dark brown. About 3 to 10% of chestnuts showed symptoms. Hyogo57 seemed to be the most susceptible variety with higher infection rates, up to 30% in some piles. Isolation was done by placing infected tissues on potato dextrose agar. A representative isolate was deposited in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (Accession No. KACC47727). Sporangiophores were mostly erect, branched sympodially, and hyaline. Sporangia were globose, pale yellow at first, then grayish brown at maturity. Columellae were obovoid to globose, subhyaline to pale brown, and usually with truncate base and collars. Sporangiospores were globose to irregular, and 4 to 10 μm in diameter. Chlamydospores were cylindrical to globose with oil drops. The fungus was identified as Mucor racemosus f. sphaerosporus (Hagem) Schipper based on the morphological characteristics and growth at low temperature (3). To conduct molecular analyses, genomic DNA was extracted with DNeasy Plant Mini Kits (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA). The primers ITS1/ITS4 and NL1/LR3 were used to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA and the D1/D2 region of the large subunit (4). The resulting 595-bp ITS sequences and 678 bp D1/D2 sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. KJ769665 and KF769666). BLAST searches revealed that both the ITS sequences and D1/D2 sequences showed more than 99% similarity with those of M. racemosus f. sphaerosporus, respectively (JN939201 and AJ878775). To perform a pathogenicity test, a suspension of sporangiospores (1 × 105 spores/ml) was sprayed over 10 chestnuts cv. Hyogo57 wounded with a sewing needle and kept in plastic containers (0°C, 100% RH). Another 10 chestnuts wounded with a sewing needle and treated with sterile water served as controls. After 5 days, typical rots appeared on the inoculated chestnuts, whereas no symptoms were observed on controls. Koch's postulates were fulfilled with the re-isolation of M. racemosus from inoculated chestnuts. The pathogenicity test was carried out twice with similar results. M. hiemalis and M. mucedo have been recorded on chestnuts as postharvest pathogens in Switzerland (2) and Chile (1). To our knowledge, this is first report of postharvest rot of chestnut caused by M. racemosus f. sphaerosporus worldwide as well as in Korea. Further studies are necessary for control measures during cold storage of fresh chestnuts. References: (1) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., online publication, ARS, USDA, Retrieved May 23, 2014. (2) M. Jermini et al. J. Sci. Food Agric. 86:877, 2006. (3) M. A. A. Schipper. Stud. Mycol. 12:1, 1976. (4) G. Walther et al. Persoonia 30:11, 2013.

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Sclerotium rolfsii, Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang pada Hippeastrum sp.

Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia ◽

10.14692/jfi.15.2.53-58 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

Antok Wahyu Sektiono ◽

Syamsuddin Djauhari ◽

Putri Devinta Pertiwi

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Root Rot ◽

Agar Medium ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽

White Mycelium ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Range Test

Sclerotium rolfsii, a the Causal Agent of Stem Rot Disease on Hippeastrum sp.Symptoms of stem rot that cause Hippeastrum sp. or red lily wither, leaves turn yellow, and eventually die found at Mangliawan Village, District of Pakis, Malang - East Java. The purpose of this study was to identify the pathogens that cause root rot disease on lily plants and find out their host range. Sclerotium from the symptomatic base of the plant was isolated on potato dextrose agar medium. Fungus was identified based on the morphological characteristics of the colonies and mycelium. Host range test of pathogen was carried out by manual inoculation on Rain lily (Zephyranthes) St. Bernard's lily (Chlorophytum) and Beach Spider lily (Hymenocallis). The results of the identification showed that the fungus had white mycelium and formed sclerotium. Sclerotium is irregularly rounded, white when young, and dark brown when ripe, and forms 10 days after incubation. In hyphae, there are branching, septa, and clam connections. Based on the morphological characteristics of the disease the fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. In the host range test, the fungus was able to infect rain lilies and paris lilies, but not in spider lilies. This is the first report of S. rolfsii infection in lily in Indonesia.

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First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Golovinomyces ambrosiae on Verbena bonariensis in Korea

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-21-0349-pdn ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

In-Young Choi ◽

Ho-Jong Ju ◽

Kui-Jae Lee ◽

Hyeon-Dong Shin

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Control Measures ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Infected Leaf ◽

Voucher Specimen ◽

First Report ◽

Pcr Products

Verbena bonariensis L., named as purple-top vervain or Argentinian vervain, is native to tropical South America. It is cultivated worldwide as an ornamental plant. During summer and autumn of 2020, over 50% of the leaves of V. bonariensis were found infected with powdery mildew in a flower garden in Seoul (37°35'19"N 127°01'07"E), Korea. White, superficial mycelia developed initially on the leaves and subsequently covered surfaces of leaves and stems, are resulting in leaf discoloration, early defoliation, and shoots distortion. Heavily infected plants lost ornamental value. A representative voucher specimen was deposited in the Korea University herbarium (KUS-F32168). Morphological characterization and measurements of conidiophores and conidia were carried out using fresh samples. Microscopic observation showed that aAppressoria on the superficial hypha were nipple-shaped, but rarely found or nearly absent. Conidiophores (n = 30) were cylindrical, 110 to 220 × 10 to 12 µm, and produced 2 to 5 immature conidia in chains with a sinuate outline, followed by 2 to 3 short cells. Foot-cells of conidiophores were straight, cylindrical, and 46 to 90 μm long. Conidia (n = 30) were hyaline, ellipsoid to doliiform, 28 to 40 × 18 to 24 μm with a length/width ratio of 1.3 to 2.0, and contained small be like oil-like drops, but without distinct fibrosin bodies. Primary conidia were apically rounded and sub-truncate at the base. Germ tubes were produced at perihilar position of the conidia. Chasmothecia were not observed. These morphological characteristics were typical of the conidial stage of the genus Golovinomyces (Braun and Cook 2012, Qiu et al. 2020). To identify the fungus, rDNA was extracted from the voucher sample. PCR products were amplified using the primer pair ITS1F/PM6 for internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and PM3/TW14 for the large subunit (LSU) of the rDNA (Takamatsu and Kano 2001). The resulting sequences were registered to GenBank (MW599742 for ITS, and MW599743 for LSU). Using Blast’n search of GenBank, sequences showed 100% identity for ITS and LSU with G. ambrosiae (MT355557, KX987303, MH078047 for ITS, and AB769427, AB769426 for LSU), respectively. Thus, based on morphology and molecular analysis, the isolate on V. bonariensis in Korea was identified as G. ambrosiae (Schwein.) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook. Pathogenicity tests were carried out by touching an infected leaf onto healthy leaves of disease-free pot-grown plants using a replication of five plants, with five non-inoculated plants used as controls. After 7 days, typical powdery mildew colonies started to appear on the inoculated leaves. The fungus on inoculated leaves was morphologically identical to that originally observed in the field. All non-inoculated control leaves remained symptomless. On different global Verbena species, tThere have been many reports of Golovinomyces powdery mildews including G. cichoracearum s.lat., G. longipes, G. monardae, G. orontii s.lat., and G. verbenae (Farr and Rossman 2021). In China, G. verbenae was recorded on V.erbena phlogiflora (Liu et al. 2006). Golovinomyces powdery mildew has not been reported on Verbena spp. in Korea. Powdery mildew has been reported on V. bonariensis in California, but identity of the causal agent had not been reported. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the identity of the powdery mildew caused by G. ambrosiae on V. bonariensis in Korea. Since heavily infected plants lost ornamental value, appropriate control measures should be developed.

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First Report of a Bionectria sp. Associated with a Stem Rot of Cardon Cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) in Baja California Sur, Mexico

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-08-11-0698 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 292-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. J. Holguín-Peña ◽

L. G. Hernández-Montiel ◽

H. Latisnere ◽

E. O. Rueda-Puente

Keyword(s):

Gulf Of California ◽

Baja California ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar ◽

Control Measures ◽

World Heritage Site ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Baja California Sur ◽

First Report ◽

Pachycereus Pringlei

Giant cardon (Pachycereus pringlei ((S.Watson) Britton & Rose) is the most common cactus in northwestern Mexico and is endemic to the Baja California Peninsula and Sonora Desert. A large part of the peninsula (El Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve and Gulf of California) now consists of protected areas and is classified as a World Heritage site by UNESCO ( http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1182 ). Cardon cactus is an important ecological resource for indigenous people and is used as feed for range cattle. Since 2000, in the central and southern part of the State of Baja California Sur, an apical stem rot has spread to ~17% of the natural cardon population around San Pedro (23°29′N, 110°12′W), La Paz (24°08′N, 110°18′W), and El Comitán (24°05′N, 110°21′W). Affected cacti display necrosis of apical branches, dry rot, cracks in the stem and branches, bronzing of mature spines surrounding the affected area, and reddish brown gummy exudate. Thirty samples from the edges of symptomatic lesions were surface disinfected for 2 min in 0.8% (wt/vol) NaOCl and ethanol (70%), rinsed in sterile, distilled water, and grown on potato dextrose agar at 27°C. A cottony, brownish fungus was consistently isolated from affected tissues. Koch's postulates were performed in pots of 10 cm in diameter with 5-year-old cacti inoculated (9-day-old mycelia) and incubated (15 days) at room temperature (26°C). The rough, dry, brownish, circular lesions that appeared were the same as those observed in the field. Healthy cacti inoculated with potato dextrose agar plugs were symptomless. The fungus was always reisolated from infected cacti and morphological examinations (2) were performed: one-septate, olive-green, smooth, ellipsoidal conidium and two-celled ascospores (15 to 20 × 5 to 7 μm) were present. Also present were conidial masses from monomorphic, penicillate conidiophores in sporodochia. Cottony and white-to-light yellow PDA colonies were observed. Genomic DNA was extracted from lyophilized hyphae using the method described by O'Donnell (1) or with a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions 1 and 2 of the 5.8, 18, and 28S ribosomal RNA genes were amplified with the primer pairs ITS1 and ITS4 (3). The expected amplicon of 571 bp was sequenced and compared with fungal sequences available from the GenBank-EMBL database using the BlastN and CLUSTAL programs (MegAlign, DNASTAR, Madison, WI). The closest nucleotide similarity had 99% identity with a Bionectria sp. (GenBank Accession No. HM849058.1). To our knowledge, on the basis of morphological characteristics, DNA comparisons, and pathogenicity tests, this is the first report of a Bionectria sp. causing an apical stem rot disease in cardon cacti in Mexico. Since there are no control measures in Mexico there is a permanent risk that the disease will spread to healthy areas. References: (1) K. O'Donell et al. Mycologia 92:919, 2000. (2) H. J. Schroers. Stud. Mycol. 46:1, 2001. (3) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.

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Occurrence and Morpho-Molecular Identification of Botryosphaeriales Species from Guizhou Province, China

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7110893 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 893

Author(s):

Asha J. Dissanayake ◽

Ya-Ya Chen ◽

Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon ◽

Jian-Kui Liu

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Guizhou Province ◽

Southwestern China ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Large Subunit Rrna

Botryosphaeriales is an important order of diverse fungal pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes distributed worldwide. Recent studies of Botryosphaeriales in China have discovered a broad range of species, some of which have not been formerly described. In this study, 60 saprobic isolates were obtained from decaying woody hosts in southwestern China. The isolates were compared with other species using morphological characteristics, and available DNA sequence data was used to infer phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit rRNA gene (LSU), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef) loci. Three novel species were illustrated and described as Botryobambusa guizhouensis, Sardiniella elliptica, and Sphaeropsis guizhouensis, which belong to rarely identified genera within Botryosphaeriaceae. Botryobambusa guizhouensis is the second species identified from the respective monotypic genus. The previously known species were identified as Aplosporella hesperidica, Barriopsis tectonae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia mutila, Di. neojuniperi, Di. pseudoseriata, Di. sapinea, Di. seriata, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Do. yunnana, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Sardiniella celtidis, Sa. guizhouensis, and Sphaeropsis citrigena. The results of this study indicate that numerous species of Botryosphaeriales are yet to be revealed in southwestern China.

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Four new species in the Tremella fibulifera complex (Tremellales, Basidiomycota)

MycoKeys ◽

10.3897/mycokeys.82.63241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

pp. 33-56

Author(s):

Long-Fei Fan ◽

Renato Lúcio Mendes Alvarenga ◽

Tatiana Baptista Gibertoni ◽

Fang Wu ◽

Yu-Cheng Dai

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Rrna Gene

Samples of species close to Tremella fibulifera from China and Brazil are studied, and T. fibulifera is confirmed as a species complex including nine species. Five known species (T. cheejenii, T. fibulifera s.s., T. “neofibulifera”, T. lloydiae-candidae and T. olens) and four new species (T. australe, T. guangxiensis, T. latispora and T. subfibulifera) in the complex are recognized based on morphological characteristics, molecular evidence, and geographic distribution. Sequences of eight species of the complex were included in the phylogenetic analyses because T. olens lacks molecular data. The phylogenetic analyses were performed by a combined sequence dataset of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the partial nuclear large subunit rDNA (nLSU), and a combined sequence dataset of the ITS, partial nLSU, the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1), the largest and second largest subunits of RNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2). The eight species formed eight independent lineages with robust support in phylogenies based on both datasets. Illustrated description of the six species including Tremella fibulifera s.s., T. “neofibulifera” and four new species, and discussions with their related species, are provided. A table of the comparison of the important characteristics of nine species in the T. fibulifera complex and a key to the whitish species in Tremella s.s. are provided.

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Redefining genera of cereal pathogens: Oculimacula, Rhynchosporium and Spermospora

Fungal Systematics and Evolution ◽

10.3114/fuse.2021.07.04 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

P.W. Crous ◽

U. Braun ◽

B.A. McDonald ◽

C.L. Lennox ◽

J. Edwards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Minor Importance ◽

Ammophila Arenaria ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽

Three New Species

The taxonomy of Oculimacula, Rhynchosporium and Spermospora is re-evaluated, along with that of phylogenetically related genera. Isolates are identified using comparisons of DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA locus (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), actin (act), DNA-directed RNA polymerase II largest (rpb1) and second largest subunit (rpb2) genes, and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), combined with their morphological characteristics. Oculimacula is restricted to two species, O. acuformis and O. yallundae, with O. aestiva placed in Cyphellophora, and O. anguioides accommodated in a new genus, Helgardiomyces. Rhynchosporium s. str. is restricted to species with 1-septate conidia and hooked apical beaks, while Rhynchobrunnera is introduced for species with 1–3-septate, straight conidia, lacking any apical beak. Rhynchosporium graminicola is proposed to replace the name R. commune applied to the barley scald pathogen based on nomenclatural priority. Spermospora is shown to be paraphyletic, representing Spermospora (type: S. subulata), with three new species, S. arrhenatheri, S. loliiphila and S. zeae, and Neospermospora gen. nov. (type: N. avenae). Ypsilina (type: Y. graminea), is shown to be monophyletic, but appears to be of minor importance on cereals. Finally, Vanderaaea gen. nov. (type: V. ammophilae), is introduced as a new coelomycetous fungus occurring on dead leaves of Ammophila arenaria.

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