Early detection of the Root-knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla through developing a robust qPCR approach compliant with the MIQE guidelines

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Tavoillot ◽  
Thierry Mateille ◽  
Nadine Ali ◽  
Anne-Marie Chappé ◽  
Jean-Francois Martin
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Mitochondrial Region ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are major threats to crops through attacking the roots, which induces an abnormal development of the plant. Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood is of particular concern as it is currently expanding its distribution area and displays a wide host range. Effective plant protection against this RKN requires early detection as even a single individual can cause severe economic loses on susceptible crops. Molecular tools are of particular value for this purpose and among them, qPCR presents all the advantages, i.e. sensitivity, specificity, rapidity of diagnosis at a reduced cost. Although few studies already proposed detecting M. hapla through this technique, they lack experimental details and performance testing, and suffered from low taxonomic resolution and/or required expensive hydrolysis probes. Here we propose a qPCR detection method that uses SybrGreen with developed primers amplifying a fragment of COI mitochondrial region. The method is developed and evaluated following the MIQE guidelines to ensure its quality, i.e. sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, reproducibility, robustness. The results demonstrate that the newly developed method fulfills its goals as it proved specific to M. hapla and allowed for a reproductible detection level as low as 1.25 equivalent of a juvenile individual. All criteria associated with the MIQE guidelines were also met, what makes it of general use for the reliable early detection of M. hapla.

scholarly journals Discovery and function exploration of microRNA-155 as a molecular biomarker for early detection of breast cancer

Breast Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemin Liu ◽  
Qingyu Chang ◽  
Haiqiang Wang ◽  
Hairong Qian ◽  
Yikun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Function Enrichment

Abstract Background MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) may function as a diagnostic biomarker of breast cancer (BC). Nevertheless, the available evidence is controversial. Therefore, we performed this study to summarize the global predicting role of miR-155 for early detection of BC and preliminarily explore the functional roles of miR-155 in BC. Methods We first collected published studies and applied the bivariate meta-analysis model to generate the pooled diagnostic parameters of miR-155 in diagnosing BC such as sensitivity, specificity and area under curve (AUC). Then, we applied function enrichment and protein–protein interactions (PPI) analyses to explore the potential mechanisms of miR-155. Results A total of 21 studies were finally included. The results indicated that miR-155 allowed for the discrimination between BC patients and healthy controls with a sensitivity of 0.87 (95% CI 0.78–0.93), specificity of 0.82 (0.72–0.89), and AUC of 0.91 (0.88–0.93). In addition, the overall sensitivity, specificity and AUC for circulating miR-155 were 0.88 (0.76–0.95), 0.83 (0.72–0.90), and 0.92 (0.89–0.94), respectively. Function enrichment analysis revealed several vital ontologies terms and pathways associated with BC occurrence and development. Furthermore, in the PPI network, ten hub genes and two significant modules were identified to be involved in some important pathways associated with the pathogenesis of BC. Conclusions We demonstrated that miR-155 has great potential to facilitate accurate BC detection and may serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker for BC. However, well-designed cohort studies and biological experiments should be implemented to confirm the diagnostic value of miR-155 before it can be applied to routine clinical procedures.

scholarly journals Secondary Analysis of an Electronic Surveillance System Combined with Multi-focal Interventions for Early Detection of Sepsis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Westra ◽  
Sean Landman ◽  
Pranjul Yadav ◽  
Michael Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Electronic Surveillance ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

SummarySummary: To conduct an independent secondary analysis of a multi-focal intervention for early detection of sepsis that included implementation of change management strategies, electronic surveil-lance for sepsis, and evidence based point of care alerting using the POC AdvisorTM application. Methods: Propensity score matching was used to select subsets of the cohorts with balanced covariates. Bootstrapping was performed to build distributions of the measured difference in rates/ means. The effect of the sepsis intervention was evaluated for all patients, and High and Low Risk subgroups for illness severity. A separate analysis was performed patients on the intervention and non-intervention units (without the electronic surveillance). Sensitivity, specificity, and the positive predictive values were calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the alerting system for detecting sepsis or severe sepsis/ septic shock.Results: There was positive effect on the intervention units with sepsis electronic surveillance with an adjusted mortality rate of –6.6%. Mortality rates for non-intervention units also improved, but at a lower rate of –2.9%. Additional outcomes improved for patients on both intervention and non-intervention units for home discharge (7.5% vs 1.1%), total length of hospital stay (-0.9% vs –0.3%), and 30 day readmissions (-6.6% vs –1.6%). Patients on the intervention units showed better outcomes compared with non-intervention unit patients, and even more so for High Risk patients. The sensitivity was 95.2%, specificity of 82.0% and PPV of 50.6% for the electronic surveillance alerts. Conclusion: There was improvement over time across the hospital for patients on the intervention and non-intervention units with more improvement for sicker patients. Patients on intervention units with electronic surveillance have better outcomes; however, due to differences in exclusion criteria and types of units, further study is needed to draw a direct relationship between the electronic surveillance system and outcomes.

scholarly journals Autonomous early detection of eye disease in childhood photographs

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. eaax6363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheal C. Munson ◽  
Devon L. Plewman ◽  
Katelyn M. Baumer ◽  
Ryan Henning ◽  
Collin T. Zahler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Coats Disease ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

The “red reflex test” is used to screen children for leukocoria (“white eye”) in a standard pediatric examination, but is ineffective at detecting many eye disorders. Leukocoria also presents in casual photographs. The clinical utility of screening photographs for leukocoria is unreported. Here, a free smartphone application (CRADLE: ComputeR-Assisted Detector of LEukocoria) was engineered to detect photographic leukocoria and is available for download under the name “White Eye Detector.” This study determined the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CRADLE by retrospectively analyzing 52,982 longitudinal photographs of children, collected by parents before enrollment in this study. The cohort included 20 children with retinoblastoma, Coats’ disease, cataract, amblyopia, or hyperopia and 20 control children. For 80% of children with eye disorders, the application detected leukocoria in photographs taken before diagnosis by 1.3 years (95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 2.3 years). The CRADLE application allows parents to augment clinical leukocoria screening with photography.

scholarly journals Federal legal authorities for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhoset Burgos-Rodríguez ◽  
Stanley W. Burgiel
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Discretionary Power ◽  
The Us ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
Subnational Governance

AbstractThe ability of federal agencies to carry out actions or programs is based on their legal authorities. Efforts to improve federal capacities for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR) require careful delineation of legal authorities, regulations, and policies that would enable or limit EDRR. Building on information provided by federal agencies and an inspection of the US Code and the Code of Federal Regulations, we review and identify relevant authorities to determine federal legal capacities, gaps, and inconsistencies to address EDRR. The EDRR process can be examined in the context of four categories, including (1) explicit invasive species authorities, (2) emergency authorities that could be triggered during a crisis or serve as models for enhanced invasive species EDRR authorities, (3) supporting authorities that could be used under agency discretion, and (4) constraining authorities and legal requirements. Although the Plant Protection Act and the Animal Health Protection Act are comprehensive authorities that address the detection of and response to organisms that threaten plant and livestock health, there is no single authority that encompasses EDRR for all invasive species. Rather, there is a patchwork of authorities that unevenly addresses various aspects of EDRR. In addition to gaps in authority, EDRR efforts could be constrained by environmental compliance, as well as subnational governance and private rights. Although some of these gaps could be closed through legislation, others need to be addressed using the discretionary power of federal agencies and their ability to establish cooperation mechanisms with private and subnational entities.

scholarly journals Utility of the methylated SEPT9 test for the early detection of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Hariharan ◽  
Mark Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

BackgroundCirculating tumour DNA from colorectal cancer (CRC) is a biomarker for early detection of the disease and therefore potentially useful for screening. One such biomarker is the methylated SEPT9 (mSEPT9) gene, which occurs during CRC tumourigenesis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to establish the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of mSEPT9 tests for the early diagnosis of CRC.MethodsA systematic search of the relevant literature was conducted using Medline and Embase databases. Data were extracted from the eligible studies and analysed to estimate pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic test accuracy.ResultsBased on 19 studies, the pooled estimates (and 95% CIs) for mSEPT9 to detect CRC were: sensitivity 69% (62–75); specificity 92% (89–95); positive likelihood ratio 9.1 (6.1–13.8); negative likelihood ratio 0.34 (0.27–0.42); diagnostic OR 27 (15–48) and area under the curve 0.89 (0.86–0.91). The test has a positive predictive value of 2.6% and negative predictive value of 99.9% in an average risk population (0.3% CRC prevalence), and 9.5% (positive predictive value) and 99.6% (negative predictive value) in a high-risk population (1.2% CRC prevalence).ConclusionThe mSEPT9 test has high specificity and moderate sensitivity for CRC and is therefore a potential alternative screening method for those declining faecal immunochemical test for occult blood (FIT) or other screening modalities. However, it is limited by its poor diagnostic performance for precancerous lesions (advanced adenomas and polyps) and its relatively high costs, and little is known about its acceptability to those declining to use the FIT.

scholarly journals Can CT Virtual Cystoscopy Replace Conventional Cystoscopy in Early Detection of Bladder Cancer?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Abrol ◽  
Ankush Jairath ◽  
Sanika Ganpule ◽  
Arvind Ganpule ◽  
Shashikant Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Bladder Tumor ◽  
Urothelial Cancer ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Bladder Tumors ◽  
Virtual Cystoscopy ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Aim. To correlate findings of conventional cystoscopy with CT virtual cystoscopy (CTVC) in detecting bladder tumors and to evaluate accuracy of virtual cystoscopy in early detection of bladder cancer.Material and Method. From June 2013 to June 2014, 50 patients (46 males, four females) with history and investigations suggestive of urothelial cancer, with mean age 62.76 ± 10.45 years, underwent CTVC by a radiologist as per protocol and subsequently underwent conventional cystoscopy (CPE) the same day or the next day. One urologist and one radiologist, blinded to the findings of conventional cystoscopy, independently interpreted the images, and any discrepant readings were resolved with consensus.Result. CTVC detected 23 out of 25 patients with bladder tumor(s) correctly. Two patients were falsely detected as negative while two were falsely labeled as positive in CTVC. Virtual and conventional cystoscopy were comparable in detection of tumor growth in urinary bladder. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of virtual cystoscopy were 92% each.Conclusion. CTVC correlates closely with the findings of conventional cystoscopy. Bladder should be adequately distended and devoid of urine at the time of procedure. However, more studies are required to define the role of virtual cystoscopy in routine clinical practice.

Feasibility of utilising an infrared-thermographic technique for early detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy camels (Camelus dromedarius)

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad M Samara ◽  
Moez Ayadi ◽  
Riyadh S Aljumaah
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Logarithmic Equation ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the proven ability of infrared thermography (IRT) technology for early detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows/sheep/goats, studies on its diagnostic feasibility in dairy camels are lacking. Sixty-five lactating camels in mid lactation, machine milked twice-daily and managed under intensive conditions were screened to evaluate the feasibility of utilising IRT compared with other routine indicators in detecting subclinical mastitis. Immediately before the morning milking, a portable infrared camera was used to obtain thermograms in duplicate for the front and rear left quarters to determine the udder surface temperature (UST). Thereafter, milk samples from quarters were collected, and processed for California mastitis test (CMT) score and somatic cell count (SCC). In the present study, CMT score was used to define subclinical mastitis and the feasibility of IRT to detect subclinical mastitis was compared with CMT and SCC. According to CMT score, subclinical mastitic udders had an average UST of 1·42 °C greater (P<0·0001) than healthy udders. The relationship between UST and CMT was found to be highly correlated (r=0·77; P<0·001), and UST was linearly increased as the CMT increased [UST (°C)=34·86+0·66×CMT score; R2=0·65; P<0·001]. Additionally, high correlations were obtained between UST and SCC score (r=0·75; P<0·001) and the relationship between UST and SCC was fitted best to a logarithmic equation [UST, °C=33·39+0·88×Log (SCC, ×103 cells/ml), R2=0·61, P<0·001]. The cut-off value, sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve for UST were 35·15 °C, 0·90, 0·98, and 0·95, respectively, when subclinical mastitis was defined according to CMT score, and were 35·70 °C, 0·89, 0·96 and 0·94, respectively, when categorised according to the obtained SCC threshold (SCC=432 000 cells/ml). In conclusion, IRT, as an indirect non-invasive screening method, was highly feasible for distinguishing subclinical mastitic udders in dairy camels, which is crucial to treat mastitis early and efficiently.

scholarly journals BrainCheck: Validation of a Computerized Cognitive Test Battery for Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siao Ye ◽  
Bin Huang ◽  
Kevin Sun ◽  
Huy Q. Phi ◽  
Brian Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Group Classification ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
True Positive ◽  
Diagnosis Group ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Normal Cognition

AbstractEarly detection of dementia is critical for intervention and care planning, but remains difficult. This study evaluated a computerized cognitive testing battery (BrainCheck) for its diagnostic accuracy and ability to distinguish the severity of cognitive impairment. 99 participants diagnosed with Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), or Normal Cognition (NC) completed the BrainCheck battery. Statistical analyses compared participant’s performance on BrainCheck based on their diagnosis group BrainCheck battery performance showed significant differences between the NC, MCI, and Dementia groups, achieving ≥88% sensitivity/specificity for separating NC from Dementia, and ≥77% sensitivity/specificity in separating the MCI group from NC/Dementia groups. Three-group-classification found true positive rates ≥80% for the NC and Dementia groups and ≥60% for the MCI group. BrainCheck was able to distinguish between diagnoses of Dementia, MCI, and NC, providing a potentially reliable tool for early detection of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Validity of eosinophil count and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio for early detection of neonatal sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 030-037
Author(s):  
Desmiyati Natalia Adoe ◽  
I Made Kardana
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Neonatal Ward

Background: Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in neonatal. Diagnosing neonatal sepsis is a challenge, as its clinical symptoms are not specific. Various studies have been conducted to identify infection markers for early identification of neonatal sepsis, but none have shown satisfactory results. Therefore, we aimed to determine the validity of eosinophil count and monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR) for the early detection of neonatal sepsis. Objective: To determine the validity of eosinophil count and monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR) for the early detection of neonatal sepsis. Methods: This study was a retrospective study with a diagnostic test. Data were collected from medical records of neonates with early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) or clinically EONS who were admitted to Neonatal Ward in Sanglah Hospital between April 2020 and December 2020. The ROC curve was used to determine the cut-off point of eosinophil count and MLR. Furthermore, a chi-squared test was used to determine sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV Results: The total sample was 100 subjects, and 28 subjects had positive blood culture (28%). The eosinophil count (cut-off of 0.16x103/µL or 160 cell/mm3) produced a sensitivity of 57.14%, specificity of 65.28%, PPV of 39.02%, and NPV of 79.66%. At a cut-off value of 0.38, MLR had a sensitivity of 67.86%, specificity of 72.22%, PPV of 48.72%, and NPV of 85.25%. Conclusion: Children with obesity were found to be significantly related to elevated blood pressure (hypertension).

Early Detection and Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1034-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Misek ◽  
Tasneem H. Patwa ◽  
David M. Lubman ◽  
Diane M. Simeone
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Major advances in cancer control will be greatly aided by early detection for diagnosing and treating cancer in its preinvasive state before metastasis. Unfortunately, for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, effective early detection and screening are currently not available and tumors are typically diagnosed at a late stage, frequently after metastasis. Partly because of low sensitivity/specificity, existing biomarkers such as CA19-9 are not adequate as early detection markers of pancreatic cancer. Thus, a great need exists for new biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. This article focuses on recent developments in the identification of new serum protein biomarkers that are useful in the early detection of PDAC.

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