scholarly journals Pathotypes of Colletotrichum sublineolum in Arkansas

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 1415-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Moore ◽  
M. Ditmore ◽  
D. O. TeBeest
Keyword(s):  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
The State ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Colletotrichum Sublineolum ◽  
Sorghum Anthracnose ◽  
Sorghum Breeding

Sorghum anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum, is widely distributed in most grain sorghum-producing areas in Arkansas, and localized epidemics continue to occur across the state. The objectives of this research were to determine the number of pathotypes of C. sublineolum in Arkansas and to determine where these pathotypes are located within the state. Ninety-eight isolates were collected from research stations and production fields located in the Delta region of Arkansas from 2003 through 2005 and were tested for virulence to eight differential grain sorghum breeding lines. Of these, 11 isolates produced conflicting and unreliable results and were excluded from further analysis. Among the remaining 87 isolates, 13 pathotypes were identified. Eleven of these pathotypes were previously unreported, with 53% of the isolates consisting of pathotype 9. Pathotype 9 was distinguished from all other pathotypes by its virulence to all eight differential lines. Pathotype diversity appeared to be more closely associated with the year than with the locations where isolates were collected. Although all host differential lines were susceptible to at least 50% of the isolates evaluated, inbred lines SC326-6, TAM428, and TX2536 were susceptible to more than 90% of the 87 isolates evaluated. These results showed that the C. sublineolum populations in Arkansas are diverse based on the comparisons of pathogenicity to previously published host differentials, and it appears that these field populations varied from year to year.

scholarly journals Creation and study of raw material for grain sorghum breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04018
Author(s):  
E. A. Vertikova ◽  
V I Zhuzhukin ◽  
V V Pylnev ◽  
L G Kurasova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Sorghum Breeding ◽  
Variety Testing

For the arid zone of the Lower Volga region, grain sorghum is an important forage crop. The paper presents the results of a comparative assessment of grain yield and biomass of breeding lines of grain sorghum in the nursery of preliminary variety testing. The volume of the nursery for the preliminary variety testing was 117 breeding lines. The most productive were the breeding lines of grain sorghum, the grain yield of which reached 3.95 t / ha (line PSI-17 / EV-56); 4.10 t / ha (line PSI-17 / EV-113); 4.15 t / ha (line PSI-17 / EV-55); 4.50 t / ha (line PSI-17 / EV-92) with a yield of 3.75 t / ha of the standard variety Volzhskoe 4. As a result of scientific research, the promising breeding lines of grain sorghum were identified: PSI-17 / EV-56 and PSI-17 / EV-92, which were recommended to be submitted for competitive variety testing. It is advisable to use the breeding line of grain sorghum PSI-17 / EV-54V for early maturity. The breeding lines of grain sorghum: PSI-17 / EV-56 and PSI-17 / EV-90 are planned to be included in crosses to create varieties and hybrids with high grain quality. Breeding lines of grain sorghum: PSI-17 / EV-50, PSI-17 / EV-54, PSI-17 / EV-92 and PSI-17 / EV-127 are planned to be used in breeding for biomass yield.

scholarly journals Development of Anthracnose on Grain Sorghum Hybrids Inoculated with Recently Described Pathotypes of Colletotrichum sublineolum Found in Arkansas

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Moore ◽  
M. Ditmore ◽  
D. O. TeBeest
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Colletotrichum Sublineolum ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Sorghum Anthracnose ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Different Levels

Sorghum anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum, is found in most grain-sorghum-producing areas, including Arkansas. Yield losses can be severe in susceptible sorghum hybrids, suggesting that host resistance will continue to be critical for maintaining high yields. However, genetic control is often unsuccessful because of haplotype and pathotype variability within the C. sublineolum population. The objective of this research was to assess the levels of resistance of selected grain sorghum hybrids to isolates of the recently described pathotypes of C. sublineolum found in Arkansas. Field experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate the reaction of 10 sorghum hybrids to eight C. sublineolum pathotypes by collecting anthracnose severity ratings at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after inoculation. Based on these disease severity ratings, the area under the disease progress curve was calculated for each pathotype by hybrid interaction. These data showed that different levels of resistance are available in the current grain sorghum hybrids to different pathotypes. Cargill 888Y was resistant to all pathotypes in both years. However, Asgrow A571, DEKALB DKS53-11, FFR 318, and Pioneer 84G62 were moderately susceptible to susceptible to all pathotypes tested in both years. Pathotype 9 caused the most disease on 7 of the 10 hybrids evaluated in 2005 but, in 2006, pathotypes 12 and 13 surpassed pathotype 9 for disease severity on 9 of the 10 hybrids. More work is needed to assess host resistance and the effect of sorghum anthracnose on yield parameters of grain sorghum hybrids planted in Arkansas.

Comparative evaluation of breeding lines of sugar sorgo in competitive variety testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Vertikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
The State ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Variety Testing

In a competitive variety trial, promising selection lines of sugar sorghum were studied in the Lower Volga region. Based on a set of signs, the best lines were identified, which are recommended for transfer to the State Variety Testing. Breeding lines, which are distinguished by high values of commercially valuable traits, can be used in planned crosses to create highly productive varieties and hybrids of sugar sorghum.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Activation of Quiescent Uq Transposable Elements during Endosperm Development in Zea Mays.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-464
Author(s):  
Y B Pan ◽  
P A Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Element System ◽  
Aleurone Tissue ◽  
Sufficient Stimulus

Abstract This study addresses the question of the activation of quiescent transposable elements in maize breeding lines. The a-ruq reporter allele of the Uq transposable element system expresses Uq activity (spots or sectors of spots in otherwise colorless aleurone tissue) when exposed to various genotypes of assorted maize inbred lines lacking any active Uq element. This activation of quiescent Uq elements occurs randomly during the growth of the endosperm. It is concluded that there are components in the genome that enhance the rare activation of quiescent Uq elements. Further, it seems that this activation occurs in the absence of any stress-inducing treatment, but that normal growth conditions provide sufficient stimulus for such activation.

scholarly journals Response of Sorghum Accessions from Four African Countries against <i>Colletotrichum sublineolum</i>, Causal Agent of Sorghum Anthracnose

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis K. Prom ◽  
John Erpelding ◽  
Ramasamy Perumal ◽  
Thomas Isakeit ◽  
Hugo Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Causal Agent ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Colletotrichum Sublineolum ◽  
Sorghum Anthracnose

Civil society, oil and conflict in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: ramifications of civil society for a regional resource struggle

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustine Ikelegbe
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Environmental Rights ◽  
Niger Delta Region

Civil society has been associated with challenges and popular struggles for state and democratic reforms. Though these may relate to the articulation of substantive ethnic, regional and communal demands, few studies have addressed the dynamics and ramifications of their engagement in struggles other than democratisation. This study focuses on the ramifications of the entrance of civil society into a regional resource agitation in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study finds that civil society has flowered, taken over and escalated the struggle and constructed itself into a solid formation of regional resistance. Civil groups have reconstructed the agitation into a broad, participatory, highly mobilised and coordinated struggle and redirected it into a struggle for self-determination, equity and civil and environmental rights. The study denotes the roles that civil society can play in the sociopolitical process and reveals the dynamics of their encounters with the state and multinational corporations.

scholarly journals Physiochemical Properties and Identification of Elite Genotypes for Improved Sorghum Breeding in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel T. Mwenda ◽  
Justin H. Ringo ◽  
Ernest R. Mbega
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Crop Resistance ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Sorghum Breeding ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Endosperm Texture

Variability in physiochemical properties in sorghum is critical in cultivar development for optimum grain quality and crop resistance against fungal and insect pests. These traits are not well studied. The objective of this study was to characterize sorghum genotypes based on kernel phenotypic and biochemical traits and identify promising genotypes for better utilization of these traits in sorghum breeding. 98 sorghum genotypes comprised by the released varieties, breeding lines, hybrids and local cultivars were studied using qualitative and quantitative parameters. 75.51% of these genotypes have thick pericarp, 33.67% have testa layer, and 7.0% showed mostly-corneous endosperm texture. Results revealed a wide variability among studied genotypes in terms of phenotypic and biochemical properties (p<0.001). A cross IES11038 X A1GD 34553 recorded the highest 100 seed weight (6.2g). Pato and IESV 92174DL were the hardest genotypes with 110.33 and 108.4N respectively. Protein content ranged from 6.52 to 12.23%, of which Naco Mtama 1 and IESV 24030SH were the promising genotypes. Genotypes ICSA 88006 x IESV92172DL, ICSA15 x R8602 and GADAM recorded the highest starch concentration (79 g/100g). The identified elite genotypes could enable selection and hybridization of useful traits.

scholarly journals Selection of corn inbred lines, testers, and hybrids adapted to second-crop environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Gomes ◽  
Marcos Ventura Faria ◽  
Jocimar Costa Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Lines ◽  
The State ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Corn Inbred ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield performance, adaptability, and stability of corn (Zea mays) topcross hybrids in nine environments in Brazil, in order to select inbred lines, testers, and promising hybrid combinations for these environments in the second crop season. The trials were carried out during the second crop season of 2017, in six sites in the state of Paraná and three in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Sixty-six single-cross hybrids, made up of 33 inbred lines crossed with two testers, were evaluated. The stability of the genotypes was assessed by the Schmidt & Cruz method and by the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) methodology. In addition, the genetic parameters and the general combining ability of the testers were estimated. Tester 2 is the most adapted to discriminate inbred lines in the second-crop environments. Inbred lines 12, 21, 23, and 32 are recommended for obtaining hybrids to be cultivated in the second crop season due to their good adaptability and stability and high yield in the crosses in which they participated. The HS123, HS223, and HS232 hybrids present the best performance and are the most recommended for the second-crop environments.

scholarly journals Variability in Reaction to Root and Crown Rot Caused by Rhizoctonia Solani Among Table Beet Cultivars, Breeding Lines, and Plant Introductions in Controlled Environment Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1482-1494
Author(s):  
Katharina S. Wigg ◽  
Irwin L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Root And Crown Rot ◽  
Infection Response

Table beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) is adversely affected by the soilborne fungus, Rhizoctonia solani, which greatly decreases root quality. There are no reports of breeding efforts designed to improve resistance to this fungus in table beet. A collection of table beet PIs, cultivars, and publicly available inbreds were characterized for their response to inoculation with R. solani in three replicated greenhouse experiments conducted between 2017 and 2019. An isolate of AG 2-2 IIIB was used to inoculate 8-week old plants, and both susceptible and resistant sugar beet genotypes were used for comparison. Plants were evaluated for internal and external disease characteristics 3 and 5 weeks postinoculation. Compared with uninoculated controls, PI accessions ranged from 2% to 44% infection, whereas cultivars and inbred lines ranged from 16% to 53% and 22% to 52%, respectively. No commercial cultivar outperformed the resistant sugar beet genotype; however, several PI accessions exhibited lower mean diseased tissue percentages than the resistant sugar beet. This suggests that resistance to R. solani may exist in table beet germplasm. PI accessions exhibited greater resistance on average than did cultivars. Inbred lines exhibited the least amount of variation. Ordinal regression allowed for prediction of infection response, which may be helpful in future selection efforts. ‘Badger Flame’, Ames 22164, PI 502294, PI 169015, ‘Long Season’, ‘Red Cloud’, and ‘Albina Vereduna’ were some of the most resistant accessions in our screens. The findings from this study can be used to inform decisions for breeding for host plant resistance in table beet.

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