First Report of Armillaria Root Disease Caused by Armillaria tabescens on Araucaria araucana in Veracruz, Mexico

In September 2007, bark samples were collected from the root collar of a single Araucaria araucana tree that had recently died and was suspected of being killed by Armillaria root disease. Disease symptoms and signs included a thinning crown and fruiting bodies at the tree base over a several-year period before tree death. The tree was located in an isolated street-tree planting within a business district on Maestros Veracruzanos Street, Xalapa, Veracruz (19°31′52′′N, 96°54′25′′W, elevation 1,392 m). One fungal isolate (MEX21WF) was obtained, which possessed two sequence repeat types from the intergenic spacer-1 (IGS-1) region (GenBank Accession Nos. GQ335541 and GQ335542). On the basis of these IGS-1 sequences, this isolate from Mexico possessed 99% nucleotide sequence identities with North American Armillaria tabescens isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. AY695410 ≈ GQ335541 and AY773966 ≈ GQ335542). Somatic pairing tests of the isolate with other North American Armillaria species also identified it as A. tabescens (2). In addition, fruiting bodies were produced on the stump base in 2009 that matched morphological features of A. tabescens, e.g., exannulate, cespitose growth in clusters, brown-gray stipe to blackish toward the base, longitudinally fibrillose, basidiospores (6–) 7 to 9 × 4 to 5 (–5.5) μm, and other general morphology. On the basis of these three lines of taxonomic evidence, it was concluded that the isolate was A. tabescens. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of A. tabescens causing Armillaria root disease in Mexico. Furthermore, this note represents the first report of A. tabescens on Araucaria araucana, which is native to Chile and Argentina. The other previous reports of A. tabescens in Mexico are based on herbarium specimens collected in 1965 (BPI 753040) from Valle de Bravo (approximately 350 km west of Xalapa) in the state of México and 1973 (BPI 753041) from near Monterrey (approximately 760 km north-northwest of Xalapa) in the state of Nuevo León (1). However, no host information or confirmation of taxonomic identification was reported for these herbarium specimens. Although this note confirms the presence of A. tabescens in Mexico, more surveys and monitoring are needed to determine the full distribution of this pathogen in Mexico. Because the climate and tree communities of eastern Mexico are similar to those of the southeastern United States, where A. tabescens has been reported as a common pathogen of oaks and fruit trees (3,4), it seems reasonable that A. tabescens may represent an existing or potential threat in eastern Mexico. References: (1) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory. Online publication. ARS, USDA, 2010. (2) K. I. Mallett and Y. Hiratsuka. Can. J. Bot. 64:2588, 1986. (3) F. Miranda and A. J. Sharp. Ecology 31:313, 1950. (4) G. Schnabel et al. Mycol. Res. 109:1208, 2005.

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First Report of Armillaria Root Disease Pathogen, Armillaria gallica, on Rhododendron and Quercus rubra in Georgia, USA

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-20-1567-pdn ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

John W. Hanna ◽

Ned B. Klopfenstein ◽

Michelle M. Cram ◽

Rabiu O. Olatinwo ◽

Stephen W Fraedrich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Quercus Rubra ◽

The State ◽

Root Disease ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Southeastern Usa ◽

First Report ◽

Botanical Gardens ◽

Armillaria Gallica ◽

Armillaria Root Disease

Armillaria root and butt diseases, which are a global issue, can be influenced by changing environmental conditions. Armillaria gallica is a well-known pathogen of diverse trees worldwide (Brazee and Wick 2009). Besides A. gallica causing root rot of Hemerocallis sp. and Cornus sp. in South Carolina (Schnabel et al. 2005), little is reported on the distribution and host range of A. gallica in the southeastern USA. In July 2017, three Armillaria isolates were obtained from two naturally occurring hosts in Georgia, USA and cultured on malt extract medium (3% malt extract, 3% dextrose, 1% peptone, and 1.5% agar). One isolate (GA3) was obtained in Unicoi State Park near Helen, Georgia (Lat. 34.712275, Long. -83.727765, elev. 498 m) from the basal portion of Rhododendron sp. with extensive root/butt decay, but no crown symptoms were evident (Supplementary Figure 1). GA4 and GA5 (Lat. 33.902433, Long. -83.382453, elev. 215 m) were isolated from wind-felled Quercus rubra (red oak) with root disease at the State Botanical Gardens in Athens, Georgia. GA4 was associated with a large root ball (ca. 4-m diameter) (Supplementary Figure 2), and GA5 was obtained from a mature tree with infected roots, with characteristic spongy rot of Armillaria root disease. Crown symptoms could not be evaluated because the crowns had been removed before the collections. Several other oaks with Armillaria root disease were noted throughout the State Botanical Gardens. Pairing tests reduced these three isolates (whiteish mycelia with a dark, brownish crust and rhizomorphs), to two genets with GA4 = GA5. Both genets (GA3 and GA4) were identified as A. gallica using translation elongation factor 1α (tef1) sequences (Genbank Nos. MT761697 and MT761698, respectively) that showed ≥ 97% identity (≥ 98% coverage) with A. gallica sequences (KF156772, KF156775). Also, nine replications of somatic pairing tests showed 33 – 67% compatibility with A. gallica (occurs in southeastern USA), compared with 0 – 22% for A. mexicana, A. mellea (occurs in southeastern USA), A. solidipes, and Desarmillaria tabescens (occurs in southeastern USA). To our knowledge, this note represents the first report of A. gallica on Rhododendron and Q. rubra in Georgia, USA, which has experienced severe drought in recent decades (e.g., Park Williams et al. 2017) that could predispose trees to Armillaria infection (e.g., Wargo 1996). Quercus rubra was previously reported as a host of A. gallica in Arkansas (Kelley et al. 2009) and Massachusetts (Brazee and Wick 2009), USA. In Missouri, USA, A. gallica has been reported as a weak pathogen with potential biological control against A. mellea (Bruhn et al. 2000). Other reports from several regions on various hosts suggest pathogenicity of A. gallica is associated with changing climate (Nelson et al. 2013, Kim et al. 2017, Kubiak et al. 2017). Wide genetic variation and/or cryptic speciation within A. gallica may account for differences in ecological behavior (Klopfenstein et al. 2017), but this is difficult to evaluate because Armillaria pathogenicity tests cannot be used on most forest tree seedlings. This study suggests that A. gallica is more widespread than previously known and its adverse impacts on woody plants may intensify over time, depending on the environmental conditions. Further studies are needed to determine environmental influences on A. gallica, the full distribution of A. gallica, and its effects in forests of the southeastern USA.

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First Report of the Armillaria Root Disease Pathogen, Armillaria sinapina, on Subalpine Fir (Abies lasiocarpa) and Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) in Colorado

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-15-0837-pdn ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 217-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. S. Burns ◽

J. W. Hanna ◽

N. B. Klopfenstein ◽

M.-S. Kim

Keyword(s):

Populus Tremuloides ◽

Root Disease ◽

Quaking Aspen ◽

Abies Lasiocarpa ◽

Subalpine Fir ◽

First Report ◽

Armillaria Root Disease

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First Report of Armillaria Root Disease Caused by Armillaria ostoyae on Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) and Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus) in South Korea

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-15-0744-pdn ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 528-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. K. Lee ◽

S.-T. Seo ◽

J.-H. Park ◽

S. K. Lee

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Pinus Strobus ◽

Root Disease ◽

Japanese Larch ◽

Larix Kaempferi ◽

White Pine ◽

Eastern White Pine ◽

First Report ◽

Armillaria Ostoyae ◽

Armillaria Root Disease

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First Report of the Armillaria Root-Disease Pathogen, Armillaria gallica, Associated with Several Woody Hosts in Three States of Central Mexico (Guanajuato, Jalisco, and Michoacán)

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-20-1274-pdn ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 222

Author(s):

E. Duarte-Mata ◽

R. D. Elías-Román ◽

N. B. Klopfenstein ◽

J. W. Hanna ◽

M.-S. Kim

Keyword(s):

Root Disease ◽

Central Mexico ◽

First Report ◽

Armillaria Gallica ◽

Armillaria Root Disease

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First Report of Armillaria Root Disease Caused by Armillaria tabescens on Carpinus tschonoskii in South Korea

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-15-0651-pdn ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 213-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. K. Lee ◽

S.-T. Seo

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Root Disease ◽

First Report ◽

Armillaria Root Disease

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SOCIAL ASPECTS OF NATIONAL SAFETY OF THE STATE

PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Idea ◽

10.31471/2304-7410-2018-6(50)-7-12 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 7-12

Author(s):

O. B. Berezovska-Chmil

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Social Security ◽

National Security ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

State Regulation ◽

The State ◽

Potential Threat ◽

Role Of The State ◽

Level Of Economic Development

In this article theoretical and еmpirical analysis of social security are conducted. Ways of the optimization social security are argumented. The author notes that significant transformation processes are taking place in the country. They affect the state of security. It is noted that with the development of scientific and technological progress the number of threats and dangers does not decrease. At the same time, the essence of the phenomenon of "danger" is revealed. Empirical studies have been carried out on the basis of an analysis of problems related to ensuring the necessary safety of people. It is established that in recent times organized crime, including cybercrime, has spread widely in Ukraine. It has a negative impact on ensuring national security and sustainable development. A number of factors have been singled out. They are a potential threat to national security. Groups of possible dangers are determined. Summarizing the opinions of scientists, the essence of the concept of "social security" is characterized. It is emphasized that its state is influenced by the level of economic development, the effectiveness of social policy of the state and state regulation of social development. The authors have grounded the formation of national and social security, have proved that sustainable development is connected with the observance of social standards; have considered the development and implementation of a balanced social and environmental and economic policy. This policy would involve active use of the latest production technologies, minimizing the amount of harmful emissions to the environment, strengthening the role of the state in solving social and economic problems and sustainable development.

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First report on the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in the endangered Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) in China

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-020-02694-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Si-Yang Huang ◽

Jing-Zhi Gong ◽

Yi-Jun Ren ◽

Ming Pan ◽

Wei-Min Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Potential Threat ◽

Prevalence Data ◽

First Report ◽

Natural Reserve ◽

Zoonotic Parasite ◽

The World ◽

Père David’S Deer ◽

Microscopy Examination ◽

Elaphurus Davidianus

Abstract Background Fasciola hepatica is an important zoonotic parasite that causes fasciolosis in a broad range of animals. No information is available about the prevalence of F. hepatica in Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus), an endangered species in the world. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of fasciolosis in Père David’s deer in the Dafeng Elk National Natural Reserve, Jiangsu province, China. Results In this study, 142 fecal samples from Père David’s deer were analyzed for F. hepatica by microscopy and nest-PCR. Only one sample was positive for F. hepatica according to microscopy examination, while 18 of 142 (12.68, 95%CI: 2.841–22.45%) samples were positive for F. hepatica according to nest-PCR results. Conclusions This is the first report of prevalence of F. hepatica in Père David’s deer. The prevalence data indicated that F. hepatica was also present in this endangered animal, which may cause a potential threat to this precious species.

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Flora of Espírito Santo: Psidium (Myrtaceae)

Rodriguésia ◽

10.1590/2175-7860201768515 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 1791-1805 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amélia C. Tuler ◽

Tatiana T. Carrijo ◽

Márcia F.S. Ferreria ◽

Ariane L. Peixoto

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Sea Level ◽

The State ◽

Agricultural Expansion ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Espírito Santo ◽

Lowland Forests ◽

Atlantic Rainforest Biome ◽

Espirito Santo

Abstract This study presents a floristic-taxonomic treatment of Psidium in the state of Espírito Santo, and is a result of fieldwork combined with analyses of herbarium specimens. Fourteen species of the genus were recognized in Espírito Santo state (P. brownianum, P. cattleianum, P. cauliflorum, P. guajava, P. guineense, P. longipetiolatum, P. myrtoides, P. oblongatum, P. oligospermum, P. ovale, P. rhombeum, P. rufum P. sartorianum, and Psidium sp.), accounting for about 34% of the species richness estimated for the genus in the Atlantic Rainforest biome. The species occur predominantly in lowland forests up to 700 meters above sea level. These areas are highly threatened due to urbanization of coastal areas and agricultural expansion in the state Espírito Santo. Therefore, the conservation of Psidium species in this state requires the creation of more lowland protected areas.

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Notes on the known species of Trichomyia Haliday of Mexico, with the establishment of a synonymy and the description of a new species (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.523.1.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 523 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

SERGIO IBÁÑEZ-BERNAL

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

The State ◽

Female Specimen ◽

Male And Female ◽

First Report ◽

As Species ◽

Species Inquirenda ◽

A New Species

Only three species of Trichomyia Haliday have been recorded in Mexico. Trichomyia cirrata Coquillett, 1902, is recognized by its female characteristics, T. fairchildi Vargas and D az-N jera, 1953, was described based only on the wing and must be considered as species inquirenda, and T. maldonadoi (Vargas, 1953), which was described based on one female specimen. Specimens of Trichomyia collected in the states of Campeche, Yucatan, and Oaxaca, Mexico, allowed this female to be associated with the male of T. brevitarsa (Rapp, 1945), thus providing a first report of this species in Mexico. Consequently, T. maldonadoi is proposed as a synonym of T. brevitarsa. Additionally, a new species of Trichomyia from the state of Veracruz, Mexico, is described and illustrated based on the male and female characteristics.

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