QUALITY OF POLITICAL ELITE OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEX OF DEMOCRATIC CHANGES

During the period of complexity of systemic reforms in modern Ukraine, the big importance of the qualities and actions of the political elite become on the first hand. Еhe ability to fulfill urgent tasks of democratic arrangement of different spheres of social life depends on these qualities and actions of the political elite. The article analyzes the problem of the quality of the political elite in Ukraine. The article proves the importance of forming a professional, effective, active, qualitative elite in the conditions of state building. The basic ideas of the founders of elitology are described, the content of the concepts "elite", "establishment", "political class" is revealed. The conclusions about the main stages of formation of political elites in Ukraine are made. It is proved that the process of forming a truly leading elite group is underway, which can unite the political, economic and cultural revival of our state.

NOVEMBER REVOLUTION IN GALITCA IN 1918 AS A MILITARY OPERATION

The purpose of this article is to analyze the plans of Ukrainian political forces regarding the proclamation and formation of an independent state of Ukraine, and their implementation in terms of military strategy and tactics. The article analyzes various forms (peaceful and military uprising) of preparation for the transfer or receipt of power by the Ukrainian side after the end of the First World War in the Dnieper Ukraine and in Galicia, as well as ways to achieve the strategic goal of the Ukrainian people the crea­tion of a Ukrainian state. Methods of analysis of archival documents, analogy, comparison, hy­pothetical established, that all representatives of the political parties of East Galicia considered and focused only on the peaceful way of receiving power by the Ukrainian people in the autumn (in accordance) based on the plan de­veloped and agreed upon the life of Prince Franz-Ferdinand whit represent­atives of the Ukrainian side, who were represented in the Austro-Hungarian Parliament – the Reich rat. Other variants (options) of the proclamation and formation of the Ukrainian state were not foreseen, not considered, not pre­pared or the Galician politicians. Military variants could theoretically have beet two, but none of them were political forces, that to take up preparations for the creation of a state, have not (foreseen) predicted and not complete the training (preparation have not been made). The only ones, who thought soberly and really saw the power version of the creation of the Ukrainian state and its protection, were Ukrainian officers and elders in retirement or who served in the Austro-Hungarian Army. Findings. Unfortunately, due to the passivity of politicians, the prepa­ration of a military operation on the proclamation and protection of the Ukrainian state it was started too late. And although it is just the gaining power of the Ukrainians as tactical military operation, it has been successful, but the strategic purpose (goal) – the proclamation and preservation of the state Ukraine – Ukrainians have not prepared and failed. The reason for the defeat is the mentality of Ukrainian.

TURKISH-JORDAN BILATERAL RELATIONS: DIFFERENCES ON THE GROUND OF COMMON INTERESTS

The positions of Turkey and Jordan as subjects of the Middle East Re­gional System of International Relations are analyzed. The role of Turkey and Jordan in building a regional security architecture in the Middle East has been revealed. The features of bilateral cooperation and its dynamics are characterized. The problems of common interest have been identified: the settlement of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict; the civil war in Syria and the refugee problem it has caused; strengthening mutually beneficial economic cooperation, etc.

THE POLITICAL FUTURE OF SCOTLAND AND NORTHERN IRELAND. TWO WAYS – ONE CHOICE?

The article analyzes the features of the politicization of the Scotland and Northern Ireland at the present stage. The basic identifiers for the com­munities in these regions are revealed. The important role of devolution pol­icy in the political relations of the Center with regions in the United Kingdom is justified. Emphasis is placed on the exceptional importance of Brexit in the context of strengthening the separation of the Scotland and Northern Ireland. It is marked common and distinctive features of both regions in the vision of the political future. The current state of the factors contributing to separatism in both regions is compared. Estimates of the likelihood of increased separa­tion movements in the Scotland and Northern Ireland in the future are given.

UKRAINIAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY IN THE PARTY-POLITICAL LIFE OF THE GALICIA OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1930-s

The activities of the Ukrainian Social Democratic Party (USDP), founded in 1899, in the second half of the 1930s are highlighted. This party tried to combine the national idea and Marxism, took an active part in political life in Western Ukraine (until September 1939). The USDP used parliamentary methods for the creation of an independent Ukrainian socialist state, opposed the Ukrainian nationalist underground, and had a relationship with Polish and Jewish socialists. Since 1935, for the third time in the pre-war decade, the party has been a participant in the consolidation process of legal Ukrainian parties of national-state movements in Poland, which have periodically emerged under the influence of a number of internal and external factors. On the eve of the Second World War, the crisis of democratic forces, the rise of authoritarianism in various forms across Europe negatively affected the public influence of the USDP, as well as Social Democracy in general in the Second Polish Republic.

A STUDY OF THE SOVIET STATE'S CULTURAL POLICY IN THE UKRAINIAN VILLAGE DURING THE YEARS OF COLLECTIVIZATION PROVOCATIONS OF THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA AND FOREIGN AUTHORS

The article deals with the research of scientists of the Ukrainian dias­pora and foreign authors, who analyzes the problems of the policy of the So­viet statehood in the Ukrainian village in the 1930s. The works of diaspora scientists are very different from the depth of scientific analysis. Most of them are anti-Soviet in nature with propaganda, and their scientific analysis is in­sufficient. More attention is paid to the development of literature in Soviet Ukraine, however, little attention is paid to the development of education, and the cultural education work is not touched upon at all. Development of Ukrainian lands in the 1930s, etc. the culture of the village was interested to foreign researchers during the naming of the USSR qualified the Soviet histo­rians uniquely as "bourgeois", and they needed to be debunked in every his­torical study. Now you must pay tribute to these researchers.

STRUGGLE FOR UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE AS A WAY OF SAVING NATIONAL IDENTITY IN 1919–1939 (ON THE EXAMPLE OF STANISLAVIV DISTRICT)

Features of Ukrainian national-cultural life as a part of the Second Polish Republic (1919–1939) on the example of Stanislaviv district are considered in this article. The basic aspects of the state policy of the Polish authorities concerning national minorities, particularly, in education, are described. The main goal of this policy was assimilation of the local population through displacement of Ukrainian language from the most important sectors of public life.

BETWEEN INVOLVED POWER AND ACTUAL HUMANITY: A TYPOLOGY OF THE DIPLOMACY OF THE WESTERN UKRAINIAN PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC

The features of foreign policy activity of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic (WUPR) are investigated in the article. On the basis of modern approaches in the field of international relations theory, 10 types of diplomacy of this Ukrainian state in 1918-1923 were investigated: “quiet” & “protest” diplomacy); “group diplomacy” & “nichte diplomacy”; “diasporic diplomacy” & “multicultural diplomacy”; “enterprises diplomacy” & “regulatory diplomacy”; “summit diplomacy” & “cyber diplomacy”. It is concluded that, although the fundamental principle of unification with Ukraine was taken as the basis of WUPR international legal relations, the problem of powerlessness of diplomacy of this Ukrainian state was the desire of middle and lower level diplomats who confused party interests with national pseudo-actors of policy, that would embody the international prestige of the state.

APPLYING STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ANALYZING TEXTS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION PROGRAMMES

Modern statistics is equipped with the methods of formalization (mea­surement) of the objects of different nature. This concerns in particular texts of the so called natural language. This article provides analysis (conducted by means of statistical methods) of the election programmes’ texts of the can­didates for Ukraine’s Presidency in the 2019 election. With the method of multidimensional scaling, the data set was created that consists of two nu­merical characteristics that describe the peculiarities of the reviewed pro­grammes’ texts. With the correlation analysis, the correlation was estab­lished between the texts of the candidates’ election programmes and the offi­cial results of the first round of the election, as well as the results of the na­tionwide exit poll. By applying the Ward’s method cluster analysis, the four groups of the candidates for Ukraine’s Presidency were outlined. Also, the peculiarities of the groups’ programmes texts were identified, as well as the key words clouds were created for quick apprehension of the most frequently used words and their distribution according to popularity. Data preparation and all statistical calculations were performed with the help of the statistical calculation environment R.

SOCIAL ASPECTS OF NATIONAL SAFETY OF THE STATE

In this article theoretical and еmpirical analysis of social security are conducted. Ways of the optimization social security are argumented. The author notes that significant transformation processes are taking place in the country. They affect the state of security. It is noted that with the development of scientific and technological progress the number of threats and dangers does not decrease. At the same time, the essence of the phenomenon of "danger" is revealed. Empirical studies have been carried out on the basis of an analysis of problems related to ensuring the necessary safety of people. It is established that in recent times organized crime, including cybercrime, has spread widely in Ukraine. It has a negative impact on ensuring national security and sustainable development. A number of factors have been singled out. They are a potential threat to national security. Groups of possible dangers are determined. Summarizing the opinions of scientists, the essence of the concept of "social security" is characterized. It is emphasized that its state is influenced by the level of economic development, the effectiveness of social policy of the state and state regulation of social development. The authors have grounded the formation of national and social security, have proved that sustainable development is connected with the observance of social standards; have considered the development and implementation of a balanced social and environmental and economic policy. This policy would involve active use of the latest production technologies, minimizing the amount of harmful emissions to the environment, strengthening the role of the state in solving social and economic problems and sustainable development.