scholarly journals DNA Analysis of Ralstonia solanacearum and Related Bacteria Based on 282-bp PCR-Amplified Fragment

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1337-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joselito Villa ◽  
Kenichi Tsuchiya ◽  
Mitsuo Horita ◽  
Marina Natural ◽  
Nenita Opina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Restriction Fragments ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 2

Strains of Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonas syzygii, and the blood disease bacterium (BDB) from different countries were tested for polymerase chain reaction amplification of the 282-bp fragment using the primer pair 759 and 760. These 282-bp fragments from 49 strains of R. solanacearum, six strains of P. syzygii, and two strains of BDB were sequenced. A phylogenetic tree was generated based on the sequence alignment. The R. solanacearum strains were divided into three groups. Group I was composed of strains belonging to biovars 3, 4, 5, and biovar N2 from Japan. Most of the strains from this group were of Asian origin except for two strains from Australia and Guyana (GMI 1000), the type strain. Group II was composed of strains belonging to biovars 1 and 2 and biovar N2 from Brazil. Group III was composed of strains belonging to biovar N2 from Japan and the Philippines. All strains of P. syzygii and BDB clustered in group III. Based on nucleotide differences of the 282-bp fragments, restriction enzyme NlaIII was capable of differentiating R. solanacearum strains into the three groups. Restriction analysis of 165 R. solanacearum isolates from the Philippines using NlaIII showed that all biovar 3 and 4 (group 1) strains had restriction fragments of 116 and 166 bp, strains belonging to biovars 1 and 2 (group 2) showed no restriction, and one strain belonging to biovar 2 (group 3) showed restriction fragments of 54 and 228 bp in size. Thus, NlaIII could be used for rapid differentiation of R. solanacearum strains. Additionally, other restriction enzymes, such as McrI, BsiEI, and MnlI could be used to differentiate R. solanacearum strains from P. syzygii strains.

Phylogenetic relationships of sorghum taxa inferred from mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment analysis

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Guo ◽  
D. Z. Skinner ◽  
G. H. Liang
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Taxonomic Research

To elucidate the evolutionary history and affinity of sorghum species, 41 sorghum taxa were analyzed using variability in mitochondrial DNA. Analysis of species relationships at the molecular level can provide additional data to supplement the existing classification based on morphological characters and may also furnish unexpected but useful information. Total DNA extracted from each of the sorghum accessions was digested with each of five restriction enzymes, BamHI, HindIII, EcoRI, EcoRV, and XbaI, and probed with five mitochondrial DNAs cloned from Sorghumbicolor. A total of 180 restriction fragments was detected by the 25 probe–enzyme combinations. Forty-three fragment bands were phylogenetically informative. Multiple correspondence analysis was performed to visualize associations among the accessions and suggested that section Eusorghum species may be divided into four groups, with Sorghumlaxiflorum (section Heterosorghum) and Sorghumnitidum (section Parasorghum) appearing as outliers. A phylogenetic tree was assembled from mitochondrial restriction fragment data. The taxa analyzed formed three major groups comprising section Heterosorghum (group I), section Parasorghum (group II), and all accessions in section Eusorghum (group III). Group III is further divided into four groups: (i) two sweet sorghums and shattercane; (ii) Sorghumhalepense, Sorghummiliaceum, Sorghumhewisonii, Sorghumaethiopicum, Sorghumverticilliflorum, and S. bicolor, including Sorghumsudanense (sudangrass), the Chinese Kaoliangs, and a number of commercial sorghum inbreds from the U.S.A.; (iii) Sorghumpropinquum; and (iv) Sorghumarundinaceum, Sorghumniloticum, Sorghumalmum, Sorghumcontroversum, and the Chinese material C-401 and 5-27. Results indicate that the analysis of fragmented mitochondrial DNA was diagnostic and useful in sorghum phylogenetic and taxonomic research at the species, subspecies, and race levels, and can complement results from those analyses using nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA that effectively distinguish taxa at species and genus levels. Key words : Sorghum, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeny, restriction fragment.

scholarly journals A preoperatív antibiotikus és antiszeptikus kezelés hatása a műtéti úton eltávolított alsó bölcsességfogak sebgyógyulására – prospektív randomizált vizsgálat

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Kaposvári ◽  
Kinga Körmöczi ◽  
Zsuzsa Beáta László ◽  
Ferenc Oberna ◽  
Ferenc Horváth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Prophylactic Dose ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mandibular Third Molar ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Group 2

Abstract: Introduction and aim: The study compares the antibiotic prophylaxis combined with postoperative antibiotic therapy to preoperative chlorhexidine rinse combined with postoperative antibiotic therapy in preventing complications after surgical removal of a mandibular third molar. Method: 71 healthy patients in four groups were enrolled in the study: I. prophylactic dose of 2000 mg of amoxicillin clavulanate, continued with amoxicillin clavulanate postoperatively; II. prophylactic dose of 600 mg of clindamycin, continued with clindamycin postoperatively; III. prophylactic chlorhexidin rinsing, continued randomized amoxicillin clavulanate or clindamycin postoperatively; IV. control, with clindamycin postoperatively. Results: The pain was smaller in the prophylaxis groups. Alveolitis occurred only in the control group: 2 patients. Wound opening occurred in 22,2 % in group IV., 14,2 % in group II, 10 % in group I., 5 % in group III. Conclusion: We consider completing the indicated postoperative antibiotic prescription with antibiotic or antiseptic prophylaxis. Chlorhexidin prophylaxis could have the same positive effect. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(1), 13–19.

scholarly journals Geographic Discrimination of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Strains by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Calcagno ◽  
Gustavo Niño-Vega ◽  
Felipe San-Blas ◽  
Gioconda San-Blas
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Discriminatory Index

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of 33Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela produced reproducible amplification products which were sufficiently polymorphic to allow differentiation of the strains. Types generated with five primers (OPG 03, OPG 05, OPG 14, OPG 16, and OPG 18) resulted in a high discriminatory index (0.956). The discriminatory index was slightly reduced (0.940) when only two primers (OPG 3 and OPG 14) were used. A dendrogram based on these results showed a high degree of similarity among the strains, and genetic differences were expressed in clusters related to geographical regions but not to pathological features of the disease. With a few exceptions, strains were sorted into five groups by geographical origin as follows: group I, Venezuelan strains; group II, Brazilian strains; group III, Peruvian strains; group IV, Colombian strains; and group V, Argentinian strains. The group containing the most disparate strains was group V (discriminatory index, 0.633); the discriminatory index for the other four groups was 0.824. The use of primer OPG 18 by itself was sufficient to discriminate species specificity, and the use of primer OPG 14 by itself was sufficient to discriminate among the geographical locations of the strains in the sample. This method may be helpful for epidemiological studies ofP. brasiliensis.

Dysfunction Patterns of Epoxy-Treated Tissue Heart Valves

Kardiologiia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Glushkova ◽  
E. A. Ovcharenko ◽  
N. V. Rogulina ◽  
K. Yu. Klyshnikov ◽  
Yu. A. Kudryavtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Actuarial Survival ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Tissue Valve ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Calcific Deposits ◽  
Tissue Heart Valves

Purpose: to perform comparative morphological analysis of causes of dysfunction of epoxy-treated, xenoaortic and xenopericardial, tissues heart valves.Materials and methods. We included in this study 475 patients with mitral valve disease who have undergone heart valve replacement with tissue valve: (“KemCor”, n=211 [group 1]; “PeriCor”, n=126 [group 2]; and “UniLine”, n=138 [group 3]). Degenerative changes in 26 tissue valves (n=9 “KemCor”, n=11 “PeriCor”, and n=6 “UniLine”) explanted from the mitral position during the repeat replacement were evaluated macroscopically for the presence of calcifications, perforations, leaflet tears and ruptures, pannus, and leaflet fusion to the stent frame. Analysis of survival, freedom from dysfunction and reoperation of the studied tissue heart valves was performed for the period from January 1, 1995 to March 01, 2017.Results: Pannus overgrowth on the stent struts with extension onto the leaflets was seen on 53.8% of explanted tissue valves. “KemCor” and “PeriCor” tissue valves demonstrated over 70% rate of adhesion formation at the commissure, and in 93% of these cases there were leaflet ruptures at the commissure. Signs of calcification of different grades had 57.6% of specimens. Over 50% of “PeriCor” and “UniLine” tissue valve specimens had calcification at the stent frame. Calcified pannus was noted in 35% of all studied tissue heart valves. Interestingly, dysfunction in 53.3% of the studied tissue heart valves with detected calcification was not associated with calcific deposits. The 6-year actuarial survival for groups I, II and III was 73.5, 66.1 and 87.6%, respectively (group I vs. group II, p=0.6; group II vs. group III - p<0.05; group I vs. group III - p<0.05). The actuarial freedom from reoperation was 81.9%, 75.0% and 94.2%, respectively (pI-II>0.05; pII-III<0.05; pI-III<0.05). The actuarial freedom from dysfunction was 79.6%, 75.0%, and 94.2%, respectively (pI-II>0.05; pII-III<0.05; pI-III<0.05).Conclusion. The structure of dysfunctions of the studied tissue heart valves was represented by primary tissue failure, calcification and pannus growth. Specific design of the “UniLine” valve allowed to prevent the formation of adhesions between leaflets and the frame in the commissure buttress area, and as a result leaflet rupture from the stent struts. Xenopericardial “UniLine” tissue valves turned out to be superior to xenoaortic “KemCor” and “PeriCor” tissue valves in terms of survival, freedom from reoperations and dysfunction within the 6-year follow-up.

scholarly journals Anti-snake venom and methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata: a multipronged strategy to neutralize Naja naja venom acetylcholinesterase and hyaluronidase

3 Biotech ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshatha Ganesh Nayak ◽  
Nitesh Kumar ◽  
Smita Shenoy ◽  
Maya Roche
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Crude Venom ◽  
Naja Naja ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Hyaluronidase Activity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 2

AbstractThe study investigates the ability of methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata (MAP) to supplement polyvalent anti-snake venom (ASV) in inhibiting neurotoxic enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and ‘spreading factor’ hyaluronidase from Naja naja (N.N) venom. AChE and hyaluronidase activity were measured in 100 or 200 µg of crude venom, respectively, and designated as ‘control’. In Test Group I, enzyme assays were performed immediately after the addition of ASV/MAP/ASV + MAP to the venom. Inhibition of AChE by ASV (100–367 µg) was 12–17%, and of hyaluronidase (22–660 µg) was 33–41%. Under the same conditions, MAP (100–400 µg) inhibited AChE and hyaluronidase to the extent of 17–33% and 17–52%, respectively. When ASV (220 µg) and MAP (100–200 µg) were added together, AChE and hyaluronidase were inhibited to a greater extent from 39–63 to 36–44%, than when either of them was used alone. In Test Group 2, the venom was incubated with ASV/MAP/ASV + MAP for 10–30 min at 37 °C prior to the assay which enhanced AChE inhibition by 6%, 82% and 18% respectively, when compared to Test Group I. Though there was no change in inhibition of hyaluronidase in the presence of ASV, MAP could further increase the extent of inhibition by 27% and ASV + MAP upto 4%. In Test Group III, venom and substrate were incubated for 90 min and hyaluronidase activity was measured after the addition of inhibitors. Here, ASV + MAP caused increased inhibition by 69% compared to ASV alone. The study confirms the ability of phytochemicals in MAP to contribute to a multipronged strategy by supplementing, thereby augmenting the efficacy of ASV.

scholarly journals Remineralization potential of GC Tooth Mousse and GC Tooth Mousse plus on initial caries like lesion of primary Teeth – An in-vitro comparative evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Anshul ◽  
Kaushal Kishor Jha
Keyword(s):  
Group Iii ◽  
Initial Caries ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tooth Mousse ◽  
Group 1

Aim: Teeth are constantly going through cycles of demineralization and remineralization. The ultimate goal of clinical intervention is the preservation of tooth structure and the prevention of lesion progression to the point where restoration is required. Thus promoting remineralization is the ultimate goal of clinical prevention of caries lesion. The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the efficacy of GC Tooth Mousse (CPP-ACP) and GC Tooth Mousse Plus (CPP-ACP)F  on artificial enamel caries in primary human teeth.   Methods and Material:    Sixty freshly extracted human primary anterior teeth were used in this study.      The root portion of 60 primary anterior teeth was separated from the crown portion at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)      Teeth samples were divided into 3 Groups (n=20 each). Group 1 as a control group, Group 2  GC Tooth Mousse, and Group 3 Tooth Mousse Plus containing dentifrices were used. Samples were subjected to 10 days of pH cycling protocol. The changes were analyzed using Vickers Hardness Testing Machine and SEM.    Pre and post groups were compared by paired t-test.  Independent groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance.   Result: Micro-morphological observations of the enamel surfaces with SEM :      Group 1 the enamel scanning showed shallow depressions and fine porosities within these depressions, Group 2 showed numerous granular particles and amorphous crystals which were arranged on the enamel surface. Smooth, homogeneous surface, and no irregularities were seen in Group 3. Surface Microhardness Evaluation   After treatment, the mean hardness Group III was the highest followed by  Group II and Group I (i.e. Group I < Group II < Group III).   Conclusion:  GC Tooth Mousse Plus showed a statistically significant amount of remineralization.

scholarly journals ISONIAZID (INH)

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1587-1595
Author(s):  
Umer Aleem ◽  
Rahman Shah ◽  
Noor Khan ◽  
M. Suliman
Keyword(s):  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 2

Objectives: Hepatotoxicity is the most complicated side effect of isoniazid (inh)in the patient treated for tuberculosis. In causes 8–30% hepatotoxicity in the developing world.Metabolism of INH produces a metabolite, called acetyl isoniazid. In this study hepatoprotectiveeffect of honey, in isoniazid induced animal model was assessed. Study Design: Randomizedcontrol trial. Setting: Saidu Medical College, Saidu Sharif Swat, KP. Period: October ToDecember 2017. Material and Methods: 40 healthy male rabbits were assigned randomly tothe group i, ii, iii and iv by using lottery method. Ten animals were grouped each row. Theisoniazid-induced hepatotoxic model was created by giving 50 mg inh/kg orally on daily basisfor eleven days. Group i was taken as negative control group ii as a positive control. Group iii andiv were experimental groups treated with 50 mg /kg/day and 100 mg /kg/day buckwheat honeyrespectively for eleven days. SPSS Version 16 software was used, mean, s.d. were determinedin all the groups. Values of serum bilirubin, sgpt, and alkaline phosphatase were comparedwith each other using pairt-test. Results: SGPT, Serum bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatasewere obtained in all the animals. Comparing group 1 negative control with group 2, 3 and 4shows statistical significance, (p=0.00). Comparing group 2 positive control with 3 and 4 showsstatistical significance, (p=0.00). Further comparing group 3 with group 4 also shows statisticalsignificance (p=0.00). Conclusion: From the above finding, it has been revealed that honeyhas got a protective effect in regressing hepatitis that has been induced in rabbit’s model byhigh doses of isoniazid. Related studies performed in which different chemicals and drugs havebeen tried for their protective role in isoniazid induced hepatitis also shows a similar type ofresults.

scholarly journals Complex toxin binder mycotox® ng influence on the hepatotoxic effect of aflatoxin B1 in experimental treated goslings

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-240
Author(s):  
I. Valchev ◽  
К. Stojanchev ◽  
N. Nicolov ◽  
R. Binev
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Hepatotoxic Effect ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Abstarct. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of aflatoxin B1 and Mycotox NG applied either independently or together, on blood total protein, albumin, blood glucose, total bilirubin, triglycerides, cholesterol, enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ GT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and changes in liver morphology. At the same time, the potential of supplementation of feed with a mycosorbent (Mycotox NG) was evaluated. Experiments were carried out with 40 1-day-old Toulouse geese from mixed sexes divided into one control and three treatment groups (n=10). Groups were as followed: Group I – control (0 mg/kg AFB1 not supplemented with Mycotox NG); Group II (0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG), Group III (0.5 mg/kg AFB1) and Group IV (0.5 mg/kg AFB1 and 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG). In this study, commercially available geese of Toulouse strain were reared from day one to forty two days in the deep litter system of management and the birds were divided into four groups. Normal feed tested free of aflatoxin (AFB1), was given to the control (Group – 1). 0.5 g/kg Mycotox was supplemented with the feed to Group 2, Aflatoxin (0.5 mg/kg feed) was supplemented with the feed to Group 3 and Mycotox Ng (0.5 g/kg feed) + 0.5 mg/kg feed AFB1 was supplemented with the feed to Group 4. The duration of the experiments was 42 days. The monitored blood chemical parameters were analysed on post treatment days 21 and 42. In birds treated only with AFB1, (group III) increased blood activities of studied enzymes. At the same time, blood total protein, albumin, cholesterol, glucose and triglycerides were reduced as compared to controls. The observed histopathological changes in the liver consisted in various extent of dystrophy (congestion, vacuolar and granular dystrophy, round cell proliferation, necrobiotic changes, hyperplasia of gallbladder epithelium). The addition of mycosorbent (Mycotox NG) to the feed of Groups IV reduced substantially the changes in blood chemistry and the severity and frequency of liver histological lesions. The addition of mycosorbent (Mycotox NG) to the feed of Groups IV reduced substantially the changes in blood chemistry and the severity and frequency of liver histological lesions.

Certaines légumineuses du genre Crotalaria sont spécifiquement nodulées par une nouvelle espèce de Methylobacterium

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye Sy ◽  
Éric Giraud ◽  
Ramatoulaye Samba ◽  
Philippe de Lajudie ◽  
Monique Gillis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Single Pattern ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Slow Growing

We studied a collection of 126 rhizobial isolates from eight species of Crotalaria (C. comosa, C. glaucoides, C. goreensis, C. hyssopifolia, C. lathyroides, C. perrottetii, C. podocarpa, and C. retusa) growing in Senegal. Nodulation and nitrogen-fixation tests on nine Crotalaria species revealed two specificity groups within the genus Crotalaria. Group I consists of plants solely nodulated by very specific fast-growing strains. Group II plants are nodulated by slow-growing strains similar to promiscuous Bradyrhizobium spp. strains already reported to nodulate many tropical legumes. SDS–PAGE studies showed that slow-growing strains grouped with Bradyrhizobium while fast-growing strains constituted a homogeneous group distinct from all known rhizobia. Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) of 10 representative strains of this group using four restriction enzymes showed a single pattern for each enzyme confirming the high homogeneity of group I. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that this specific group belonged to the genus Methylobacterium, thus constituting a new branch of nodulating bacteria.Key words: Crotalaria, Methylobacterium, rhizobium, symbiosis.

scholarly journals CBCT EVALUATION OF PERICERVICAL DENTIN THICKNESS AFTER COMPLETION OF BIOMECHANICAL PREPARATION WITH FIFTH GENERATION ROTARY FILES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chutty Issac ◽  
Kusum Valli S ◽  
Shiraz Pasha
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Mandibular Molars ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Root Canal Instrumentation ◽  
Dentin Thickness

Aim and objectives: The purpose of this invitro study was to determine the effect of biomechanical preparation by fifth generation rotary files on the pericervical dentin thickness in mandibular molars. Methods: 30 human mandibular molars with fully formed apices were used for this study. Preoperative CBCT scans were made for each sample and PCD thickness was measured. The teeth were divided into 3 groups of 10 teeth each. Group 1: One Shape Group 2: Protaper Next Group 3: Revo S Root Canal Preparation was done for all the specimens in each group. Post instrumentation CBCT scans were made for each sample and PCD was measured. Results: There was significant loss of PCD following root canal instrumentation with fifth generation rotary files. Highest remaining pericervical dentin thickness was found in Group III (Revo S), followed by Group I(One Shape) and Group II(Protaper Next). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that there was significant loss of  pericervical dentin following root canal instrumentation using fifth generation rotary files. Among the three groups, Revo S showed least amount of dentin removal followed by One Shape and Protaper Next. Keywords: Biomechanical preparation, fifth generation rotary files, pericervical dentin

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