scholarly journals Effects of Pecan Bacterial Leaf Scorch on Growth and Yield Components of Cultivar Cape Fear

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Sanderlin ◽  
K. I. Heyderich-Alger
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Scorch

Pecan bacterial leaf scorch (PBLS) recently was recognized to be caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. The objective of this work was to compare certain tree growth and yield components of trees with and without PBLS. The evaluations were made for 3 years (1999 to 2001) on the disease-sensitive cv. Cape Fear. At nut maturity (October) each year, the number of leaves and leaflets and the leaflet weight were significantly smaller on terminals from trees with leaf scorch than on terminals from trees not infected with X. fastidiosa. Similar amounts of defoliation occurred on bearing and nonbearing terminals. The symptomatic terminals averaged 58% fewer leaflets at the end of the growing season. The weight of terminals from diseased trees was significantly lower in 2 of the 3 years for nonbearing terminals compared with similar terminals from uninfected trees. Terminals of infected trees generally were not significantly shorter than terminals of uninfected trees. The weight of the nuts from terminals with leaf scorch was lower than the weight from uninfected trees each year. The primary effect was on kernel development, which averaged 16% lower weight. Phosphorus concentration was slightly but significantly lower in infected leaflets during October in three of six comparisons. There were no other consistent differences in the concentration of nine other elements in leaflets between diseased and uninfected terminals. PBLS is capable of causing economically significant yield reductions. Because the disease is chronic, the potential yield reduction over the life of a tree is large on disease-sensitive trees.

Pecan Bacterial Leaf Scorch, Caused by Xylella fastidiosa, Is Endemic in Georgia Pecan Orchards

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive H. Bock ◽  
Jonathan E. Oliver ◽  
Chunxian Chen ◽  
Michael H. Hotchkiss ◽  
Katherine L. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Central Production ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Scorch

Pecan bacterial leaf scorch (PBLS), caused by Xylella fastidiosa, can cause severe disease in some pecan cultivars, resulting in yield loss. Only recently has some information been obtained regarding the distribution and extent of the disease in pecan in any state in the United States. With emphasis on a susceptible cultivar, Cape Fear, we sampled a total of 91 trees in eight orchards from the southwestern and central production areas in Georgia (GA) and found 60.4% of trees sampled infected, most showing symptoms of PBLS. Further multilocus sequence typing from 16 of these trees confirmed presence X. fastidiosa. The results confirm that X. fastidiosa is widespread geographically in GA, and different cultivars may be infected. This is the first definitive report confirming X. fastidiosa causing PBLS in different pecan producing areas and cultivars in GA.

scholarly journals The EFFICACY OF DUAL GOLD (S-METOLACHLOR) ON WEED BIOMASS (g m-2) AND ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SUGAR BEET (BETA VULGARIS L.) CV. CALIFORNIA-KWS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-504
Author(s):  
Imran Khan ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Malik Muhammad Hashim ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Jilani ◽  
Mohammad Safdar Baloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Weed infestation is a major problem and matter of concern as it reduces yield as well as quality of many crops including sugar beet. Manual weeding is very tedious, costly, time consuming and most probably non-availability of trained and skillful labor is another issue. Keeping in view these facts, an experiment was performed to evaluate the efficacy of dual gold on the weed biomass (gm-2) and on the growth and yield components of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cv. California-KWS during 2013-14 and 2014-15. The study was performed using RCBD having five treatments and three replications. The treatments included different application times (pre-emergence application and application after 15, 30 and 45 days after emergence) of dual gold (s-Metolachlor) and a control (weedy check). Data were recorded on fresh and dry weed biomasses (g m-2), number of leaves plant-1, leaf area plant-1 (cm2), leaf and root weights plant-1 (g), sucrose%, TSS%, root and sugar yields (t ha-1). The results showed significant variation among the treatments for all parameters during both years of study. Among the treatments the dual gold (s-Metolachlor) applied as pre-emergence reduced weed fresh and dry biomasses (g m-2) and also enhanced number of leaves plant-1, leaf area (cm2), leaf and root weight plant-1, sucrose%, TSS%, root and sugar yields (t ha-1) during both years. Hence it is concluded that dual gold (s-Metolachlor) applied as pre-emergence is best for eradicating weeds at early stages of growth and hence improving yield and quality of sugar beet under Dera Ismail Khan Conditions.

scholarly journals Impacts of Vaccinium arboreum Rootstocks on Vegetative Growth and Yield in Two Southern Highbush Blueberry Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Darnell ◽  
Jeffrey G. Williamson ◽  
Deanna C. Bayo ◽  
Philip F. Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Pine Bark ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Vaccinium Arboreum ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Scorch

Vaccinium arboreum Marsh is a small tree adapted to low-organic matter soils and is one of the few ericaceous species that tolerates soil pH greater than 6.0. It has a deep root system and is more drought tolerant than cultivated blueberry. The use of V. arboreum as a rootstock for commercial blueberry production has been studied previously in young blueberry plantings. The objective of the current study was to expand on earlier work and evaluate growth, productivity, and tolerance to bacterial leaf scorch (Xylella fastidiosa) in established plantings of own-rooted vs. grafted southern highbush blueberry (SHB). Two field plantings of grafted and own-rooted ‘Meadowlark’ and ‘Farthing’ SHB were established in May 2011: one at the University of Florida–Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF-IFAS) Plant Science Research and Education Unit in Citra, FL, and the other at a commercial blueberry farm in Archer, FL. At both sites, four rootstock–scion combinations were grown in either pine bark-amended or nonamended soil. Canopy volume was greater in grafted compared with own-rooted ‘Meadowlark’ at both locations throughout the 4 years of the study (2015–18), whereas canopy volume in ‘Farthing’ was not consistently different. For both cultivars and both locations, canopy volume was greater on amended compared with nonamended soil. Although canopy growth was not consistently increased in the grafted compared with own-rooted plants, yield was greater in grafted plants of both cultivars at both locations. Cumulative yield over the 4 years was similar between grafted plants grown on both amended and nonamended soil, and was significantly greater than yield of own-rooted plants on nonamended soil, suggesting the use of this rootstock may decrease the requirement for pine bark amendment. In general, grafted plants produced larger berries, with no negative impacts on fruit soluble solids, titratable acidity, or firmness. ‘Meadowlark’—an SHB cultivar that exhibits high sensitivity to bacterial leaf scorch—displayed decreased development of bacterial leaf scorch symptoms when grafted onto V. arboreum compared with own-rooted plants. These results indicate the potential benefits of grafting SHB onto V. arboreum rootstock, particularly under marginal soil conditions. However, a complete economic analysis that also takes into account any differences in longevity between the two systems must be done to determine whether the benefits of using grafting are feasible financially for the grower.

scholarly journals Growth and yield responses of BARI Gom-26 (Triticum aestivum L.) to naphthalene acetic acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Nargis Jahan ◽  
AMM Golam Adam
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Yield Responses

The effect of various concentrations of NAA (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg/l) on the growth and yield components of BARI Gom-26 was investigated. Data recorded on plant height, number of tillers per plant and number of leaves per plant showed negative performance in most cases with a few exceptions (7 and 14 DAS due to 25 and 50 mg/l NAA). The 50 mg/l NAA produced the highest total dry matter (TDM) at all the stages of growth except at 21 and 28 DAS and significant variations were observed at 7 DAS. Length of spike, grains per spike and 1000- seed weight increased following all the rates of NAA applications. Number of effective tillers and maximum yield (g/plant and t/ha) increased significantly only due to application of 50 mg/l NAA and the increases were 9.09 and 12.24% higher over the control, respectively. Non-effective tillers per plant decreased with all concentrations of NAA application and the maximum decrease (60.20%) was recorded with 50 mg/l NAA. Non-significant highest harvest index was also recorded with 50 mg/l followed by 100 mg/l NAA application. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 22(2): 119-125, 2013 (July)

scholarly journals The influence of microbial inoculums on yield and yield components of rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zvezda Bogevska ◽  
Olga Najdenovska ◽  
Marina Stojanova ◽  
Monika Stojanova ◽  
Dejan Ristikj
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The use of microbial inoculums can improve growth and yield of plants without use of agrochemicals which can result in obtaining quality food. Rocket is widely grown for spice and salad in the areas of Mediterranean Sea. Having in mind the importance of rocket in human diet the research was carried out in rocket grown in unheated protected houses. The experiment included four variants as follows: variant 1 control – untreated variant; variant 2 – treated with application of inoculum from the product Uniker into the soil before the sowing of the rocket; variant 3 – treated with application of inoculum from two different products Uniker and Slavol S before sowing of the seeds, whereby Slavol S was applied by immersion of the seeds for five minutes before sowing, and Uniker was applied in the soil before the sowing of the rocket; variant 4 – treated with foliar application of live cells of bacteria Azotobacter sp. (10-6 cfu/ml) every fifteen days during vegetation. During the vegetation total yield (t/ha) and yield components were measured. The results showed that the highest average yield (22,30 t / ha) was achieved by variant 4. Also the highest average value for the weight of the whole plant (4,22 g), root weight (0,50 g), rosette weight (3,73 g) and leaves weight (2,50 g) was obtained by variant 4. The highest average value for the number of leaves was measured in variant 3 (6,13) while the root length was highest in control variant (116,70 mm).

scholarly journals Leaf Scorch Epidemics Reduce Vegetative Growth and Fruit Yield of `Kent' Strawberry

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Mutisya ◽  
J.A. Sullivan ◽  
S. Couling ◽  
J.C. Sutton ◽  
J. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Linear Relationships

The relationship between severity of leaf scorch epidemics, caused by Diplocarpon earlianum, and components of vegetative growth and fruit yield was examined in `Kent' strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.). Plants were treated in July with six densities of initial inoculum of the pathogen, and severity of leaf scorch was assessed at 2-week intervals from late July to late October. After an analysis of vegetative growth in late October, plants were overwintered in the field or grown in a greenhouse, and later assessed for yield components. Relationships between area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and plant growth and yield components were examined by regression analysis. Significant negative linear relationships were found between AUDPC values and number of green leaves, leaf area, leaf dry weight, crown number, crown dry mass, and root dry weight. Significant negative relationships were also found between AUDPC values and number of flowers and inflorescences, and total and marketable berries in the subsequent season, in plants maintained in the field or in the greenhouse. Mean berry weight was not significantly affected. Reduction in the number of crowns in plants affected by leaf scorch was a major factor limiting the yield of diseased plants. In an analysis of regrowth at seven weeks after fruit harvest, a significant negative linear relationships was found between AUDPC values and each growth component except crown dry weight. Collectively, the data provide a rationale to optimize timing of treatments, such as chemical fungicides or microbial agents, to control leaf scorch in August, September and October and thereby promote berry yield in the subsequent season.

scholarly journals A multi-model analysis of change in potential yield of major crops in China under climate change

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yin ◽  
Q. Tang ◽  
X. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Crop Models

Abstract. Climate change may affect crop growth and yield, which consequently casts a shadow of doubt over China's food self-sufficiency efforts. In this study, we used the projections derived from four global gridded crop models (GGCropMs) to assess the effects of future climate change on the yields of the major crops (i.e., maize, rice, soybean and wheat) in China. The GGCropMs were forced with the bias-corrected climate data from five global climate models (GCMs) under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5, which were made available through the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP). The results show that the potential yields of the crops would decrease in the 21st century without carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization effect. With the CO2 effect, the potential yields of rice and soybean would increase, while the potential yields of maize and wheat would decrease. The uncertainty in yields resulting from the GGCropMs is larger than the uncertainty derived from GCMs in the greater part of China. Climate change may benefit rice and soybean yields in high-altitude and cold regions which are not in the current main agricultural area. However, the potential yields of maize, soybean and wheat may decrease in the major food production area. Development of new agronomic management strategies may be useful for coping with climate change in the areas with a high risk of yield reduction.

scholarly journals Hop Stunt Viroid: Effects on Vegetative Growth and Yield of Hop Cultivars, and Its Distribution in Central Washington State

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Kappagantu ◽  
Mark E. Nelson ◽  
Jeff M. Bullock ◽  
Stephen T. Kenny ◽  
Kenneth C. Eastwell
Keyword(s):  
Washington State ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Stunt Viroid ◽  
Hop Stunt Viroid ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Parallel Pattern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Open Access Article

Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) is an economically important pathogen that reduces growth and yield of hops. Visual symptoms of infected hop are highly dependent on cultivar. A study was conducted using six cultivars of hop to determine the impact on yield. Average dry cone yields of infected ‘Glacier’, ‘Cascade’, and ‘Willamette’ were reduced by 62, 14, and 34%, respectively, relative to noninoculated healthy plants. No significant yield reduction was observed for ‘Nugget’, ‘Columbus’, and ‘Galena’. The α-acid and β-acid contents showed a parallel pattern. Horticultural parameters of Willamette and Nugget were measured in the final year of the study. Internode length, shoot length, and side-arm length were reduced by 29, 26, and 73%, respectively, for infected Willamette bines relative to noninfected bines; no effects were observed resulting from infection of Nugget. To understand the current potential impact of HSVd, a survey was conducted to determine its distribution in central Washington. The survey revealed that 17% of hop plants tested are infected. Hop yield and hop plant longevity will be significantly affected by this level of infection. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals Effect of seasonal and environmental variation on yield and yield components of hybrid Maize

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
MK Islam ◽  
MS Mahfuz ◽  
MAI Sarker ◽  
S Ghosh ◽  
ASMY Ali
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Hybrid Maize

The experiment was conducted during kharif II in 2006 & 07, rabi in 2006-07 & 07-08 and kharif I in 2007 and 2008 at ARS, Burirhat, Rangpur in RCB design to understand the influence of season and location specific environment effect on growth and yield of hybrid maize and selected suitable variety(s). Four hybrid maize varieties V1=BARI hybrid Maize (BHM)-2, V2=BHM-3, V3= BHM-5 and V4= Pacific-984 (as check) were tested during kharif II in 2006 while seven varieties V1= BHM-2, V2= BHM-3, V3= BHM-5 and V4= Pacific-984, V5= Pacific-60, V6= Pacific-11 and V7= Prolin were during the other seasons except rabi, 07- 08, where variety Pacific-555 was used in V7 instead of Prolin. Seeds were sown on August 30 and August 11 for kharif II of 2006 and 2007, respectively, November 28 and 17 for rabi 2006-2007 and 2007-08 and March 08 and 12 for for kharif I 2007 and 2008. The crops were harvested on January 25, 2007 and January 12, 2008 in the two consecutive kharif II seasons; May 10 and April 29 in rabi 2006-07 and 2007-08, and July 01 and 05 in kharif I 2007 and 2008, respectively. Yield parameters were mostly varied significantly. The highest yield was obtained from BHM-5 (9.03 t ha-1), which was followed by Pacific-984 (8.89 t ha-1), BHM-3 (8.81 t ha-1) and BHM-2 (8.58 t ha-1) in kharif II, 2006 while in kharif II, 2007 the highest significant yield was noted in Pacific-984 (9.22 t ha-1). In rabi, 2006-07, significant highest grain yield was obtained from Pacific-60 (11.03 t ha-1), which was statistically identical with Prolin (10.20 t ha-1). The yield of Prolin was also statistically identical with Pacific-11 (10.01 t ha-1), BHM-5 (10.00 t ha-1), BHM-3 (9.92 t ha-1) and BHM-2 (9.51 t ha-1). Comparatively lower temperature during ear initiation (mean 29.6°C in rabi and 31°C in kharif II) and silking (mean 18.2°C in rabi and 20.2°C in kharif II) contributed much for higher trend of yield in rabi over kharif. In kharif I, 2007, the highest yield (9.55 t ha-1) was recorded from Pacific-60, which was identical to Pacific-984 (9.25 t ha-1), BHM-5 (9.11 t ha-1) and BHM-3 (8.89 t ha-1). All the BARI hybrid maize varieties were suitable to grown in kharif I, kharif II and rabi season although BHM-3, BHM-5, Pacific-60 and Pacific-984 were better in Kharif I and Pacific-60, BHM-5, Prolin and Pacific-555 were found better in Rabi season. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i2.22635 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (2): 1-5, December, 2014

GROWTH AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogea L.) VARIETIES AS INFLUENCED BY PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION IN SUDAN SAVANNA OF NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
K. M. Ladan ◽  
J. Suleiman ◽  
A. Sani
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Field trials were conducted at Teaching and Research Farm of Federal University, Dutsina, Katsina State and Institute for Agricultural Research Station, IAR, Minjibir Kano State during 2019 wet season. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth, Yield and Yield Components of Groundnut varieties as influenced by phosphorus fertilization in Sudan Savannah of Nigeria. The treatments consisted of three Groundnut varieties (SAMNUT 23 and SAMNUT 24 and SAMNUT 25) and four phosphorus fertilizer rates (0kg P/ha, 20kg P/ha, 30kg P/ha and 40kg P/ha), laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results indicated that SAMNUT 23 had performed significantly (P≤0.05)  better  than SAMNUT 24 and SAMNUT 25 in terms of plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, pod weight kg/plot, 100 seed weight and grain yield kg/ha at both locations while 40kg  P/ha significantly (P≤0.05)  outperformed 30kg  P/ha, 20kg  P/ha and 0kg  P/ha in terms of plant height, number of leaves, number of pods per plant, pod weight kg/plot, 100 seed weight and grain yield kg/ha at both locations . the study identified SAMNUT 23 and 40 kg P/ha to be the best option for increased groundnut production in the study area

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