Evaluation of Biological and Chemical Pruning Wound Protectants to Control Grapevine Trunk Diseases Pathogens Eutypa lata and Neofusicoccum parvum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Blundell ◽  
Akif Eskalen
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Pruning Wound ◽  
Wound Protection ◽  
Trunk Diseases

Grapevine trunk diseases, caused by many different fungal pathogens, are one of the most economically important diseases affecting the grapevine industry worldwide. Pruning wounds are the main point of entry for these fungal pathogens and thus, disease control is focused on preventative pruning wound protection by chemical products and/or biological control agents (BCAs). In this study we evaluated a broad variety of already registered or at the experimental stage of chemical and BCAs in greenhouse and in field trials for the protection of table- and wine-grape vines against infection of Eutypa lata and Neofusicoccum parvum, major pathogens responsible for Eutypa and Botryosphaeria dieback, respectively. Our study showed that Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma gamsii consistently provided pruning wound protection in greenhouse and field trials, with a mean percent disease control (MPDC) of 88% and 100% for E. lata and N. parvum, respectively, when compared to the water treated-inoculated positive control (P<0.05). The chemical protectants, thiophanate-methyl + myclobutanil and fluopyram and trifloxystrobin were also able to effectively protect wounds with a MPDC of up to 86% when compared to the water treated-inoculated positive control (P<0.05). When biological treatments were evaluated for recovery from treated canes at the end of the growing season, Trichoderma-based treatments had a rate of recovery between 0 and 100%, Aureobasidium-based treatments had a recovery rate between 25 and 100%, and Bacillus-based treatments had a recovery rate between 0 and 25%.

scholarly journals Biological and chemical pruning wound protectants reduce infection of grapevine trunk disease pathogens

2022 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Robert Blundell ◽  
Akif Eskalen
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Pruning Wound ◽  
Simultaneous Control ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Precipitation Events

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are currently considered some of the most important challenges for viticulture, curtailing vineyard longevity and productivity in nearly every raisin, table and wine grape production region in California and worldwide. Pruning wounds provide the main entry point for fungal pathogens responsible for these diseases; pathogens enter the wounds following precipitation events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of selected chemical and experimental biological fungicides for protection of pruning wounds against two of the most common and virulent fungal pathogens causing GTDs: Eutypa lata and Neofusicoccum parvum. This study was conducted on sauvignon blanc at the UC Davis Department of Plant Pathology Field Station. Results showed that several chemical and biological fungicides, notably the chemical fungicide Luna Sensation, the biofungicide Vintec and a combination of the biofungicides Bio-Tam and CrabLife Powder, provided significant protection against at least one of the two canker pathogens used in this study. However, the majority of products tested did not provide simultaneous control of both E. lata and N. parvum pathogens, highlighting the continuing challenge of controlling GTDs.

scholarly journals Pruning Wound Protection Strategies for Simultaneous Control of Eutypa and Botryosphaeria Dieback in New Zealand

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Sosnowski ◽  
Dion C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Pruning Wound ◽  
Wound Protection ◽  
Simultaneous Control ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Neofusicoccum Luteum

The grapevine trunk diseases Eutypa and Botryosphaeria dieback threaten the sustainability of vineyards worldwide. This study aimed to develop practical and efficient wound protection strategies, which will lead to widespread adoption of preventative control for these diseases and increased longevity of vineyards. Five fungicides (tebuconazole, carbendazim, fluazinam, mancozeb, and flusilazole) were evaluated for efficacy against Eutypa lata and Neofusicoccum luteum infection on pruning wounds of ‘Sauvignon blanc’ in a New Zealand vineyard. All five fungicides controlled infection by both pathogens to varying degrees, with mean percent disease control of 70 to 90% for E. lata and 33 to 93% for N. luteum. This has led to the first known registration of a fungicide, fluazinam (Gem), for simultaneous control of both Eutypa and Botryosphaeria dieback. Furthermore, application of carbendazim with tractor-driven sprayers provided similar control of E. lata and N. luteum to that when applied by hand with a paintbrush. This constitutes the first report of Botryosphaeria dieback control with fungicides applied with tractor-driven sprayers.

Evaluation of pruning wound protection products for the management of almond canker diseases in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Amanda Holland ◽  
Renaud Travadon ◽  
Daniel P. Lawrence ◽  
Mohamed Taieb Nouri ◽  
Florent P Trouillas
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Pruning Wound ◽  
Wound Protection ◽  
Canker Pathogens

Almond trunk and branch canker diseases constitute a major cause of tree mortality in California. Numerous fungal pathogens have been associated with these canker diseases and pruning wounds act as major infection courts. Prior to this study, there were no products registered in California for the management of these diseases. In this study, fungicidal products including synthetic chemistries, biocontrols, paint and a sealant were evaluated for preventing fungal pathogen infection via pruning wounds. In four field trials conducted over two dormant seasons, sixteen pruning wound treatments were tested using hand-held spray applications, against five almond canker pathogens, namely Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum parvum, Cytospora sorbicola, Ceratocystis destructans, and Eutypa lata. The fungicide thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M) provided 82% overall disease prevention against four fungal pathogens. The biological control agent, Trichoderma atroviride SC1 (Vintec), tested at three application rates, resulted in 90 to 93% protection of pruning wounds in field trials, and for individual pathogens ranged from 81-100% protection for the three rates. At the time of this publication, Vintec is being considered for registration as a biological control product for the prevention of almond canker diseases, while Topsin M is recommended to growers for the prevention of almond canker diseases. This research indicates that effective protection of pruning wounds from infection by almond canker pathogens can be achieved with a one-time spray application of thiophanate-methyl or the biocontrol, T. atroviride SC1 (recommended 2 g/liter) after pruning.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Natural Antifungal Compounds in Controlling Infection by Grapevine Trunk Disease Pathogens through Pruning Wounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (18) ◽  
pp. 6474-6483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Cobos ◽  
Rosa María Mateos ◽  
José Manuel Álvarez-Pérez ◽  
Miguel Angel Olego ◽  
Silvia Sevillano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Trunk Diseases

ABSTRACTGrapevine trunk fungal pathogens, such asDiplodia seriataandPhaeomoniella chlamydospora, can infect plants through pruning wounds. They cause grapevine trunk diseases and are involved in grapevine decline. Accordingly, the protection of pruning wounds is crucial for the management of grapevine trunk diseases. The efficacy of different natural antifungals in inhibiting the growth of several fungi causing grapevine trunk diseases was evaluatedin vitro. The fungi showing greaterin vitroefficacy were tested on autoclaved grape wood assays againstD. seriataandP. chlamydospora. Based on results from these assays, chitosan oligosaccharide, vanillin, and garlic extract were selected for further evaluation on pruning wounds inoculated withD. seriataandP. chlamydosporain field trials. A significant decrease in plant mortality was observed after 2 years of growth in the plants treated with the different natural antifungals compared to the mortality rate observed in infected plants that were not treated with antifungals. Also, the infection rate for the inoculated pathogens was significantly reduced in plants treated with the selected natural antifungals. Therefore, natural antifungals represent a promising alternative for disease control and could provide significant economic benefits for the grape-growing industry.

scholarly journals Combining an HA + Cu (II) Site-Targeted Copper-Based Product with a Pruning Wound Protection Program to Prevent Infection with Lasiodiplodia spp. in Grapevine

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2376
Author(s):  
Pedro Reis ◽  
Ana Gaspar ◽  
Artur Alves ◽  
Florence Fontaine ◽  
Cecília Rego
Keyword(s):  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Pruning Wound ◽  
Wound Protection ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fungistatic Effect

The genus Lasiodiplodia has been reported from several grape growing regions and is considered as one of the fastest wood colonizers, causing Botryosphaeria dieback. The aim of this study was to (i) evaluate the efficacy of Esquive®, a biocontrol agent, on vineyard pruning wound protection, applied single or, in a combined protection strategy with a new site-targeted copper-based treatment (LC2017), and (ii) compare their efficacy with chemical protection provided by the commercially available product, Tessior®. For two seasons, protectants were applied onto pruning wounds, while LC2017 was applied throughout the season according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Pruning wounds of two different cultivars were inoculated with three isolates of Lasiodiplodia spp. Efficacy of the wound protectants, varied between both years of the assay and according to the cultivar studied but were able to control the pathogen to some extent. The application of LC2017 did not show clear evidence of improving the control obtained by the sole application of the other products tested. Nevertheless, LC2017 showed a fungistatic effect against Lasiodiplodia spp., in vitro, and has previously shown an elicitor effect against grapevine trunk diseases. Therefore, this combination of two protection strategies may constitute a promising long-term approach to mitigate the impact of Botryosphaeria dieback.

scholarly journals Seasonal Susceptibility of Grapevine Pruning Wounds and Cane Colonization in Catalonia, Spain Following Artificial Infection with Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 1651-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Elena ◽  
Jordi Luque
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Diplodia Seriata ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Pruning Wound ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Made In

Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora are two fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the period during which grapevine pruning wounds remain susceptible to fungal infection and to describe the colonization of canes artificially inoculated with these pathogens. In the first experiment, pruning wounds made in either fall or winter were separately inoculated with each pathogen at different times after pruning. Wound susceptibility to both pathogens decreased as the period between pruning and inoculation increased, from high percentages recorded in the first inoculation round (D. seriata, 97.5% and P. chlamydospora, 75%) down to approximately 10% 12 weeks after pruning. Pruning wounds remained more susceptible to D. seriata after a late pruning in winter whereas no overall seasonal changes in wound susceptibility were detected for P. chlamydospora. In the second experiment, canes were pruned by leaving two different lengths between the top node and the pruning wound before inoculations. Pathogens were recovered at different incubation periods and from different sites along the canes to estimate fungal cane colonization. A longer pruned internode made cane colonization by P. chlamydospora difficult, as indicated by fungal recoveries lower than 10% at the lowest recovery site, whereas D. seriata was less inhibited.

scholarly journals Production of Phytotoxic Metabolites by Botryosphaeriaceae in Naturally Infected and Artificially Inoculated Grapevines

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Reveglia ◽  
Regina Billones-Baaijens ◽  
Jennifer Millera Millera Niem ◽  
Marco Masi ◽  
Alessio Cimmino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Diplodia Seriata ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pathogen Dna

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are considered a serious problem to viticulture worldwide. Several GTD fungal pathogens produce phytotoxic metabolites (PMs) that were hypothesized to migrate to the foliage where they cause distinct symptoms. The role of PMs in the expression of Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) symptoms in naturally infected and artificially inoculated wood using molecular and analytical chemistry techniques was investigated. Wood samples from field vines naturally infected with BD and one-year-old vines inoculated with Diplodia seriata, Spencermartinsia viticola and Dothiorella vidmadera were analysed by cultural isolations, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and targeted LC-MS/MS to detect three PMs: (R)-mellein, protocatechuic acid and spencertoxin. (R)-mellein was detected in symptomatic naturally infected wood and vines artificially inoculated with D. seriata but was absent in all non-symptomatic wood. The amount of (R)-mellein detected was correlated with the amount of pathogen DNA detected by qPCR. Protocatechuic acid and spencertoxin were absent in all inoculated wood samples. (R)-mellein may be produced by the pathogen during infection to break down the wood, however it was not translocated into other parts of the vine. The foliar symptoms previously reported in vineyards may be due to a combination of PMs produced and climatic and physiological factors that require further investigation.

scholarly journals Characterization of Botryosphaeriaceae Species as Causal Agents of Trunk Diseases on Grapevines

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1678-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Carlucci ◽  
Francesca Cibelli ◽  
Francesco Lops ◽  
Maria Luisa Raimondo
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

Botryosphaeriaceae spp. have a cosmopolitan distribution and a wide range of plant hosts. Over the last 15 years, worldwide, 21 species of this family have been associated with grapevine trunk diseases that cause cankers and dieback on grapevines. Here, we surveyed vineyards of Vitis vinifera ‘Lambrusco’, ‘Sangiovese’, and ‘Montepulciano’ in three areas of the Foggia province (Cerignola, Foggia, and San Severo) in southern Italy. Wood samples from grapevines showing general decline, dieback, cankers, and wood and foliar discoloration yielded 344 fungal isolates identified as Botryosphaeriaceae spp. A phylogenetic study combining internal transcribed spacer and translation elongation factor 1-α sequences of 60 representative isolates identified nine botryosphaeriaceous species: Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia corticola, D. mutila, D. seriata, Dothiorella iberica, Do. sarmentorum, Lasiodiplodia citricola, L. theobromae, and Neofusicoccum parvum. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that all nine species cause canker and dieback of grapevines. However, this is the first report of L. citricola as causal agent of wood cankers and dieback of grapevine. To date, including L. citricola, there are 25 botryosphaeriaceous species associated with V. vinifera worldwide, of which 12 have been reported for grapevines in Italy.

scholarly journals First Report of Neofusicoccum parvum Associated with Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Croatia

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1656-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kaliternam ◽  
T. Milicevic ◽  
D. Bencic ◽  
B. Duralija
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽  
First Report ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Trunk Diseases

In September 2010, during survey of diseased grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in vineyards at localities Zmajevac (BZ), Orahovica (SO), Cilipi (KC), and Novalja (PN), symptoms characteristic of grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) (3) were observed, showing on cross-sectioned cordons and trunks as brown, wedge-shaped perennial cankers and/or dark streaking of the wood. In Croatia, these symptoms were traditionally associated with Eutypa Tul. & C.Tul. and with fungi from Diaporthaceae (2). From affected grapevines (cvs. Grasevina, Pinot bijeli, Malvazija dubrovacka, and Gegic), samples of symptomatic cordons and trunks were collected (n ≥ 35). To isolate the causal agents from the samples, woodchips of symptomatic tissue, surface-sterilized in 2% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min, were placed on potato dextrose agar amended with streptomycin sulphate (50 μg/ml) and incubated for 7 days at 25°C in darkness. A percentage of samples (72, 15, 27, and 54% from BZ, SO, KC, and PN, respectively) yielded fungal colonies with abundant aerial mycelium, initially white, but turning olivaceous grey after 5 days. From these colonies, monohyphal isolates were obtained and pycnidial formation stimulated by cultivation on 2% water agar with stems of plant species Foeniculum vulgare Mill. at 25°C under diffuse light for 3 weeks. Pycnidia contained conidia that were hyaline, unicellular, ellipsoid with round apices and truncated bases, and thin walled with smooth surface. Dimensions of conidia (n ≥ 50) were (12.8) 15.3 ± 1.4 (17.6) × (5.4) 6.3 ± 0.8 (7.6) μm, with length/width ratio (2.0) 2.5 ± 0.5 (3.2). Based on morphological data, species Neofusicoccum parvum (Pennycook & Samuels) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips was suspected (1). For molecular identification, isolates BZ330, SO334, KC342, and PN121 were used for PCR to amplify internal transcribed spacer region and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene, using primers ITS5/ITS4 and EF1-728F/EF1-986R, respectively. Obtained sequences were shown to be identical between the four isolates (GenBank: KF296318, KF296319) and when compared with sequences for reference N. parvum isolate CMW9080 (AY236942, AY236887) they showed >99% homology, confirming the isolates as species N. parvum. Pathogenicity tests were done by inoculation of detached green shoots (GS) and lignified canes (LC) (n = 5) of grapevine cv. Skrlet by either mycelial plugs of the same four isolates, or sterile agar plugs for the controls. Inoculated GS were kept in flasks with sterile water in a glasshouse for 10 days, and LC in humid dark chambers for 30 days, at 25°C. Resulting vascular necrosis measured 62 to 81 mm (GS) and 215 to 246 mm (LC), but was absent on controls. Koch's postulates were satisfied by successful reisolation of N. parvum only from plants inoculated with mycelial plugs. N. parvum has been recognized as a serious grapevine pathogen, causing similar symptoms worldwide (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. parvum associated with GTD in Croatia, and due to its relatively high incidence at surveyed localities, it could present considerable threat, particularly for neighboring vine growing regions. Diplodia seriata De Not., a weak pathogen (3), was also identified from a percentage of samples in this survey. References: (1) P. W. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 55:235, 2006. (2) J. Kaliterna et al. Arh. Hig. Rada Toksikol. 63:471, 2012. (3) J. R. Urbez-Torres. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 50(Suppl.):S5, 2011.

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