Diagnostic Guide: Wheat Soil-Borne Mosaic

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan R. Kroese ◽  
Sudeep Bag ◽  
Ken E. Frost ◽  
Tim D. Murray ◽  
Christina H. Hagerty
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Polymyxa Graminis ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Important Host

Wheat soil-borne mosaic is caused by the rod-shaped Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV), which is in the genus Furovirus. SBWMV is vectored by Polymyxa graminis. Economic hosts of SBWMV include wheat, barley, and rye. Winter wheat is the most economically important host; spring wheat infections are possible but rare owing to unfavorable soil temperatures slowing virus replication. Yield loss owing to SBWMV infection is variable among season and geographic location.

scholarly journals Towards plant resistance to viruses using protein-only RNase P

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Gobert ◽  
Yifat Quan ◽  
Mathilde Arrivé ◽  
Florent Waltz ◽  
Nathalie Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Rnase P ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistance To Viruses ◽  
Target Plant

AbstractPlant viruses cause massive crop yield loss worldwide. Most plant viruses are RNA viruses, many of which contain a functional tRNA-like structure. RNase P has the enzymatic activity to catalyze the 5′ maturation of precursor tRNAs. It is also able to cleave tRNA-like structures. However, RNase P enzymes only accumulate in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts rather than cytosol where virus replication takes place. Here, we report a biotechnology strategy based on the re-localization of plant protein-only RNase P to the cytosol (CytoRP) to target plant viruses tRNA-like structures and thus hamper virus replication. We demonstrate the cytosol localization of protein-only RNase P in Arabidopsis protoplasts. In addition, we provide in vitro evidences for CytoRP to cleave turnip yellow mosaic virus and oilseed rape mosaic virus. However, we observe varied in vivo results. The possible reasons have been discussed. Overall, the results provided here show the potential of using CytoRP for combating some plant viral diseases.

Detection and relative quantitation of Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) and Polymyxa graminis in winter wheat using real-time PCR (TaqMan®)

2004 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Ratti ◽  
Giles Budge ◽  
Lisa Ward ◽  
Gerard Clover ◽  
Concepcion Rubies-Autonell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Polymyxa Graminis ◽  
Relative Quantitation

Reactions of winter wheat, spring wheat, and barley cultivars to mechanical inoculation with wheat streak mosaic virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta McKelvy ◽  
Monica Brelsford ◽  
Jamie Sherman ◽  
Mary Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) causes sporadic epidemics in Montana which can threaten profitability of the state’s small grains production. One challenge for WSMV management in Montana is that most commercially available wheat and barley cultivars are susceptible to WSMV or their performance under WSMV pressure is unknown. In a three-year field study from 2017 to 2019 winter wheat, spring wheat, and barley cultivars were evaluated for their susceptibility to WSMV and yield performance under WSMV pressure. Plants were mechanically inoculated and WSMV incidence was assessed using DAS-ELISA. There was effective resistance to WSMV in breeding line CO12D922, which had consistently low WSMV incidence, highlighting promising efforts in the development of WSMV-resistant winter wheat cultivars. Moderate WSMV incidence and minor yield losses were observed from WSMV infection of commercial winter wheat ‘Brawl CL Plus’ and MSU breeding line MTV1681. Spring wheat cultivars in this study had high WSMV incidence of up to 100 % in ‘Duclair,’ ‘Egan,’ and ‘McNeal.’ High WSMV incidence was associated with severe yield losses as high as 85 % for Duclair and ‘WB9879CL’ in 2019, demonstrating a high degree of susceptibility to WSMV inoculation. Barley cultivars had considerably lower WSMV incidence compared to spring and winter wheat. Grain yield response to WSMV inoculation was variable between barley cultivars. The study provided an experimental basis for cultivar recommendations for high WSMV pressure environments and identified breeding lines and cultivars with potential resistance traits of interest to breeding programs that aim to develop WSMV-resistant cultivars.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Hard Red Winter Wheat to Infection by Wheat streak mosaic virus

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam P. Pradhan ◽  
Qingwu Xue ◽  
Kirk E. Jessup ◽  
Baozhen Hao ◽  
Jacob A. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) causes significant yield loss in hard red winter wheat in the U.S. Southern High Plains. Despite the prevalence of this pathogen, little is known about the physiological response of wheat to WSMV infection. A 2-year study was initiated to (i) investigate the effect of WSMV, inoculated at different development stages, on shoot and root growth, water use, water use efficiency (WUE), and photosynthesis and (ii) understand the relationships between yield and photosynthetic parameters during WSMV infection. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted with two wheat cultivars mechanically inoculated with WSMV at different developmental stages, from three-leaf to booting. WSMV inoculated early, at three- to five-leaf stage, resulted in a significant reduction in shoot biomass, root dry weight, and yield compared with wheat infected at the jointing and booting stages. However, even when inoculated as late as jointing, WSMV still reduced grain yield by at least 53%. Reduced tillers, shoot biomass, root dry weight, water use, and WUE contributed to yield loss under WSMV infection. However, infection by WSMV did not affect rooting depth and the number of seminal roots but reduced the number of nodal roots. Leaf photosynthetic parameters (chlorophyll [SPAD], net photosynthetic rate [Pn], stomatal conductance [Gs], intercellular CO2 concentration [Ci], and transpiration rate [Tr]) were reduced when infected by WSMV, and early infection reduced parameters more than late infection. Photosynthetic parameters had a linear relationship with grain yield and shoot biomass. The reduced Pn under WSMV infection was mainly in response to decreased Gs, Ci, and SPAD. The results of this study indicated that leaf chlorophyll and gas exchange parameters can be used to quantify WSMV effects on biomass and grain yield in wheat.

scholarly journals Wheat and Barley Susceptibility and Tolerance to Multiple Isolates of Wheat streak mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1383-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Lehnhoff ◽  
Zachariah Miller ◽  
Fabian Menalled ◽  
Dai Ito ◽  
Mary Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Cultivar Screening

One of the greatest virus disease threats to wheat production in the Great Plains of the USA is Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). Breeding programs have developed wheat varieties that are resistant or tolerant to WSMV infection, but these characteristics are climate dependent, and may also vary by WSMV isolate. We tested 10 spring and nine winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties and two barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties for resistance and tolerance to one WSMV isolate over four years. In spring wheat and barley, there were year by cultivar interactions in terms of resistance and tolerance. However, in winter wheat, yield losses due to WSMV were relatively consistent across years and varieties. Additionally, we tested the impacts of three WSMV isolates individually and in a mixture on twelve, two, and twelve varieties of spring wheat, barley, and winter wheat, respectively. Resistance and tolerance varied by isolate and cultivar, but there were no isolate by cultivar interactions. For spring wheat and barley, yield impacts were greater for two of the three single isolates than for the isolate mixture, whereas in winter wheat, the isolate mixture caused greater yield losses than the individual isolates. Overall, the results indicate that resistance and tolerance phenotypes were influenced by environmental conditions and by WSMV isolate or combination of isolates, suggesting that cultivar screening should be conducted over multiple years and with multiple virus isolates.

scholarly journals Models for Predicting Potential Yield Loss of Wheat Caused by Stripe Rust in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sharma-Poudyal ◽  
X. M. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The U.S

Climatic variation in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) affects epidemics of wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Previous models only estimated disease severity at the flowering stage, which may not predict the actual yield loss. To identify weather factors correlated to stripe rust epidemics and develop models for predicting potential yield loss, correlation and regression analyses were conducted using weather parameters and historical yield loss data from 1993 to 2007 for winter wheat and 1995 to 2007 for spring wheat. Among 1,376 weather variables, 54 were correlated to yield loss of winter wheat and 18 to yield loss of spring wheat. Among the seasons, winter temperature variables were more highly correlated to wheat yield loss than the other seasons. The sum of daily temperatures and accumulated negative degree days of February were more highly correlated to winter wheat yield loss than the other monthly winter variables. In addition, the number of winter rainfall days was found correlated with yield loss. Six yield loss models were selected for each of winter and spring wheats based on their better correlation coefficients, time of weather data availability during the crop season, and better performance in validation tests. Compared with previous models, the new system of using a series of the selected models has advantages that should make it more suitable for forecasting and managing stripe rust in the major wheat growing areas in the U.S. PNW, where the weather conditions have become more favorable to stripe rust.

scholarly journals Soilborne Wheat Mosaic Virus Movement Protein and RNA and Wheat Spindle Streak Mosaic Virus Coat Protein Accumulate Inside Resting Spores of Their Vector, Polymyxa graminis

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 739-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Driskel ◽  
Phoebe Doss ◽  
Larry J. Littlefield ◽  
Nathan R. Walker ◽  
Jeanmarie Verchot-Lubicz
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Polymyxa Graminis ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Virus Coat ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

To study virus-vector interactions between Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) or Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV) and Polymyxa graminis Ledingham, P. graminis was propagated in plants grown hydroponically. P. graminis accumulated to high levels in several barley cultivars tested. Multiple developmental stages of P. graminis could be identified in infected barley roots. Accumulation of SBWMV and WSSMV inside P. graminis sporosori in the roots of soil-grown winter wheat and hydroponically grown barley was compared to determine if data obtained from plants naturally infected plants and plants infected by manual inoculation were similar. WSSMV coat protein (CP), SBWMV RNAs, SBWMV movement protein but not SBWMV CP were detected in both soil-grown winter wheat and hydroponically grown barley roots. These data are the first direct evidence that SBWMV and WSSMV are internalized by P. graminis.

scholarly journals Quantification of Yield Loss Caused by Triticum mosaic virus and Wheat streak mosaic virus in Winter Wheat Under Field Conditions

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Byamukama ◽  
S. N. Wegulo ◽  
S. Tatineni ◽  
G. L. Hein ◽  
R. A. Graybosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Spad Readings

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) and Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) infect winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Great Plains region of the United States. The two viruses are transmitted by wheat curl mites (Aceria tosichella), which also transmit High Plains virus. In a field study conducted in 2011 and 2012, winter wheat cultivars Millennium (WSMV-susceptible) and Mace (WSMV-resistant) were mechanically inoculated with TriMV, WSMV, TriMV+WSMV, or sterile water at the two-leaf growth stage. Chlorophyll meter (soil plant analysis development [SPAD]) readings, area under the SPAD progress curve (AUSPC), grain yield (=yield), yield components (spikes/m2, kernels/spike, 1,000-kernel weight), and aerial dry matter were determined. In Millennium, all measured variables were significantly reduced by single or double virus inoculation, with the greatest reductions occurring in the double-inoculated treatment. Among the yield components, the greatest reductions occurred in spikes/m2. In Mace, only AUSPC was significantly reduced by the TriMV+WSMV treatment in 2012. There was a significant (P ≤ 0.05), negative linear relationship between SPAD readings and day of year in all inoculation treatments in Millennium and in the TriMV+WSMV treatment in Mace. There were significant (P ≤ 0.05), positive linear relationships between yield and SPAD readings and between yield and aerial dry matter in Millennium but not in Mace. The results from this study indicate that under field conditions, (i) Mace, a WSMV-resistant cultivar, is also resistant to TriMV, and (ii) double inoculation of winter wheat by TriMV and WSMV exacerbates symptom expression and yield loss in a susceptible cultivar.

Impact of Preceding Crop and Cultural Practices on Rye Growth in Winter Wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Starter Fertilizer ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
The Impact

Improving crop vigor can suppress growth of weeds present in the crop. This study examined the impact of preceding crop and cultural practices on rye growth in winter wheat. Preceding crops were soybean, spring wheat, and an oat/dry pea mixture. Two cultural treatments in winter wheat were also compared, referred to as conventional and competitive canopies. The competitive canopy differed from the conventional in that the seeding rate was 67% higher and starter fertilizer was banded with the seed. The study was conducted at Brookings, SD. Rye seed and biomass production differed fourfold among treatments, with winter wheat following oat/pea being most suppressive of rye growth. Rye produced 63 seeds/plant in winter wheat with a competitive canopy that followed oat/pea, contrasting with 273 seeds/plant in conventional winter wheat following spring wheat. Yield loss in winter wheat due to rye interference increased with rye biomass, but winter wheat was more tolerant of rye interference following oat/pea compared with the other preceding crops. Regression analysis indicated that winter wheat yield loss at the same rye biomass was threefold higher following spring wheat or soybean compared with oat/pea as a preceding crop. Winter wheat competitiveness and tolerance to rye can be improved by increasing the seeding rate, using a starter fertilizer, and growing winter wheat after an oat/pea mixture.

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