scholarly journals A Quantitative Disease Severity Rating Scale for Northern Corn Leaf Blight

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trey Price ◽  
Myra Purvis ◽  
Hunter Pruitt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Northern Corn Leaf Blight ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Corn Leaf Blight

Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) is an annual issue for corn producers throughout the United States. Consequently, researchers are constantly evaluating hybrids for resistance and fungicides for efficacy. In most cases, NCLB severity is evaluated by visually estimating the percentage of affected foliage. Perceptions of disease severity are variable among stakeholders; therefore, a rating scale was created using photo analysis software that may be used to increase accuracy of disease severity estimations. Accepted for publication 15 March 2016. Published 28 March 2016.

scholarly journals A Quantifiable Disease Severity Rating Scale for Frogeye Leaf Spot of Soybean

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trey Price ◽  
Myra Purvis ◽  
Hunter Pruitt
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Image Analysis Software ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Frogeye Leaf Spot ◽  
Fungicide Efficacy ◽  
Foliar Fungicide

A quantifiable rating scale based on disease severity was developed for frogeye leaf spot (FLS) using image analysis software. The scale may be useful for estimating FLS severity in producer fields, which may aid in management decisions. Other applications of the scale include quantifying FLS severity in cultivar evaluations and foliar fungicide efficacy trials. Accepted for publication 17 February 2016. Published 22 February 2016.

scholarly journals Managing Foliar Diseases of Processing Sweet Corn in New York with Strobilurin Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Shah ◽  
H. R. Dillard
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Northern Corn Leaf Blight ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicides ◽  
Corn Leaf Blight

Processing sweet corn (Zea mays) growers in New York are more concerned about the cost effectiveness of fungicide use against foliar fungal diseases (common rust and Northern corn leaf blight) and less about whether such sprays will reduce disease intensity. To address this concern, field trials were done in 2006 and 2007 with three processing sweet corn hybrids (Jubilee, Bold, and GH 9597) that differed in susceptibility to common rust and Northern corn leaf blight, and two strobilurin fungicides (azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin). Single strobilurin applications were applied in response to foliar disease severity thresholds of 1, 10, and 20%. Single fungicide applications did reduce foliar disease severities. Applications were most cost effective when made in response to the 1 and 10% foliar severity thresholds, and generally only in the susceptible hybrid Bold. Spraying at the 20% severity threshold did reduce final foliar disease severity but was not cost effective. Azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin were equally effective in disease management. The results suggest that a single application of a strobilurin fungicide against common rust and Northern corn leaf blight can be cost effective for New York processing sweet corn growers when such an application is made before foliar disease severity exceeds 20%.

Morphological and molecular markers based screening of maize hybrids against northern corn leaf blight

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Kiramat Khan ◽  
Amjad Hasan ◽  
Rafiq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Northern Corn Leaf Blight ◽  
Corn Leaf Blight

Klebsiella jilinsis 2N3 promotes maize growth and induces resistance to northern corn leaf blight

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 104554
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Sisheng Zhang ◽  
Huilin Yu ◽  
Hongyu Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Northern Corn Leaf Blight ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Corn Leaf Blight

scholarly journals First Report of Leaf Blight and Stem Canker of Pachysandra terminalis Caused by Pseudonectria pachysandricola in Korea

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-287
Author(s):  
K. S. Han ◽  
J. H. Park ◽  
S. E. Cho ◽  
H. D. Shin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
The United States ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
First Report ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Young Leaves

Pachysandra terminalis Siebold & Zucc., known as Japanese pachysandra, is a creeping evergreen perennial belonging to the family Buxaceae. In April 2011, hundreds of plants showing symptoms of leaf blight and stem canker with nearly 100% incidence were found in a private garden in Suwon, Korea. Plants with the same symptoms were found in Seoul in May and Hongcheon in August. Affected leaves contained tan-to-yellow brown blotches. Stem and stolon cankers first appeared as water soaked and developed into necrotic lesions. Sporodochia were solitary, erumpent, circular, 50 to 150 μm in diameter, salmon-colored, pink-orange when wet, and with or without setae. Setae were hyaline, acicular, 60 to 100 μm long, and had a base that was 4 to 6 μm wide. Conidiophores were in a dense fascicle, not branched, hyaline, aseptate or uniseptate, and 8 to 20 × 2 to 3.5 μm. Conidia were long, ellipsoid to cylindric, fusiform, rounded at the apex, subtruncate at the base, straight to slightly bent, guttulate, hyaline, aseptate, 11 to 26 × 2.5 to 4.0 μm. A single-conidial isolate formed cream-colored colonies that turned into salmon-colored colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Morphological and cultural characteristics of the fungus were consistent with previous reports of Pseudonectria pachysandricola B.O. Dodge (1,3,4). Voucher specimens were housed at Korea University (KUS). Two isolates, KACC46110 (ex KUS-F25663) and KACC46111 (ex KUS-F25683), were accessioned in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection. Fungal DNA was extracted with DNeasy Plant Mini DNA Extraction Kits (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA). The complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified with the primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced using ABI Prism 337 automatic DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster, CA). The resulting sequence of 487 bp was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. JN797821). This showed 100% similarity with a sequence of P. pachysandricola from the United States (HQ897807). Isolate KACC46110 was used in pathogenicity tests. Inoculum was prepared by harvesting conidia from 2-week-old cultures on PDA. Ten young leaves wounded with needles were sprayed with conidial suspensions (~1 × 106 conidia/ml). Ten young leaves that served as the control were treated with sterile distilled water. Plants were covered with plastic bags to maintain a relative humidity of 100% at 25 ± 2°C for 24 h. Typical symptoms of brown spots appeared on the inoculated leaves 4 days after inoculation and were identical to the ones observed in the field. P. pachysandricola was reisolated from 10 symptomatic leaf tissues, confirming Koch's postulates. No symptoms were observed on control plants. Previously, the disease was reported in the United States, Britain, Japan, and the Czech Republic (2,3), but not in Korea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. pachysandricola on Pachysandra terminalis in Korea. Since this plant is popular and widely planted in Korea, this disease could cause significant damage to nurseries and the landscape. References: (1) B. O. Dodge. Mycologia 36:532, 1944. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ , September 24, 2011. (3) I. Safrankova. Plant Prot. Sci. 43:10, 2007. (4) W. A. Sinclair and H. H. Lyon. Disease of Trees and Shrubs. 2nd ed. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 2005.

scholarly journals Daily and Nondaily Smoking Varies by Acculturation among English-Speaking, US Latino Men and Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Pulvers ◽  
A. Paula Cupertino ◽  
Taneisha S. Scheuermann ◽  
Lisa Sanderson Cox ◽  
Yen-Yi Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
English Language ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latino Men ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nondaily Smoking

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Higher smoking prevalence and quantity (cigarettes per day) has been linked to acculturation in the United States among Latinas, but not Latino men. Our study examines variation between a dif­ferent and increasingly important target behavior, smoking level (nondaily vs daily) and acculturation by sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online English-language sur­vey was administered to 786 Latino smokers during July through August 2012. The Brief Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans–II (ARSMA-II) and other accul­turation markers were used. Multinomial lo­gistic regression models were implemented to assess the association between smoking levels (nondaily, light daily, and moderate/ heavy daily) with acculturation markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater ARMSA-II scores (rela­tive risk ratio, <em>RRR</em>=.81, 95% CI: .72-.91) and being born inside the United States (<em>RRR</em>=.42, 95% CI: .24-.74) were associated with lower relative risk of nondaily smoking. Greater Latino orientation (<em>RRR</em>=1.29, 95% CI: 1.11-1.48) and preference for Spanish language (<em>RRR</em>=1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10) and media (<em>RRR</em>=1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.20) were associated with higher relative risk of nondaily smoking. The relationship between acculturation and smoking level did not differ by sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that among both male and female, English-speaking Latino smokers, nondaily smoking was associated with lower acculturation, while daily smoking was linked with higher ac­culturation.</p><p><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018.28(2):105-114; doi:10.18865/ed.28.2.105.</p>

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