Effects of Angular Leaf Spot and Rust on Yield Loss of Phaseolus vulgaris

Three field experiments were conducted in 1997, 1998, and 1999 to investigate the effects of angular leaf spot and rust, separately or combined, on host growth and yield of individual bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris). In each experiment, three treatments were established by inoculating cv. Carioca with Phaeoisariopsis griseola, Uromyces appendiculatus, or with both pathogens. An additional control treatment was not inoculated, but was sprayed with a fungicide. In the 1997 and 1999 experiments, angular leaf spot reached higher disease levels than rust, whereas in 1998, rust was more severe than angular leaf spot. Host growth, expressed as healthy leaf area duration (HAD), and yield were the highest in 1997 and lowest in 1998. In each experiment, the treatments did not differ significantly to the area under leaf area progress curve, HAD, and healthy leaf area absorption (HAA). All inoculated treatments had significantly more severe disease and less yield than the control treatment. Based on the analysis of 60 plants in each experiment, yield was not related to the areas under disease progress curve for either or both diseases. In 1997 and 1999, yield was related to HAD (R2 = 0.57 and 0.43) and HAA(R2 = 0.60 and 0.55). Based on the combined analysis of all 36 plots, angular leaf spot reduced the leaf area because of defoliation, whereas rust did not affect the leaf area. Rust reduced yield more than four times that of angular leaf spot, although the decrease in photosynthesis to angular leaf spot was twice that of rust.

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Evaluation efficiency of severity of angular leaf spot in common bean based on diseased and healthy leaf area

Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.1590/s1984-70332013000300005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 178-185

Author(s):

Rafael Augusto da Costa Parrella ◽

João Bosco dos Santos ◽

Nádia Nardely Lacerda Durães Parrella ◽

Diego Velásquez Faleiro e Silva

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Angular Leaf Spot ◽

Diseased Leaf ◽

Healthy Leaf ◽

Progress Curve ◽

Diseased Leaf Area ◽

Dry And Rainy Seasons

This study compared severity of angular leaf spot in common bean lines, based on the healthy and diseased leaf area, and the graded scale. We used 12 common bean lines in the dry and rainy seasons. Two contiguous experiments were conducted in each season, with and without chemical control of the pathogen. We evaluated the percentage of the healthy and diseased leaf area; severity based on a graded scale and the area under the disease progress curve; and yield. The diseased or healthy leaf area is efficient to evaluate the severity of angular leaf spot with a sample of 20 to 30 leaflets per plot. For all traits, the results of central and border areas did not differ, indicating that the evaluation of border rows is unnecessary and, finally, the severity assessment of the upper plant half can discriminate the lines more efficiently.

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Angular Leaf Spot of Phaseolus Beans: Relationships Between Disease, Healthy Leaf Area, and Yield

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.1997.87.5.506 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 87 (5) ◽

pp. 506-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

A. Bergamin Filho ◽

S. M. T. P. G. Carneiro ◽

C. V. Godoy ◽

L. Amorim ◽

R. D. Berger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Explanatory Variable ◽

Phaeoisariopsis Griseola ◽

Crop Season ◽

Area Index ◽

Healthy Leaf ◽

Progress Curve ◽

Leaf Area Duration ◽

The Relationship

Five field experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between the severity of visible disease (X), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), healthy leaf area index on any given day (HLAI), radiation intercepted by healthy leaf area on any given day (HRI), healthy leaf area duration (HAD), total healthy leaf area absorption (HAA), and yield of Phaseolus beans, cultivars Rosinha and Carioca, inoculated with Phaeoisariopsis griseola at several doses. In general, yield was not related to disease severity (X) or AUDPC. In contrast, the highest yields were always related to the highest values of HAD and HAA. The relationship between yield and HAD was linear in each of five trials (29.9 < R2 < 70.2%, P < 0.001). The relationship between yield and HAA was linear in four of the trials (52.3 < R2 < 70.3%, P < 0.001) and exponential in one of them (in which the plant canopy was the largest). Singlepoint models using HRI to estimate yield at various times during the crop season were developed. The slope of the yield-HRI relationship proved to be stable (26.8 ±2.4 g MJ-1), regardless of cultivar, locale, planting date, and bean growth stage (from R5 to R8). The yield-HLAI relationship proved to be less consistent. HRI is proposed as a key explanatory variable for a transportable system of disease management; it may be useful in producing precise recommendations at the farm level.

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Field Evaluations of Leaf Spot Resistance and Yield in Peanut Genotypes in the United States and Bolivia

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-10-0454 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 263-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. K. Gremillion ◽

A. K. Culbreath ◽

D. W. Gorbet ◽

B. G. Mullinix ◽

R. N. Pittman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Disease Resistance ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

The United States ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Cercospora Arachidicola ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Progress Curve

Field experiments were conducted in 2002 to 2006 to characterize yield potential and disease resistance in the Bolivian landrace peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cv. Bayo Grande, and breeding lines developed from crosses of Bayo Grande and U.S. cv. Florida MDR-98. Diseases of interest included early leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora arachidicola, and late leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercosporidium personatum. Bayo Grande, MDR-98, and three breeding lines, along with U.S. cvs. C-99R and Georgia Green, were included in split-plot field experiments in six locations across the United States and Bolivia. Whole-plot treatments consisted of two tebuconazole applications and a nontreated control. Genotypes were the subplot treatments. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for percent defoliation due to leaf spot was lower for Bayo Grande and all breeding lines than for Georgia Green at all U.S. locations across years. AUDPC for disease incidence from one U.S. location indicated similar results. Severity of leaf spot epidemics and relative effects of the genotypes were less consistent in the Bolivian experiments. In Bolivia, there were no indications of greater levels of disease resistance in any of the breeding lines than in Bayo Grande. In the United States, yields of Bayo Grande and the breeding lines were greater than those of the other genotypes in 1 of 2 years. In Bolivia, low disease intensity resulted in the highest yields in Georgia Green, while high disease intensity resulted in comparable yields among the breeding lines, MDR-98, and C-99R. Leaf spot suppression by tebuconazole was greater in Bolivia than in the United States. This result indicates a possible higher level of fungicide resistance in the U.S. population of leaf spot pathogens. Overall, data from this study suggest that Bayo Grande and the breeding lines may be desirable germplasm for U.S. and Bolivian breeding programs or production.

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Effects of Plant Density and Thinning on High-Yielding Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Mexíco

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700008085 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 325-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aguilar M. Immer ◽

R. A. Fischer ◽

Joshue Kohashi S.

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Plant Density ◽

Plant Competition ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Positive Relation ◽

Dry Beans ◽

Leaf Area Duration ◽

Pod Number

SUMMARYThe influence of leaf area and inter-plant competition on the growth and yield of a crop of high-yielding dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in central Mexico was studied, using density and thinning treatments. The highest seed yield (4210 kg/ha at 14% moisture) was obtained with the highest density (28·8 plants/m2). Thinning showed that pods/plant was sensitive to inter-plant competition between 36 and 78 days after seeding (first flower at 50 days), but seeds/pod, and especially seed weight, were not sensitive. It is suggested that the close positive relation between yield and leaf area duration derives from the influence of photosynthate supply upon pod number.

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Identification of Phaeoisariopsis griseola pathotypes from five States in Brazil

Fitopatologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-41582002000100012 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 78-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

ALOISIO SARTORATO

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Angular Leaf Spot ◽

Phaeoisariopsis Griseola ◽

Moist Chamber ◽

Differential Cultivars ◽

Pathogenic Variability ◽

Resistant Genotypes

Due to the increased importance of angular leaf spot of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Brazil, monitoring the pathogenic variability of its causal agent (Phaeoisariopsis griseola) is the best strategy for a breeding program aimed at developing resistant genotypes. Fifty one isolates of P. griseola collected in five Brazilian States were tested on a set of 12 international differential cultivars in the greenhouse. When inoculated plants showed symptoms but no sporulation was observed, they were transferred to a moist chamber for approximately 20-24 h. After this period of time, if no sporulation was observed, the plants were considered resistant; otherwise, they were considered susceptible. From the fifty-one tested isolates, seven different pathotypes were identified. No Andean pathotypes were identified; consequently, all isolates were classified as Middle American pathotypes. Pathotype 63-31 was the most widespread. Pathotype 63-63 overcame resistance genes present in all differential cultivars and also the resistance gene(s) present in the cultivar AND 277. This fact has important implications for breeding angular leaf spot resistance in beans, and suggests that searching for new resistance genes to angular leaf spot must be pursued.

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Management of Angular Leaf Spot in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with Molybdenum and Fungicide

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj2004.0665 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Waldir Cintra de Jesus ◽

Francisco Xavier Ribeiro Vale ◽

Reginaldo Resende Coelho ◽

Bernhard Hau ◽

Laércio Zambolim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Angular Leaf Spot ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L

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Response of Three Varieties of Cowpea( Vigna sinensis L.) to Different levels of potassium fertilizer under southern region conditions of Iraq

Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.37077/25200860.2019.254 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 25-34

Author(s):

Ali. K. Al-Furtuse ◽

Kifah A. Aldoghachi ◽

Waleed A. Jabail

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Potassium Fertilizer ◽

Vigna Sinensis ◽

Highest Weight ◽

Different Levels ◽

Plant Length

A field experiment was conducted during autumn season 2018 at Al Salam district, Maysan governorate. The aim was to evaluate some growth properties and grain yield of three varieties of cowpea, Vigna sinensis L. (Local, Patton Boa and Atta E) grown under different levels of potassium sulphate (0, 43, 86 and 129 kg h-1). The experimental design was applied according to the random complete block design in a split arrangement (Split Plots in RCBD). In on hand, the results showed a significant differences between the varieties. The local variety significantly gave highest plant length , leaf area, pods number, seeds number pod-1 and grain yield and which were 60.75cm, 2936.81cm2, 39.60 pod. plant-1, 7.69 seed pod-1, 99.93 g and 4.16 t. h-1 respectively. While the varieties Baton Boa gave highest weight of 100 seeds and gave 37.58 g. In other hand, as compare to the control, the addition of potassium up to 129 kg. h-1 lead to significant increase in plant length, leaf area, pods plant-1, seeds number pod-1 and grain yield plant-1 and total grain yield which were 53.33 cm, 3455.91 cm2, 51.61 pod. plant-1, 8.76 seed. pod-1, 125.93 g. and 5.25 T.h-1 respectively. Whereas, the control treatment (K0) gave the highest weight of 100 seeds (45.11 g). The Interaction between varieties and potassium had a significant effect on almost growth and yield characteristics.

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EFFECT OF DIPPING IN GIBBERLLIC ACID AND SPRAYING NUTRIENT SOLUTION AGRO LEAF ON SOME VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD OF JERUSALUM ARTICHOKE.

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v47i4.523 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Sadik & et al.

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Factorial Experiment ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Highest Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Number Of Branches

This study was conducted in experimental fields, Department of Horticulture, University of Bagdad, in Abu-Graib during season 2011-2012 for jerusalum artichoke. This study was included the effect of dipping tubers in three concentrations of GA3(2.5,5,10g/l) (G1,G2,G3),as well as to control treatment (G0), and spraying nutrient solution Agro leaf A1 (8g/l), as well as to control treatment (A0). This study was made by using Factorial experiment (4*2) within the design RCBD with three replicates. Results could be summarized as follows: G3A0 increased field emergence (12.00 day), G2A0 increased percentage of germination (99.33%) and G2A1 increased number of branches (4.60 stem.plant-1) but the treatment G1A1gave highest rate for number of leaves, leaf area, guide of leaf area, dry weight of the vegetative parts and dry weight of 100gm tubers as(4495.10 leaf.plant-1, 2246.20 dsm2, 99.84, 922.40g, 24.00g.) respectively. The treatments gave significant differences quantity yield, so treatment G3A0 gave highest weight of the tubers as(45.55g.) but the treatment G3A1 gave highest number of the tubers as(68.00 tuber.plant-1 ) and highest yield of plant as (2890g/plant).

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