scholarly journals Effects of cell wall perturbation reagents and plant phenolic compounds on growth, colony morphology, and germination of the corn rot fungus Fusarium verticillioides

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige N. Pierson ◽  
Haley Hardtke ◽  
Daren W. Brown ◽  
Kristi L. McQuade
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Wall Perturbation

scholarly journals Cell Wall Perturbation Sensitizes Fungi to the Antimalarial Drug Chloroquine

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 3889-3896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Islahudin ◽  
Combiz Khozoie ◽  
Steven Bates ◽  
Kang-Nee Ting ◽  
Richard J. Pleass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Antimalarial Drug ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Fungal Inhibition ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity Pathway ◽  
Strain Collection ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Wild Type Yeast ◽  
Wall Perturbation

ABSTRACTChloroquine (CQ) has been a mainstay of antimalarial drug treatment for several decades. Additional therapeutic actions of CQ have been described, including some reports of fungal inhibition. Here we investigated the action of CQ in fungi, including the yeast modelSaccharomyces cerevisiae. A genomewide yeast deletion strain collection was screened against CQ, revealing thatbck1Δ andslt2Δ mutants of the cell wall integrity pathway are CQ hypersensitive. This phenotype was rescued with sorbitol, consistent with cell wall involvement. The cell wall-targeting agent caffeine caused hypersensitivity to CQ, as did cell wall perturbation by sonication. The phenotypes were not caused by CQ-induced changes to cell wall components. Instead, CQ accumulated to higher levels in cells with perturbed cell walls: CQ uptake was 2- to 3-fold greater inbck1Δ andslt2Δ mutants than in wild-type yeast. CQ toxicity was synergistic with that of the major cell wall-targeting antifungal drug, caspofungin. The MIC of caspofungin against the yeast pathogenCandida albicanswas decreased 2-fold by 250 μM CQ and up to 8-fold at higher CQ concentrations. Similar effects were seen inCandida glabrataandAspergillus fumigatus. The results show that the cell wall is critical for CQ resistance in fungi and suggest that combination treatments with cell wall-targeting drugs could have potential for antifungal treatment.

scholarly journals FvVE1 regulates filamentous growth, the ratio of microconidia to macroconidia and cell wall formation in Fusarium verticillioides

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1418-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaojie Li ◽  
Kyung Myung ◽  
Diana Guse ◽  
Brett Donkin ◽  
Robert H. Proctor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Filamentous Growth ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Wall Formation

scholarly journals HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF BORON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED HOLLOW STEM DEVELOPMENT IN BROCCOLI

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 684e-684
Author(s):  
Larry S. Kennedy ◽  
Carl E. Sams ◽  
Effin T. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Histological Evidence ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
Brassica Oleraceae ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Broccoli (Brassica oleraceae L. var. Italica cv. `Premium Crop') plants grown in perlite were supplied with nutrient solutions containing three levels of added boron (0.04 (severely deficient), 0.08 (moderately deficient) or 0.80 (normal) mg L-1). These treatments produced plants exhibiting either obvious (0.04 mg L-1) or no visual boron deficiency symptoms (0.08 and 0.80 mg L-1). At horticultural maturity, cross sections were taken in the upper and mid stem regions. The specimens were mounted on slides after being processed through a biological staining series. Boron availability was found to be correlated with the progressive internal deterioration of the stem which was observed histologically. An examination of staining patterns indicated that possibly a lignification process accompanies and contributes to hollow stem development. We have previously noted an increase in phenolic compounds and fiber content of broccoli produced under boron deficient conditions. The histological evidence of lignification further substantiates that boron deficiency induces changes in cell wall structure which may contribute to the development of hollow stem.

scholarly journals 379 Biochemical Barriers Induced by UV Light and Botrytis cinerea in Postharvest Tomato

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 509C-509
Author(s):  
Marie-Therese Charles ◽  
Alain Goulet ◽  
Francois Castaigne ◽  
Joseph Arul
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Induced Disease Resistance ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Blue Reaction

Hormic dose of ultraviolet light (3.7 kJ•m-2) induced disease resistance in tomato fruit. The biochemical nature of induced resistance by UV light was investigated by histochemical techniques. Ultraviolet light induced plasmolysis of the epicarp and few mesocarp cell layers, and collapse of these cell layers led to the formation of cell wall stacking zone (CWSZ). The treatment also stimulated the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds (Prussian blue reaction) in the epicarp and mesocarp cells. Biochemical reinforcement of the cell wall through lignification (Maule test) and suberization (berberine fluorescence) was also induced. These responses originating from the activation of phenylpropanoid path were principally localized in the CWSZ and were induced before inoculation by B. cinerea. The intensity of these responses was significantly increased in UV-treated tissue in response to infection. These responses were also induced in the inoculated control tissue but were either less substantial (phenolics, lignification, and suberization) or delayed.

scholarly journals Steaming-caused chemical changes of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) wood monitored by NIR spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SITI HANIFAH MAHDIYANTI ◽  
Satoru Tsuchikawa ◽  
Katsuya Mitsui ◽  
Laszlo Tolvaj
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Difference Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Mahdiyanti SH, Tsuchikawa S, Mitsui K, Tolvaj L. 2020. Steaming-caused chemical changes of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) wood monitored by NIR spectroscopy. Asian J For 4: 7-10. Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) wood samples were steamed, applying a broad range of steaming time (0-20 days) at 90 and 110°C steaming temperatures. NIR spectroscopy was used to monitor the chemical changes caused by steaming. The difference spectrum method was applied to find the absorption increases and decreases. Before the subtraction, the spectra were normalized to one unit at 1739 nm to eliminate the parallel shift of the spectra. Steam-induced chemical changes in the wavelength range of 1300-2100 nm are related to the absorption of water and the absorption of extractives, especially phenolic contents. These chemical changes are suspected to be strongly related to color changes in steamed wood. Longer duration of steaming caused phenolic compounds to change into similar contents in all wood tissues, which cause their color to change more uniformly. Steaming caused a water bounding capacity loss of the cell wall. This change was much faster at 110°C than at 90°C.

scholarly journals The aceE involves in mycolic acid synthesis and biofilm formation in Mycobacterium smegmatis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suting Chen ◽  
Tianlu Teng ◽  
Shuan Wen ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Hairong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mycobacterial Cell Wall

Abstract Background: The integrity of cell wall structure is highly significant for the in vivo survival for mycobacteria. However, the mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of mycobacterial cell wall remain poorly understood. aceE encodes the E1 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)complex. This study aimed to know the functional role of aceE gene in cell wall biosynthesis in M. smegmatis.Results: We observed that the colony morphology of aceE-deficient mutants(aceE-mut)was quite different from the wild-type(WT) strain during the transposon library screening of M.smegmatis, smaller and smoother on the solid culture medium. Notably, the aceE-mut lost its ability of growing aggregately and biofilm forming, which are two very important features of mycobacteria.The morphological changes of the aceE-mut strain were further confirmed by electron microscopy that presented shorter, smoother and thinner images in contrast withWT strain.Additionally, the analysis of mycolic acid(MA)using LC-MS indicated deficiency of alpha-MA and epoxy-MA in aceE-mut strain whereas complementation of the aceE-mut with a wild-type aceEgene restored the composition of MA. Conclusions: Overall, this study indicates that aceE gene plays a significant role in the mycolic acid synthesis and affects the colony morphology and biofilm formation of M.smegmatis.

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