Calcium intake in the United States from dietary and supplemental sources across adult age groups: new estimates from NHANES 2003–2006

Abstract Background Benign meningiomas are the most frequently reported central nervous system tumors in the United States (US), with increasing incidence in past decades. However, the future trajectory of this neoplasm remains unclear. Methods We analyzed benign meningioma incidence of cases identified by any means (eg, radiographically with or without microscopic confirmation) in US Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registries among 35–84-year-olds during 2004–2017 by sex and race/ethnicity using age-period-cohort (APC) models. We employed APC forecasting models to glean insights regarding the etiology, distribution, and anticipated future (2018–2027) public health impact of this neoplasm. Results In all groups, meningioma incidence overall increased through 2010, then stabilized. Temporal declines were statistically significant overall and in most groups. JoinPoint analysis of cohort rate-ratios identified substantial acceleration in White men born after 1963 (from 1.1% to 3.2% per birth year); cohort rate-ratios were stable or increasing in all groups and all birth cohorts. We forecast that meningioma incidence through 2027 will remain stable or decrease among 55–84-year-olds but remain similar to current levels among 35–54-year-olds. Total meningioma burden in 2027 is expected to be approximately 30,470 cases, similar to the expected case count of 27,830 in 2018. Conclusions Between 2004–2017, overall incidence of benign meningioma increased and then stabilized or declined. For 2018–2027, our forecast is incidence will remain generally stable in younger age groups but decrease in older age groups. Nonetheless, the total future burden will remain similar to current levels because the population is aging.

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Major depressive symptoms and escalation of drinking among new drinkers in the United States: Variations across sex and age groups

Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107017 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107017

Author(s):

Hui G. Cheng ◽

Alexis C. Edwards

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Major Depressive Symptoms

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Firearm Injuries Affecting the Pediatric Population

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.89.4.788 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 788-790

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Unintentional Injury ◽

The United States ◽

Male Adolescents ◽

Firearm Injuries ◽

Group 2 ◽

Developed Nations

In the United States approximately 30 000 people die from firearm injuries each year. Many more are wounded. In the mid 1980s, more than 3000 of the dead were children and adolescents aged 1 to 19 years.1 In 1989 nearly 4000 firearm deaths were among children 1 to 19 years of age, accounting for 12% of all deaths in that age group.2 All of these deaths or injuries affect other children because the victims who are killed or wounded are frequently relatives, neighbors, or friends. Comparison data for childhood age groups demonstrate that in 1987, 203 children aged 1 to 9 years, 484 children aged 10 to 14 years, and 2705 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years died as a result of firearm injuries.1 Firearm deaths include unintentional injuries, homicides, and suicides. Among the 1- to 9-year-olds, half of the deaths were homicides and half were unintentional. Among the 10- to 14-year-olds, one third of the deaths were homicides, one third were suicides, and one third were unintentional. Among the 15- to 19-year-olds, 48% were homicides, 42% were suicides, and 8% were unintentional.1 Firearm homicides are the leading cause of death for some US subpopulations, such as urban black male adolescents and young adults.3 Table 1 indicates how firearms contributed to the deaths of children and adolescents (homicides, suicides, and all causes) in 1987. Table 2 illustrates the unusual scale of firearm violence affecting young people in the United States compared with other developed nations.4 Firearm injuries are the fourth leading cause of unintentional injury deaths to children younger than 15 years of age in the US.5

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Workforce demographics and unit structure in paediatric cardiac critical care in the United States

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951121004753 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Robin V. Horak ◽

Shasha Bai ◽

Bradley S. Marino ◽

David K. Werho ◽

Leslie A. Rhodes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Critical Care ◽

Heart Surgery ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Work Hours ◽

Full Time ◽

Full Time Equivalent ◽

Unit Structure ◽

Cardiac Critical Care

Abstract Objective: To assess current demographics and duties of physicians as well as the structure of paediatric cardiac critical care in the United States. Design: REDCap surveys were sent by email from May till August 2019 to medical directors (“directors”) of critical care units at the 120 United States centres submitting data to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database and to associated faculty from centres that provided email lists. Faculty and directors were asked about personal attributes and clinical duties. Directors were additionally asked about unit structure. Measurements and main results: Responses were received from 66% (79/120) of directors and 62% (294/477) of contacted faculty. Seventy-six percent of directors and 54% of faculty were male, however, faculty <40 years old were predominantly women. The majority of both groups were white. Median bed count (n = 20) was similar in ICUs and multi-disciplinary paediatric ICUs. The median service expectation for one clinical full-time equivalent was 14 weeks of clinical service (interquartile range 12, 16), with the majority of programmes (86%) providing in-house attending night coverage. Work hours were high during service and non-service weeks with both directors (37%) and faculty (45%). Conclusions: Racial and ethnic diversity is markedly deficient in the paediatric cardiac critical care workforce. Although the majority of faculty are male, females make up the majority of the workforce younger than 40 years old. Work hours across all age groups and unit types are high both on- and off-service, with most units providing attending in-house night coverage.

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Food texture experiences across age groups in 4–36‐month‐old children in the United States

Journal of Texture Studies ◽

10.1111/jtxs.12649 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Victoria A. Surette ◽

Sarah Smith‐Simpson ◽

Lisa R. Fries ◽

Carolyn F. Ross

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Food Texture

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Abstract 15: Trends in Atrial Fibrillation-related Cardiovascular Mortality Rates in The United States: 1999-2017

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yoshihiro Tanaka ◽

Nilay Shah ◽

Rod Passman ◽

Philip Greenland ◽

Sadiya Khan

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Black Men ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Age Groups ◽

White Men ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Men And Women ◽

Black And White

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in adults and the prevalence is increasing due to the aging of the population and the growing burden of vascular risk factors. Although deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) death have dramatically decreased in recent years, trends in AF-related CVD death has not been previously investigated. Purpose: We sought to quantify trends in AF-related CVD death rates in the United States. Methods: AF-related CVD death was ascertained using the CDC WONDER online database. AF-related CVD deaths were identified by listing CVD (I00-I78) as underlying cause of death and AF (I48) as contributing cause of death among persons aged 35 to 84 years. We calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 population, and examined trends over time estimating average annual percent change (AAPC) using Joinpoint Regression Program (National Cancer Institute). Subgroup analyses were performed to compare AAMRs by sex-race (black and white men and women) and across two age groups (younger: 35-64 years, older 65-84 years). Results: A total of 522,104 AF-related CVD deaths were identified between 1999 and 2017. AAMR increased from 16.0 to 22.2 per 100,000 from 1999 to 2017 with an acceleration following an inflection point in 2009. AAPC before 2009 was significantly lower than that after 2009 [0.4% (95% CI, 0.0 - 0.7) vs 3.5% (95% CI, 3.1 - 3.9), p < 0.001). The increase of AAMR was observed across black and white men and women overall and in both age groups (FIGURE), with a more pronounced increase in black men and white men. Black men had the highest AAMR among the younger decedents, whereas white men had the highest AAMR among the older decedents. Conclusion: This study revealed that death rate for AF-related CVD has increased over the last two decades and that there are greater black-white disparities in younger decedents (<65 years). Targeting equitable risk factor reduction that predisposes to AF and CVD mortality is needed to reduce observed health inequities.

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2765. Pediatric Mumps during the 2015–2017 Mumps Resurgence in the United States

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2442 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S975-S975

Author(s):

Mariel Marlow ◽

John Zhang ◽

Nakia S Clemmons ◽

Mona Marin ◽

Manisha Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Age Groups ◽

Exposure Period ◽

The United States ◽

College Campuses ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Low Rate

Abstract Background Numerous mumps outbreaks occurred in the United States over the last decade, with outbreaks affecting young adults on college campuses being among the largest and most widely publicized. However, at least half of mumps cases and outbreaks occurred in other age-groups and settings. We describe reported mumps cases among children and adolescents during 2015 through 2017. Methods The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) analyzed reports of confirmed and probable mumps cases in persons aged ≤18 years (defined here as pediatric mumps) transmitted electronically through the Nationally Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) by the 52 reporting jurisdictions. Results Between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017, 49 jurisdictions reported 4,886 pediatric mumps cases (35% of all US reported cases, 13,807); 8 jurisdictions reported >100 cases each, representing 82% of all pediatric cases. Overall, 29 (1%) cases were in infants <1 yr, 406 (8%) were in children aged 1–4 years, 1,408 (29%) in children aged 5–10 years, 1,365 (28%) in adolescents aged 11–14 years, and 1,678 (34%) in adolescents aged 15–18 years. Most (3,548, 73%) cases did not travel outside the state during their exposure period; only 37 (1%) traveled outside the country. Cases in patients aged 1–4 years were more frequently non-outbreak associated (38%) than those in patients <1 years and 5–18 years (24% and 9%, respectively). Among 3,309 (68%) patients with known number of MMR doses received, 81% of those 5–18 years had ≥2 MMR doses, while 67% of those 1–4 years had ≥1 dose. Median time since last MMR dose for patients with 2 doses was 8 years (IQR: 4, 11 years). Four patients had meningitis and 1 had encephalitis; all were ≥10 years old and previously received 2 MMR doses. Of male mumps patients older than 10 years of age (2,113), 46 (2%) reported having orchitis; of these, 33 (72%) had 2 MMR doses. Sixty-four patients were hospitalized and there were no deaths. Conclusion About one-third of cases reported during the recent US mumps resurgence were in children and adolescents. The low rate of mumps complications compared with previous studies suggests mumps complications may not be adequately captured in national surveillance or identified by providers. Providers should remain vigilant that mumps can still occur among fully vaccinated pediatric patients, even those recently vaccinated. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Pediatric and Adult Populations: Recent Estimates From Large National Databases in the United States, 2007–2016

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

10.1093/ibd/izz182 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yizhou Ye ◽

Sudhakar Manne ◽

William R Treem ◽

Dimitri Bennett

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Adult Population ◽

The United States ◽

Adult Age ◽

The Us ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

National Databases

Abstract Background The latest estimate of the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the United States was based on 2009 data, which indicates a need for an up-to-date re-estimation. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of all forms of IBD including ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD), and IBD unspecified (IBDU). Methods Pediatric (age 2–17) and adult (age ≥18) IBD patients were identified from 2 large claims databases. For each year between 2007 and 2016, prevalence was calculated per 100,000 population and standardized based on the 2016 national Census. A fixed-effects meta-analytical model was used for overall prevalence. Results The pediatric prevalence of IBD overall increased by 133%, from 33.0/100,000 in 2007 to 77.0/100,000 in 2016. Among children, CD was twice as prevalent as UC (45.9 vs 21.6). Prevalence was higher in boys than girls for all forms of IBD, in contrast to the adult population where the prevalence was higher in women than men. We also found that the 10–17 age subgroup was the major contributor to the rising pediatric IBD prevalence. For adults, the prevalence of IBD overall increased by 123%, from 214.9 in 2007 to 478.4 in 2016. The prevalence rates of UC and CD were similar (181.1 vs 197.7) in 2016. Conclusions Inflammatory bowel disease continues to affect a substantial proportion of the US population. In 2016, 1 in 209 adults and 1 in 1299 children aged 2–17 were affected by IBD. Prevalence of IBD has been increasing compared with previously published 2009 data.

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Legibility of Overhead Guide Signs with Encapsulated Versus Microprismatic Retroreflective Sheeting

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/1844-08 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 1844 (1) ◽

pp. 59-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paul J. Carlson ◽

Gene Hawkins

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Vehicle Design ◽

Sport Utility Vehicle ◽

Passenger Car ◽

Late Model ◽

The Difference ◽

Transportation Agencies ◽

Utility Vehicle

A study was conducted to determine the legibility impacts of freeway guide signs when encapsulated retroreflective sheeting is replaced with microprismatic retroreflective sheeting. The study included freeway guide signs mounted in an overhead position and exclusively illuminated with vehicle headlamps. A total of 60 subjects divided into three age groups participated in this nighttime study. All 60 subjects drove two vehicles, a modern sport utility vehicle (SUV) and a late-model passenger car. The findings show that microprismatic sheeting does provide statistically longer legibility distances than encapsulated sheeting. Overall, the improvement was 53 ft, or 9.5%. However, for the modern SUV, the improvement was much greater (78 ft) compared with the late-model passenger car (28 ft). The main differences are related to the evolution of vehicle design and specifications. Today’s United States citizens prefer large vehicles such as an SUV, pickup, and minivan. These vehicles also meet recently revised headlamp specifications. These two issues inherently reduce the amount of headlamp light retroreflected from the sign back to the driver. Unfortunately, these counterproductive trends show signs of continuing. Considering the increasing proportion of older drivers in the United States, it becomes even more critical that transportation agencies do all they can to increase overhead-sign luminance. The findings show that increasing overhead-sign luminance by switching from encapsulated retroreflective sheeting to microprismatic retro-reflective sheeting results in significantly longer legibility distances. The magnitude of the difference will continue to increase as long as the SUV-like proportion of the U.S. fleet continues to grow and headlamp specifications continue to direct less light toward overhead signs.

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