The Relationship Between Iron Status and Free‐Living Physical Activity in Indian School Children

Abstract Background: Iron deficiency has negative effects on voluntary physical activity (PA); however, the impact of consuming iron-biofortified staple foods on voluntary PA remains unclear. This study compared the effects of consuming iron-biofortified pearl millet or a conventional pearl millet on measures of voluntary PA in Indian school children (ages 12-16 years) during a six-month randomized, controlled feeding trial. PA data were collected from 130 children using Actigraph GT3X accelerometers for six days at baseline and endline. Minutes spent in light and in moderate-to-vigorous PA were calculated from accelerometer counts using Crouter’s refined two-regression model for children. Mixed regression models adjusting for covariates were used to assess relationships between intervention treatment or change in iron status and physical activity. Results: Children who consumed iron-biofortified pearl millet performed 22.3 (95% CI: 1.8, 42.8, p = 0.034) more minutes of light PA each day compared to conventional pearl millet. There was no effect of treatment on moderate-to-vigorous PA. The amount of iron consumed from pearl millet was related to minutes spent in light PA (estimate and 95% CI: 3.4 min/mg iron (0.3 to 6.5, p = 0.031)) and inversely related to daily sedentary minutes (estimate and 95% CI: −5.4 min/mg iron (−9.9 to −0.9, p = 0.020)). Conclusion: Consuming iron-biofortified pearl millet increased light PA and decreased sedentary time in Indian school children in a dose-dependent manner.

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Objective measurement of physical activity in Macaca fascicularis

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367782780891769 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 240-243

Author(s):

Wayne T. Corbett ◽

Harry M. Schey ◽

A. W. Green

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Macaca Fascicularis ◽

Living Environment ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Free Living ◽

Activity Measurements ◽

Active Intermediate ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

The mean and standard deviation over 24 h for 3 groups of animals - active, intermediate and inactive - in physical activity units were 10948 ± 3360, 2611 ± 1973 and 484 ± 316 respectively. The differences were significant ( P = 0·004), demonstrating the ability of the method to distinguish between groups that can be visibly differentiated. The small within-animal physical activity standard deviation (18·85 PAU) obtained in another group, suggests that it also yields reliable physical activity measurements for non-human primates. The monitoring device used can discriminate between individual nonhuman primate physical activity levels in a free-living environment and does not alter daily behaviour. This makes possible the study of the relationship between physical activity and atherosclerosis in nonhuman primates.

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Can Physical Activity Moderate the Relationship between School Related Stress and Health Complaints among Japanese Elementary School Children

International Journal of Sport and Health Science ◽

10.5432/ijshs.4.265 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 265-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Minoru Takakura ◽

Minoru Kobayashi ◽

Masaya Miyagi ◽

Hisamitu Kobashigawa ◽

Tanekatsu Kato

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Elementary School ◽

School Children ◽

Elementary School Children ◽

Health Complaints ◽

Related Stress ◽

The Relationship ◽

Stress And Health

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The Relationship between Free-Living Daily Physical Activity and the Severity of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease

Vascular Medicine ◽

10.1177/1358863x9700200402 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 286-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Debra J Sieminski ◽

Andrew W Gardner

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Intermittent Claudication ◽

Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease ◽

Ankle Brachial Index ◽

Arterial Occlusive Disease ◽

Daily Physical Activity ◽

Occlusive Disease ◽

Free Living ◽

Peripheral Arterial ◽

The Relationship

The purposes of this study were to assess the magnitude of the reduction in free-living daily physical activity of claudicants compared with age-matched controls, and to examine the relationship between the severity of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and free-living daily physical activity. Eighty-five PAOD patients with intermittent claudication and 59 non-PAOD subjects with a resting ankle/brachial index (ABI) of 0.63 ± 0.20 and 1.21 ± 0.08, respectively, were monitored for 2 consecutive weekdays with an accelerometer and pedometer worn on each hip. The times to onset and to maximal claudication pain were also measured in the claudicants during a graded treadmill test to assess the functional limitations imposed by PAOD. The PAOD group had a 42% lower energy expenditure as measured from the accelerometer (357 ± 238 kcal/day versus 616 ± 363 kcal/day; p < 0.001) and a 45% lower pedometer reading (4737 ± 2712 steps/day versus 8672 ± 4235 steps/day; p < 0.001) than the non-PAOD group. Furthermore, the relationship between free-living daily physical activity and ABI in PAOD patients was significant for both the accelerometer ( r = 0.41; p < 0.001) and the pedometer ( r = 0.41; p < 0.001). The rate of decline in free-living daily activity was 42 kcal/day and 612 steps/day per 0.10 drop in ABI. The correlation between free-living daily physical activity and time to maximal claudication pain (6:25 ± 3:30 min:s) in the PAOD group was significant for both the accelerometer ( r = 0.30; p = 0.05) and the pedometer ( r = 0.36; p = 0.03). However, the time to onset of claudication pain (3:02 ± 2:22 min:s) in the PAOD group was not related to either the accelerometer ( r = −0.02; p = 0.86) or the pedometer ( r = 0.18; p = 0.28) activity values. In conclusion, free-living daily physical activity was 42% to 45% lower in PAOD patients with intermittent claudication than in apparently healthy subjects of similar age. Moreover, claudicants were progressively more sedentary with an increase in PAOD severity.

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The relationship of family characteristics, parental beliefs and parenting behaviours with the fundamental movement proficiency of primary school children in South East Wales

European Physical Education Review ◽

10.1177/1356336x20915225 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 970-986

Author(s):

Stuart Jarvis ◽

Morgan Williams ◽

Paul Rainer ◽

John Saunders ◽

Richard Mullen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Motor Development ◽

Parental Beliefs ◽

Family Characteristics ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Video Gaming ◽

Positive Relationships ◽

The Relationship

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the fundamental movement skills (FMS) of primary school children and aspects of their home environment. Four-hundred-and-eighty-four primary school children were recruited to the study, consisting of 255 boys and 229 girls, aged between 9 and 11 years. Participants were assessed on eight different FMS and placed into different ability profiles according to the similarity of their FMS proficiencies. Four-hundred-and-eighty-four parent questionnaires were completed and matched to the profile membership of the participants. For boys, positive relationships were found between their FMS ability and the variables of parent–child interaction in video gaming, parental beliefs concerning the importance of social development, motor development and children’s participation in physical activity, parental awareness of their own child’s extracurricular participation in community sports clubs and physical activity preferences. For girls, positive relationships with FMS proficiency were found for parental beliefs concerning the importance of participation in physical activity for social function and the importance of participation in physical activity for learning rules. In the case of girls only, several family characteristics were also significantly related to FMS proficiency. These were the following: the involvement of members of the extended family in their before and after-school care provision; their parents’ employment status; and their mother’s physical activity participation. In conclusion, parental beliefs and behaviours have the potential to influence children’s FMS performance and their impact needs to be considered in any interventions to improve the FMS of children of primary school age.

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Objective Measurement of Habitual Sedentary Behavior in Pre-School Children: Comparison of Activpal With Actigraph Monitors

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.23.4.468 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 468-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Anne Martin ◽

Mhairi McNeill ◽

Victoria Penpraze ◽

Philippa Dall ◽

Malcolm Granat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

School Children ◽

Group Level ◽

Free Living ◽

Physically Active ◽

Published Evidence ◽

Intensity Physical Activity ◽

Living Children

The Actigraph is well established for measurement of both physical activity and sedentary behavior in children. The activPAL is being used increasingly in children, though with no published evidence on its use in free-living children to date. The present study compared the two monitors in preschool children. Children (n 23) wore both monitors simultaneously during waking hours for 5.6d and 10h/d. Daily mean percentage of time sedentary (nontranslocation of the trunk) was 74.6 (SD for the Actigraph and 78.9 (SD 4.3) for activPAL. Daily mean percentage of time physically active (light intensity physical activity plus MVPA) was 25.4 (SD for the Actigraph and 21.1 (SD 4.3) for the activPAL. Bland-Altman tests and paired t tests suggested small but statistically significant differences between the two monitors. Actigraph and activPAL estimates of sedentary behavior and physical activity in young children are similar at a group level.

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Do children like walking? Children in the city of Dunedin, New Zealand

Children Australia ◽

10.1017/s1035077200000274 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 13-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robin Quigg ◽

Claire Freeman

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

New Zealand ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

School Children ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Walk To School ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City ◽

Obesogenic Environments

There is rising interest in children's activity levels and the relationship between health, physical activity and their environments – in particular, their ‘obesogenic’ environments. This paper presents the results of a qualitative study of 71 school children in Dunedin, New Zealand, the purpose of which was to discover whether they liked walking. The study found that, whilst many children do like walking, they are not permitted to walk much, nor to many places. Some walk to school, but their overall levels of walking are low due to a combination of factors relating to concerns for their safety and to the need for children to fit in with increasingly complex, car-dependent family lives.

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Relationship between Physical Activity and Physical Fitness of Ellisras Rural Primary School Children of South Africa

Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation ◽

10.24112/ajper.111145 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 54-60

Author(s):

M. A. MONYEKI ◽

L. L. J. KOPPES ◽

H. C. G. KEMPER ◽

K. D. MONYEKI ◽

A. L. TORIOLA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Primary School ◽

South African ◽

School Children ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Activity Duration ◽

Physical Activity Duration ◽

The Relationship ◽

Shuttle Run

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and fitness in 212 South African rural primary school children. A questionnaire was used to gather physical activities performed during the whole week. The results show a few significant relationships between physical activity and sit-ups, shuttle run and 1600m run in girls, but none in boys. The gender difference may be explained by a ceiling effect in boys. The general absence of significant findings may be explained by the low nutritional status, unrecorded physical activity duration, high levels of physical activity, and heterogeneity in growth and maturation.本文旨在探討南非鄉鎮地區小學生身體活動量與體適能的關係，以問卷方式進行調查學童過去一星期的身體活動量，結果顯示女學童的身體活動量與仰臥起坐，來回跑及一千六百米跑有顯著相關，而男生的活動量與體適能卻沒有相關，這現象可能受其他因素影響所致。

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Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Primary School Children with Their Parental Behaviors and Supports

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15091995 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 1995 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chiaki Tanaka ◽

Masayuki Okuda ◽

Maki Tanaka ◽

Shigeru Inoue ◽

Shigeho Tanaka

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Parental Support ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Sixth Grade ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Sports Events ◽

The Relationship

Background: The associations of objectively evaluated moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time between primary school children and their fathers or mothers have not been fully understood. Therefore, we tested the associations in children. Methods: The participants were first to sixth grade boys (n = 166, 9.4 ± 1.6 years) and girls (n = 202, 9.4 ± 1.6 years) and their parents (fathers, n = 123 and mothers, n = 321). MVPA and sedentary time were measured using triaxial accelerometry. The relationship between parental support which was assessed by self-reported questionnaire and children’s MVPA was also examined. Results: MVPA in the children was positively correlated with maternal MVPA after adjustment for the children’s gender, grade, body mass index z-score, paternal or maternal age, and school (p < 0.001). However, paternal or maternal sedentary time and paternal MVPA showed no significant association with sedentary time or MVPA in children. On the other hand, the percentage of MVPA in children who spent more time with their mothers on weekends was significantly lower than those who spent less time (p = 0.034). Children whose mothers watched their sports events had a significantly higher percentage of MVPA than those whose mothers did not watch these events (p = 0.008). There were no associations between children’s MVPA and paternal support. Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate the significance of maternal MVPA and support.

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