Neurotoxic effect of high dose methamphetamine administration on the hippocampal formation of adult mice

Neuroreport ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1973-1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Shishido ◽  
Toshiaki Shishido ◽  
Kozo Kato ◽  
Yoshinori Watanabe ◽  
Masami Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Neurotoxic Effect ◽  
Adult Mice

scholarly journals STABILITY OF DNA IN PURKINJE CELL NUCLEI OF THE MOUSE

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 665-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mareš ◽  
B. Schultze ◽  
W. Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Nuclear Volume ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Adult Mice

Neurons of the mouse were labeled with [3H]thymidine during their prenatal period of proliferation. The 3H activity of the Purkinje cell nuclei was then studied autoradiographically 8, 25, 55, and 90 days after birth. The measured grain number per nucleus decreased by about 14% between the 8th and 25th postnatal days and then remained constant up to 90 days. There was no significant decrease of the 3H activity of the Purkinje cell nuclei after correction of the measured grain number per nucleus for increasing nuclear volume of the growing Purkinje cells and for the influence of [3H]ß self-absorption in the material of the sections. Injection of a high dose of [3H]thymidine into young adult mice did not result in 3H labeling of either Purkinje or other neurons in other brain regions. The results agree with the concept of metabolic stability of nuclear DNA. "Metabolic" DNA could not be observed in these experiments.

scholarly journals A STEREOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF EARLY POSTNATAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE ON NEURONAL NUMBERS IN RAT DENTATE GYRUS

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Miki ◽  
Simon J Harris ◽  
Peter Wilce ◽  
Yoshiki Takeuchi ◽  
Kuldip S Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Ethanol Ingestion ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Early Postnatal Life

Maternal ethanol ingestion during pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in their offspring. Among the symptoms of FAS, damage to the central nervous system has emerged as one of the most serious problems. We have previously shown that a relatively high dose of ethanol exposure during early postnatal life can cause alterations in spatial learning ability. This ability is controlled, at least in part, by the hippocampal formation. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether exposure of rat pups to ethanol during early postnatal life had effects on the total number of the dentate gyrus neurons. Wistar rats were exposed to a relatively high daily dose of ethanol between postnatal days 10 to 15. Ethanol exposure was achieved by placing rat pups in a chamber containing ethanol vapour for 3 hours a day. The blood ethanol concentration was found to be about 430 mg/dL at the end of the exposure period. Groups of ethanol treated (ET), separation controls (SC) and mother reared controls (MRC) were anaesthetised and killed at 16-days-of-age by perfusion with phosphate-buffered 2.5% glutaraldehyde. The Cavalieri principle was used to determine the volume of subdivisions of the dentate gyrus, and the physical disector method was used to estimate the numerical densities of neurons within each subdivision. The total number of neurons was calculated by multiplying estimates of the numerical density with the volume. There was, on average, about 421,000 granule cells in all three treatment groups. In the hilus region, ET rats had about 27,000 neuronal cells. This value was significantly smaller than the average of 38,000 such neurons estimated to be present in both MRC and SC animals. It is concluded that neurons in the hilus region of the dentate gyrus may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of a high dose of ethanol exposure during PND 10-15. It is likely that this deficit was due to neuronal death induced by some mechanisms related to the ethanol exposure.

Syzygium Aromaticum Alleviates Cerium Chloride-Induced Neurotoxic Effect In The Adult Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Yamina Kadri ◽  
Riadh Nciri ◽  
Sana Bardaa ◽  
Noura Brahmi ◽  
Saidi Saber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Cerium Chloride ◽  
Neurotoxic Effect ◽  
Adult Mice

scholarly journals Sustained expression of therapeutic levels of human factor VIII in mice

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 4671-4677 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Connelly ◽  
JM Gardner ◽  
RM Lyons ◽  
A McClelland ◽  
M Kaleko
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Adenoviral Vector ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Human Factor Viii

Deficiency of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) results in hemophilia A, a common hereditary bleeding disorder. Using a human FVIII-encoding adenoviral vector, Av1ALAPH81, we have demonstrated expression of therapeutic levels of human FVIII in mice sustained for more than 5 months after vector administration. Administration of a high dose (4 x 10(9) plaque-forming units [pfu]) of Av1ALAPH81 to mice resulted in a peak expression of 2,063 ng/mL of human FVIII in the mouse plasma, with levels decreasing to background by weeks 15 to 17. Normal FVIII levels in humans range from 100 to 200 ng/mL and therapeutic levels are as low as 10 ng/mL. Alternatively, administration of 8- to 80-fold lower vector doses (5 x 10(8) pfu to 5 x 10(7) pfu) to normal adult mice resulted in expression of FVIII at therapeutic levels sustained for at least 22 weeks. Detailed analysis of vector toxicity indicated that the high vector dose caused a dramatic elevation of liver-specific enzyme levels, whereas an eight-fold lower vector dose was significantly less hepatotoxic. The data presented here demonstrate that administration of lower, less toxic vector doses allow long-term persistence of FVIII expression.

scholarly journals Tacrine Treatment at High Dose Suppresses the Recognition Memory in Juvenile and Adult Mice with Attention to Hepatotoxicity

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yuan Pan ◽  
Bao-Feng Guo ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
Zhi-Ling Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Adult Mice

scholarly journals Effects of Alpha-Tocopherol on Biochemical Parameters in Adult Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Franck Arnaud Moukobolo Kinsangou ◽  
Henriette Poaty ◽  
Dimitry Moudiongui Mboungou
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
High Dietary Intake ◽  
High Doses

Background: Numerous reviews report the beneficial effects of alpha tocopherol in preventive supplementation and also as an adjuvant in the treatment of some pathologies (cardiovascular, cancers). In this work, we analyzed the effects of vitamin E at high doses on some biochemical parameters. Methods: Thirty-two adult male and female mice (CD1 albino mice) were randomly selected for a 4-week experiment. The mice were supplemented with alpha tocopherol at doses of 150, 400 and 750mg/day. With a high dietary intake of vitamin E Results: According to our analyses, we can note Excess weight predominated in groups 4 to 7. All the blood lipid parameters showed an abnormal concentration, as of the 400 mg dose of α-T-acetate. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia were observed. These variations were more pronounced for total cholesterol and triglycerides than for HDL and LDL fractions. Conclusion: The study showed significant effects of high-dose α-T supplementation on biochemical parameters, mainly hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Key words: Vitamin E, Alpha-tocopherol, blood biochemical parameters.

Depression of DNA synthesis in the thymus of zinc-treated adult mice

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 3020-3023
Author(s):  
Alois Čihák ◽  
Milagros Carcia Mesa ◽  
Hideo Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Zn Ions

Zn-ions in a high dose affect the uptake of thymidine into thymus DNA. The depression of DNA synthesis in the thymus of zinc-treated mice is dose-dependent and is more pronounced in adult than in young animals.

scholarly journals The Effect of Propranolol on Sperm Parameters, CatSper 2 Gene and Protein Expression, and Oxidative Stress in Adult Mice

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Shabnam Mohammadi ◽  
Farimah Beheshti ◽  
Sepideh Elyasi ◽  
Mehdi Jalali
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of propranolol on sperms, histopathology of testes, and CatSper 2 gene and protein expression in adult mice. 18 adult male mice were randomly divided into control, propranolol 1 (receiving 10 mg/kg dose) and propranolol 2 group (receiving 15 mg/kg dose for 35 days). The mean amount of sperm parameters in the propranolol 1 and propranolol 2 groups was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05). CatSper2 gene and protein expression have significantly decreased in propranolol 1 and propranolol 2 groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Reduction of CatSper2 gene and protein expression in low dose of propranolol was more severe than high dose. In testicular tissues of the propranolol 1 group, vacuoles and necrosis in the germinal epithelium were observed, and in testicular tissues of propranolol 2 group decrease in the thickness of the germinal epithelium, some vacuoles and necrosis were observed in germinal epithelium as well as congestion in the interstitial space. The mean value of thiol and catalase enzyme in the propranolol 1 and propranolol 2 groups, and the mean value of superoxide dismutase in propranolol 1 group, were significantly different compared to the control group (P<0.05).

scholarly journals Activation of Astrocytes in the Persistence of Post-hypoxic Respiratory Augmentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isato Fukushi ◽  
Kotaro Takeda ◽  
Mieczyslaw Pokorski ◽  
Yosuke Kono ◽  
Masashi Yoshizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Whole Body Plethysmography ◽  
Hypoxic Gas Mixture

Acute hypoxia increases ventilation. After cessation of hypoxia loading, ventilation decreases but remains above the pre-exposure baseline level for a time. However, the mechanism of this post-hypoxic persistent respiratory augmentation (PHRA), which is a short-term potentiation of breathing, has not been elucidated. We aimed to test the hypothesis that astrocytes are involved in PHRA. To this end, we investigated hypoxic ventilatory responses by whole-body plethysmography in unanesthetized adult mice. The animals breathed room air, hypoxic gas mixture (7% O2, 93% N2) for 2min, and again room air for 10min before and after i.p. administration of low (100mg/kg) and high (300mg/kg) doses of arundic acid (AA), an astrocyte inhibitor. AA suppressed PHRA, with the high dose decreasing ventilation below the pre-hypoxic level. Further, we investigated the role of the astrocytic TRPA1 channel, a putative ventilatory hypoxia sensor, in PHRA using astrocyte-specific Trpa1 knockout (asTrpa1−/−) and floxed Trpa1 (Trpa1f/f) mice. In both Trpa1f/f and asTrpa1−/− mice, PHRA was noticeable, indicating that the astrocyte TRPA1 channel was not directly involved in PHRA. Taken together, these results indicate that astrocytes mediate the PHRA by mechanisms other than TRPA1 channels that are engaged in hypoxia sensing.

scholarly journals Corticosterone Slowly Enhances Miniature Excitatory Postsynaptic Current Amplitude in Mice CA1 Hippocampal Cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 3479-3486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk Karst ◽  
Marian Joëls
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Ampa Receptor ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Corticosteroid Receptors ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Corticosteroid Hormones ◽  
Hippocampal Area ◽  
The Brain

Corticosteroid hormones are released in high amounts after stress and bind to intracellular receptors in the brain, which in activated form function as transcription factors. We here tested the effect of a high dose of corticosterone on AMPA-receptor–mediated transmission in the CA1 hippocampal area, which is enriched in corticosteroid receptors. To focus on slow gene-mediated effects of the hormone, excitatory postsynaptic currents were measured at least 1 h after a brief application of 100 nM corticosterone to slices from adrenally intact adult mice. The amplitude but not frequency of miniature postsynaptic excitatory currents was found to be significantly enhanced. These effects were mimicked by 100 nM RU 28362, a selective agonist for intracellular glucocorticoid receptors. Evoked AMPA responses at the single cell were significantly enhanced when measured 2–4 h after application of 100 nM corticosterone, but not at earlier moments nor with a longer delay. In summary, the present results show that activation of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors induces a slow enhancement of AMPA-receptor–mediated responses, at the single-cell level.

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