Clozapine Treatment of Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia: Evaluation of Effectiveness, Adverse Effects, and Long-Term Outcome

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1349-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRA L. SPORN ◽  
ANOOP VERMANI ◽  
DEANNA K. GREENSTEIN ◽  
AARON J. BOBB ◽  
EDGAR P. SPENCER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Clozapine Treatment ◽  
Childhood Onset Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Long-Term Outcomes and Predictors of Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia: A Naturalistic Study of 6-year Follow-Up in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Liangrong ◽  
Zhang Guican ◽  
Zhu Qi ◽  
Yang Weirui ◽  
Zhang Yaqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Occupational Education ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Childhood Onset Schizophrenia ◽  
Education Status

Objectives: The long-term outcome of childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) and its influencing factors remain unclear. The current study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of COS and identify possible outcome predictors.Methods: We retrospectively investigated 276 patients with COS. Diagnosis made according to the ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia, and the age of the first onset was ≤ 14 years. Follow-up was completed for 170 patients, with a median follow-up period of 5.6 years. Outcome variables included occupational/education status and readmission. Spearman correlation was performed to assess the relationship between predictors and outcome variables. Binary logistic regression was conducted to detect possible predictor variables for outcome variables.Results: At the end of the follow-up, 89 patients (52.3%) were at school, 70 patients (41.2%) were employed, and only 11 patients (6.5%) were dropped out of school or unemployed. The duration to the first admission and depressive symptoms were identified as predictors of occupational/educational status. The length of follow-up and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) were distinguished as predictors of readmission. Duration to the first admission and length of follow-up were risk factors, and depressive symptoms and OCS were protective factors for the outcomes of COS.Conclusion: We found a favorable long-term outcome on occupational/education status in COS, and depressive symptoms and OCS may be associated with more positive long-term outcomes in COS. Our findings suggest that COS patients may benefit from early intervention and require appropriate treatment.

Long term outcome of childhood onset headache: A prospective community study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1159-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Sillanpää ◽  
Maiju M Saarinen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Recurrent Headache ◽  
Childhood Migraine ◽  
Early School ◽  
Increased Risk

Purpose To examine prevalence, course, and long-term outcome of childhood migraine and other headaches. Method Using questionnaires, 1185 children were followed for recurrent headaches at ages seven, 14 and 32 years, respectively. Results At age seven years, 4.0% of the 1185 children (girls 3.7%, boys 4.3%) had migraine and 24% (25%/23%) had nonmigrainous headache. In adulthood, 16% (22%/8%) had migraine and 60% (64%/54%) nonmigrainous headache. Childhood migraine persisted into adulthood in 65% of females and 21% of males, and nonmigrainous headache in 62% and 59%, respectively. After childhood, 17% of females and 7% of males started to have episodes of migraine. No recurrent headache during the follow-up was reported by 11% (6%/16%). In a multivariate analysis, compared with no childhood headache, childhood migraine increased the risk of adulthood migraine by 3.36-fold (95% CI 1.94–5.82) and that of nonmigrainous headache by 1.72-fold (1.14–2.60). Discussion and conclusions Headaches are generally as common in preschool girls as boys. From early school years, headaches steadily increase up to young adulthood, but among boys the prevalence levels off after adolescence. About two thirds of children experienced changes in their headache status during a 25-year follow-up. Any kind of recurrent headache at school entry predicts an increased risk of headache in young adulthood. Special attention should be paid to girls and particularly those girls who have recurrent headache when they start school.

Long-term outcome of 424 childhood-onset myasthenia gravis patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 262 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengcui Gui ◽  
Xuan Luo ◽  
Jing Lin ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome

Long-term effect on outcome of clozapine in chronic therapy-resistant schizophrenic patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (S5) ◽  
pp. 353s-355s ◽  
Author(s):  
LH Lindström ◽  
T Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Clozapine Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Chronic Therapy ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Mean

SummaryControlled clinical trials have shown that the atypical neuroleptic clozapine is highly effective in schizophrenic patients who are unresponsive to conventional neuroleptic agents. The long-term outcome of clozapine treatment was studied in 122 patients who were treated between 1974 and 1991. The mean duration of treatment was 5.2 years. At follow-up, 74 patients (61%) were still receiving clozapine. Only 11 patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events and eight because of poor compliance. Clinical improvement was seen in 87% of patients; 40% had resumed employment after 2 years' treatment. About one-third of patients who received clozapine for 5–10 years continued to improve during this time; this was probably because of a continuing process of socialisation. Thus, clozapine offers important advantages in schizophrenic patients resistant to conventional neuroleptics in terms of long-term efficacy and lack of extrapyramidal side-effects.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of growth hormone replacement therapy in childhood-onset craniopharyngioma: results of the German Craniopharyngioma Registry (HIT-Endo)

2018 ◽  
Vol 179 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Boekhoff ◽  
Agnieszka Bogusz ◽  
Anthe S Sterkenburg ◽  
Maria Eveslage ◽  
Hermann L Müller
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Survival Prognosis ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Outcome

Objective Quality of survival, prognosis and long-term outcome are often severely impaired in childhood-onset craniopharyngioma (CP) patients. Identification of risk factors for sequelae such as growth hormone (GH) deficiency is important for appropriate treatment and rehabilitation. Design In a cross-sectional study, 79 CP patients recruited in HIT-Endo before 2000 were analyzed according to GH substitution: (a) CP never GH treated (noGH); (b) CP GH treated only during childhood (pedGH); (c) CP under GH, initiated at adulthood (adultGH); (d) CP under GH during childhood and continued during adulthood (contGH). Methods Progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS), height, BMI, psychosocial and neuropsychological status (EORTC QLQ-C30, MFI-20). Results OS and PFS rates were similar in all subgroups. ContGH and pedGH CP presented with increases in height (P = 0.002; P = 0.0001) during long-term follow-up when compared with baseline. In all subgroups except for pedGH, increases in BMI were observed when compared with BMI at diagnosis. For emotional functionality and physical fatigue, adultGH CP showed worse (P = 0.037; P = 0.034) response (mean: 61.4%; 12.5%) when compared with pedGH CP (mean: 83.5%; 7.7%). Observed differences were not related to irradiation and hypothalamic involvement. In terms of psychosocial status, no differences were observed between subgroups. Conclusions We conclude that GH substitution was safe with regard to risk of tumor progression/relapse in CP. Growth was improved by GH, whereas the development of obesity was not influenced by GH substitution. However, early initiation of GH substitution after CP diagnosis might have beneficial effects on weight development and neuropsychological outcome.

Fusiform dilatation of the internal carotid artery in childhood-onset craniopharyngioma: multicenter study on incidence and long-term outcome

Pituitary ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Hoffmann ◽  
Monika Warmuth-Metz ◽  
Kristin Lohle ◽  
Julia Reichel ◽  
Anna M. M. Daubenbüchel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome

scholarly journals Update on Postnatal Corticosteroids to Prevent or Treat Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (S 02) ◽  
pp. S58-S62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Filippone ◽  
Daniel Nardo ◽  
Luca Bonadies ◽  
Sabrina Salvadori ◽  
Eugenio Baraldi
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Long Term Outcome

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication of premature birth that significantly affects mortality and long-term morbidity in numerous immature infants. Corticosteroids are particularly suitable for treating BPD, as lung inflammation is central to its pathogenesis. Corticosteroids have considerable, fast beneficial effects on lung function in premature infants with lung disease, but they are also associated with several serious adverse effects, which may have a detrimental impact on long-term outcome. Dexamethasone is the most often used corticosteroid for systemic administration. Despite its value in preventing and treating BPD, its use is associated with several alarming short-term effects and, worst of all, with an increased rate of cerebral palsy in the long term. Dexamethasone nonetheless remains an important therapeutic option for infants with severe lung disease beyond the second to third week of life. Hydrocortisone is an important alternative to dexamethasone, as its use does not appear to be associated with any neurotoxic effects. Its efficacy in the prevention and treatment of BPD has yet to be clearly demonstrated, however. Inhaled corticosteroids might reduce lung inflammation with fewer systemic adverse effects; however, a recent, large randomized trial showed that inhaled budesonide was associated with an excess mortality, despite its beneficial respiratory effects. In another study, instilling budesonide together with surfactant in the trachea of intubated infants with severe respiratory distress appeared safe and achieved a significant reduction in the rate of BPD at 36 postmenstrual weeks. This important finding needs to be confirmed in a larger trial currently underway.

scholarly journals Radical Prostatectomy: Sequelae in the Course of Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Kesch ◽  
Isabel Heidegger ◽  
Veeru Kasivisvanathan ◽  
Alexander Kretschmer ◽  
Giancarlo Marra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Urinary Continence ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome

Objective: Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a frequent treatment for men suffering from localized prostate cancer (PCa). Whilst offering a high chance for cure, it does not come without a significant impact on health-related quality of life. Herein we review the common adverse effects RP may have over the course of time.Methods: A collaborative narrative review was performed with the identification of the principal studies on the topic. The search was executed by a relevant term search on PubMed from 2010 to February 2021.Results: Rates of major complications in patients undergoing RP are generally low. The main adverse effects are erectile dysfunction varying from 11 to 87% and urinary incontinence varying from 0 to 87% with a peak in functional decline shortly after surgery, and dependent on definitions. Different less frequent side effects also need to be taken into account. The highest rate of recovery is seen within the first year after RP, but even long-term improvements are possible. Nevertheless, for some men these adverse effects are long lasting and different, less frequent side effects also need to be taken into account. Despite many technical advances over the last two decades no surgical approach can be clearly favored when looking at long-term outcome, as surgical volume and experience as well as individual patient characteristics are still the most influential variables.Conclusions: The frequency of erectile function and urinary continence side effects after RP, and the trajectory of recovery, need to be taken into account when counseling patients about their treatment options for prostate cancer.

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