Diagnosing active tuberculosis in people living with HIV

People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) have a higher risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) disease, and TB remains a major cause of death in PLHIV. Uzbekistan is facing a substantial TB epidemic, which increases the risk of PLHIV developing active TB. Our retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the incidence rate and assess the risk factors for developing active TB among PLHIV. We collected secondary data extracted from medical charts of all patients, newly diagnosed at the AIDS Center in Tashkent, during the period of 2015–2017. The incidence rate of TB among PLHIV was 5.1 (95% CI: 4.5–6.0) per 1000 person/month. Adjusted regression analysis showed three major risk factors for TB, namely, being less than 15 years old (hazard ratio (HR) 5.83; 95% CI: 3.24–10.50, p value = 0.001),low CD4 count (adjusted hazard ratio(aHR) 21.0; 95% CI: 9.25–47.7, p value < 0.001), and antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption/not receiving ART (aHR 5.57; 95% CI: 3.46–8.97 and aHR 6.2; 95% CI: 3.75–10.24, p value < 0.001, respectively) were significantly associated with developing active TB among PLHIV. Our findings indicate that taking prescribed ART without interruptions and maintaining CD4cell counts higher than 320 cells/μL are essential to prevent the development of active TB among PLHIV.

Download Full-text

Incidence of Tuberculosis as a Opportunistic Infection in Patients with HIV Getting Combined Anti Retroviral Therapy

Medical Journal of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/mjpahs.v2i2.28195 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 217-220

Author(s):

Manoj Koirala ◽

Buddhi Bahadur Thapa ◽

Basanta Kumar Tamrakar ◽

Surya Bahadur Hamal ◽

Bishow Raj Baral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Opportunistic Infection ◽

Active Tuberculosis ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cervical Gland ◽

Combined Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Seroconversion ◽

Living With Hiv

Introduction: The risk of active Tuberculosis increases after HIV seroconversion. It progressively increases with declining immunity. Tuberculosis (TB) epidemics in HIV has led to a dramatic upsurge in global TB incidence, resulting in remarkable increase in morbidity and mortality. Many clinical studies had shown that TB is one of the commonest opportunistic infection. This study is conducted to see the incidence of tuberculosis as an opportunistic infection in patients with HIV getting combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional comparative study. Five hundred patients with HIV who are getting cART were enrolled in the study. Results: Analysis of individuals with HIV in our study amongst the 500 patients 266 (53.2%) were males and the remaining 234 (46.68%) were females. Amongst these HIV patients 48(18.04%) males and 17(7.26%) females had tuberculosis. 65(13%) of patients were TB/HIV co-infected. 2(4.1%) of these male TB/HIV patients had cervical gland TB. Conclusion: The incidence of tuberculosis in HIV infected individuals is high. TB is the commonest opportunistic infection (OIs) in people living with HIV/AIDS. Males are predominant gender to have TB/HIV co-infection.

Download Full-text

Peer-led active tuberculosis case-finding among people living with HIV: lessons from Nepal

Bulletin of the World Health Organization ◽

10.2471/blt.16.179119 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 135-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dipu Joshi ◽

Raisha Sthapit ◽

Miranda Brouwer

Keyword(s):

Case Finding ◽

Active Tuberculosis ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Tuberculosis Case ◽

Living With Hiv

Download Full-text

Neurological manifestations among patients with HIV – active tuberculosis co infection

10.21203/rs.3.rs-59991/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Amira Sidig ◽

Mohamed A. Taha ◽

Osman.B.M ◽

Musaab M.Alfaki ◽

Mohamed I. Alfaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Series ◽

Latent Tuberculosis ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Active Tuberculosis ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Neurological Manifestations ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Series Study

Abstract Introduction: At least one-third of the 35.3 million people living with HIV worldwide are infected with latent tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is the most common presenting illness among people living with HIV, including those who are taking antiretroviral treatment. There were an estimated 1.1 million HIV positive new TB cases globally in 2012. Around 75% of these people live in sub-Saharan Africa.Despite its great burden, neurological manifestations have not been described yet in patients with HIV-active tuberculosis, although tuberculosis and HIV have synergistic influence on immunity system which may contribute to change in prevalence or severity of CNS involvement in patients with HIV-active TB co infection.Objectives: To study neurological manifestations in patients with HIV-active tuberculosisMethodology: A case series study of 58 consecutive patients with laboratory confirmed HIV- active tuberculosis co infection attending tertiary hospital for tuberculosis treatment was conducted. Data about neurological symptoms and signs – conducted by a neurologist- were collected from each patient. .Results: 24% of 58 patients were found to have neurological manifestations in clinical assessment.Conclusion: the frequency of neurological manifestations among patients with HIV-active TB co infection was found to be higher compared to that of patients with HIV only;

Download Full-text

Injecting drug use predicts active tuberculosis in a national cohort of people living with HIV

AIDS ◽

10.1097/qad.0000000000001635 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (17) ◽

pp. 2403-2413 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joanne R. Winter ◽

Helen R. Stagg ◽

Colette J. Smith ◽

Alison E. Brown ◽

Maeve K. Lalor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Injecting Drug Use ◽

Active Tuberculosis ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

National Cohort ◽

Living With Hiv

Download Full-text

Lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay for detecting active tuberculosis in people living with HIV

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1002/14651858.cd011420.pub3 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Stephanie Bjerrum ◽

Ian Schiller ◽

Nandini Dendukuri ◽

Mikashmi Kohli ◽

Ruvandhi R Nathavitharana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Active Tuberculosis ◽

Lateral Flow ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

Download Full-text

Using Tuberculin Skin Test as an Entry Point to Screen for Latent and Active Tuberculosis in Thai People Living With HIV

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes ◽

10.1097/qai.0b013e318258c675 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 384-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nittaya Phanuphak ◽

Jay K. Varma ◽

Wanitchaya Kittikraisak ◽

Nipat Teeratakulpisarn ◽

Saranya Phasitlimakul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tuberculin Skin Test ◽

Skin Test ◽

Active Tuberculosis ◽

Entry Point ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Thai People ◽

Living With Hiv

Download Full-text

Overview of the epidemic situation on tuberculosis in Russian prisons in 2019

MedAlliance ◽

10.36422/23076348-2021-9-1-20-28 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 20-28

Keyword(s):

Inverse Correlation ◽

Active Tuberculosis ◽

Correctional Facilities ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Notification Rate ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

Resis Tance ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

First Time

Monitoring the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in pri- sons is of great importance in the Russian and internation- al system of monitoring tuberculosis. Objective of the study : to monitor the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Russian prisons. Methods. We used information from official statistics. Extensive and intensive indicators were calculated, regression analysis was used. Results. The in- dicator “The proportion of people diagnosed with active tuberculosis diagnosed for the first time in their lives in penitentiary institutions in the total number of patients di- agnosed with active tuberculosis for the first time in their lives” is being successfully met. In 2019 it was 7.3% with a target of 7.8%. The notification rate of new cases of tuber- culosis is declining at a faster rate in correctional facilities (to 465.0 per 100,000) and at a lower rate in pre-trial de- tention centers (to 1251.0 per 100,000). The decline in the notification rate of new cases of tuberculosis in pre-trial de- tention centers may slow due to COVID-19. There is a fur- ther decrease in the prevalence of tuberculosis (to 2,677.3 per 100,000) and TB mortality (to 7.0 per 100,000). The inci- dence of TB/HIV among people living with HIV decreased to 2506.0 per 100,000, while ART coverage increased to 59.5%. A strong inverse correlation was found between the incidence of tuberculosis in people living with HIV and their coverage of ART (r=-0.99). The prevalence of MDR-TB has not changed over the past 3 years, amounting to 684.0 per 100,000 in 2019 with an increase in primary MDR to 32.8%. Conclusion: the TB epidemic situation continues to improve, mainly in correctional facilities, less in pre-trial detention centers. The improvement in the epidemic situa- tion of tuberculosis with HIV infection is associated with an increase in the coverage of people living with HIV with ART. Two multidirectional processes ensure the lack of MDR-TB dynamics: a decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis, on the one hand, and an increase in primary multidrug resis- tance of MBT, on the other.

Download Full-text