Overview of the epidemic situation on tuberculosis in Russian prisons in 2019

MedAlliance ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Notification Rate ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Resis Tance ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
First Time

Monitoring the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in pri- sons is of great importance in the Russian and internation- al system of monitoring tuberculosis. Objective of the study : to monitor the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Russian prisons. Methods. We used information from official statistics. Extensive and intensive indicators were calculated, regression analysis was used. Results. The in- dicator “The proportion of people diagnosed with active tuberculosis diagnosed for the first time in their lives in penitentiary institutions in the total number of patients di- agnosed with active tuberculosis for the first time in their lives” is being successfully met. In 2019 it was 7.3% with a target of 7.8%. The notification rate of new cases of tuber- culosis is declining at a faster rate in correctional facilities (to 465.0 per 100,000) and at a lower rate in pre-trial de- tention centers (to 1251.0 per 100,000). The decline in the notification rate of new cases of tuberculosis in pre-trial de- tention centers may slow due to COVID-19. There is a fur- ther decrease in the prevalence of tuberculosis (to 2,677.3 per 100,000) and TB mortality (to 7.0 per 100,000). The inci- dence of TB/HIV among people living with HIV decreased to 2506.0 per 100,000, while ART coverage increased to 59.5%. A strong inverse correlation was found between the incidence of tuberculosis in people living with HIV and their coverage of ART (r=-0.99). The prevalence of MDR-TB has not changed over the past 3 years, amounting to 684.0 per 100,000 in 2019 with an increase in primary MDR to 32.8%. Conclusion: the TB epidemic situation continues to improve, mainly in correctional facilities, less in pre-trial detention centers. The improvement in the epidemic situa- tion of tuberculosis with HIV infection is associated with an increase in the coverage of people living with HIV with ART. Two multidirectional processes ensure the lack of MDR-TB dynamics: a decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis, on the one hand, and an increase in primary multidrug resis- tance of MBT, on the other.

HIV-Related Internalized Stigma and Patient Health Engagement Model in an Italian Cohort of People Living With HIV

2022 ◽  
pp. 003329412110571
Author(s):  
Valentina Massaroni ◽  
Valentina Delle Donne ◽  
Nicoletta Ciccarelli ◽  
Francesca Lombardi ◽  
Silvia Lamonica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Engagement In Care ◽  
Stigma Score ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
First Time ◽  
Italian Cohort

The care engagement of people living with HIV (PLWH) measured with the patient health engagement (PHE) model and its association with HIV-related internalized stigma are not well established. Indeed, currently there are no data yet about the engagement of PLWH measured with the PHE model. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of HIV-related internalized stigma on care engagement and mental health and to fill the lack of data on PHE model applied to PLWH. We found that the internalized stigma score was significantly higher for PLWH ( n=82) in worse care engagement phase and both higher internalized stigma scores and worse engagement were associated to major depression symptoms. In conclusion, our findings describe for the first time the engagement in care of PLWH measured with PHE and highlight the importance of PLWH support to find strategies to cope stigma-related stress and optimize their care engagement.

scholarly journals Management of TB/HIV co-infection: the state of the evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-196
Author(s):  
Kwasi Torpey ◽  
Adwoa Agyei-Nkansah ◽  
Lily Ogyiri ◽  
Audrey Forson ◽  
Margaret Lartey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
The State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV are strongly linked. There is a 19 times increased risk of developing active TB in people living with HIV than in HIV-negative people with Sub-Saharan Africa being the hardest hit region. According to the WHO, 1.3 million people died from TB, and an additional 300,000 TB-related deaths among people living with HIV. Although some progress has been made in reducing TB-related deaths among people living with HIV due to the evolution of diagnostics, treatment and antiretroviral HIV treatment, multi drug resistant TB is becoming a source of worry. Though significant progress has been made at the national level, understanding the state of the evidence and the challenges will better inform the national response of the opportunities for improved patient outcomes.Keywords: Tuberculosis, management, HIV, MDR TB, GhanaFunding: None

scholarly journals Psychological sexuality features in people living with HIV with the presence and the lack of substance use

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Darya V. Antonova ◽  
Victor V. Bocharov ◽  
Nelli S. Chrustaleva
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
First Time ◽  
Angular Transformation

Psychological sexuality features in people living with HIV with and without substance use as a determinant of the HIV epidemic growth were explored. The study involved 136 respondents (2 groups of 50 people with different infection routes: blood-borne infection route and heterosexual transmission; 36 individuals without HIV). The following research methods were used: a specially developed clinical map, an original authors questionnaire Infection risk and the disease situation (allows to register the main characteristics of the life situation of the disease), the incomplete sentences test of Sachs Levy, Freiburgh Personality Inventory, I-structure Ammon test. Data processing included the Fisher criterion (Fisher angular transformation), ANOVA, content analysis. Significant negative effects in sexual sphere related to gender and the presence of HIV were revealed in the study. It has been established that people living with HIV with and without substance use differ in the frequency of concealment of HIV status and the presence of destructive type of sexuality. It has been established that people living with HIV and healthy respondents differ in the frequency of unrealistic way of thinking regarding opposite sex. A frequent occurrence of negatively colored attitude towards opposite sex and positively colored attitude towards sexual relations was noted in all groups. The results of the study determine the need for timely preventive measures in all population groups and psychocorrectional measures among people living with HIV, which will allow to prevent an increase in the number of children and adolescents with HIV. Psychological sexuality features in people living with HIV in the Russian sample were studied for the first time. The results are partially confirmed in foreign literature.

scholarly journals Evaluation of multi-antigen serological screening for active tuberculosis among people living with HIV

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0234130
Author(s):  
Devan Jaganath ◽  
Jayant Rajan ◽  
Christina Yoon ◽  
Resmi Ravindran ◽  
Alfred Andama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Incidence Rate and Risk Factors for Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV: A 2015–2017 Cohort from Tashkent, Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5746
Author(s):  
Dilbar Sadirova ◽  
Ruzanna Grigoryan ◽  
Nargiza Parpieva ◽  
Venera Barotova ◽  
Aleksandr Trubnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv

People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) have a higher risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) disease, and TB remains a major cause of death in PLHIV. Uzbekistan is facing a substantial TB epidemic, which increases the risk of PLHIV developing active TB. Our retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the incidence rate and assess the risk factors for developing active TB among PLHIV. We collected secondary data extracted from medical charts of all patients, newly diagnosed at the AIDS Center in Tashkent, during the period of 2015–2017. The incidence rate of TB among PLHIV was 5.1 (95% CI: 4.5–6.0) per 1000 person/month. Adjusted regression analysis showed three major risk factors for TB, namely, being less than 15 years old (hazard ratio (HR) 5.83; 95% CI: 3.24–10.50, p value = 0.001),low CD4 count (adjusted hazard ratio(aHR) 21.0; 95% CI: 9.25–47.7, p value < 0.001), and antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption/not receiving ART (aHR 5.57; 95% CI: 3.46–8.97 and aHR 6.2; 95% CI: 3.75–10.24, p value < 0.001, respectively) were significantly associated with developing active TB among PLHIV. Our findings indicate that taking prescribed ART without interruptions and maintaining CD4cell counts higher than 320 cells/μL are essential to prevent the development of active TB among PLHIV.

Diagnosing active tuberculosis in people living with HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily MacLean ◽  
Kavitha Saravu ◽  
Madhukar Pai
Keyword(s):  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Incidence of Tuberculosis as a Opportunistic Infection in Patients with HIV Getting Combined Anti Retroviral Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Manoj Koirala ◽  
Buddhi Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Basanta Kumar Tamrakar ◽  
Surya Bahadur Hamal ◽  
Bishow Raj Baral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cervical Gland ◽  
Combined Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Seroconversion ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction: The risk of active Tuberculosis increases after HIV seroconversion. It progressively increases with declining immunity. Tuberculosis (TB) epidemics in HIV has led to a dramatic upsurge in global TB incidence, resulting in remarkable increase in morbidity and mortality. Many clinical studies had shown that TB is one of the commonest opportunistic infection. This study is conducted to see the incidence of tuberculosis as an opportunistic infection in patients with HIV getting combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional comparative study. Five hundred patients with HIV who are getting cART were enrolled in the study. Results: Analysis of individuals with HIV in our study amongst the 500 patients 266 (53.2%) were males and the remaining 234 (46.68%) were females. Amongst these HIV patients 48(18.04%) males and 17(7.26%) females had tuberculosis. 65(13%) of patients were TB/HIV co-infected. 2(4.1%) of these male TB/HIV patients had cervical gland TB. Conclusion: The incidence of tuberculosis in HIV infected individuals is high. TB is the commonest opportunistic infection (OIs) in people living with HIV/AIDS. Males are predominant gender to have TB/HIV co-infection.

Rising HIV notifications in Australia: accounting for the increase in people living with HIV and implications for the HIV transmission rate

Sexual Health ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samitha Ginige ◽  
Marcus Y. Chen ◽  
Jane S. Hocking ◽  
Andrew E. Grulich ◽  
Christopher K. Fairley
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Notification Rate ◽  
Hiv Epidemiology ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Notification Data

Background: To describe the changes in notification rates for HIV, as a proportion of people living with HIV infection, in Australia. Methods: Notification data on HIV and AIDS-related deaths published by the National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research were obtained and analysed for the period of 1988–2004. Results: The annual HIV notification rate per 100 people living with HIV fell significantly between 1988 and 1999 for all HIV cases and for men who have sex with men (MSM) specifically (P < 0.01). However, although there was an increase in HIV notifications between 2000 and 2004 (P = 0.01 for all HIV cases and P = 0.06 for MSM), the notification rate per 100 people living with HIV remained relatively stable (P = 0.6 for all HIV cases and P = 0.4 for MSM). Conclusions: These data suggest that despite significant rises in notifications for HIV, the effective reproductive rate for HIV has remained relatively stable since 1999.

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