Effect on the Amount of Bone-Implant Contact When Splinting Immediate-Loaded Dental Implants

The present study aims to evaluate the influence of apicocoronal position and immediate and conventional loading in the percentage of bone-implant contact (BIC). Thus, 36 implants were inserted in the edentulous mandible from six dogs. Three implants were installed in each hemimandible, in different positions in relation to the ridge: Bone Level (at crestal bone level), Minus 1 (one millimeter apical to crestal bone), and Minus 2 (two millimeters apical to crestal bone). In addition, each hemimandible was submitted to a loading protocol: immediate (prosthesis installed 24 hours after implantation) or conventional (prosthesis installed 120 days after implantation). Ninety days after, animals were killed, and implant and adjacent tissues were prepared for histometric analysis. BIC values from immediate loaded implants were 58.7%, 57.7%, and 51.1%, respectively, while conventional loaded implants were 61.8%, 53.8%, and 68.4%. Differences statistically significant were not observed among groups (P=0.10, ANOVA test). These findings suggest that different apicocoronal positioning and loading protocols evaluated did not interfere in the percentage of bone-implant contact, suggesting that these procedures did not jeopardize osseointegration.

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Is insertion torque correlated to bone-implant contact percentage in the early healing period? A histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of 17 human-retrieved dental implants

Clinical Oral Implants Research ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01599.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 778-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Marco Degidi ◽

Vittoria Perrotti ◽

Rita Strocchi ◽

Adriano Piattelli ◽

Giovanna Iezzi

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Insertion Torque ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Healing Period ◽

Bone Implant Contact ◽

Early Healing

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A Narrative Review of the Histological and Histomorphometrical Evaluation of the Peri-Implant Bone in Loaded and Unloaded Dental Implants. A 30-Year Experience (1988–2018)

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17062088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 2088 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Margherita Tumedei ◽

Adriano Piattelli ◽

Marco Degidi ◽

Carlo Mangano ◽

Giovanna Iezzi

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Loading Conditions ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Bone Implant Contact ◽

Hard Tissues ◽

Implant Loading ◽

The University ◽

System Selection

Background: The aim of the present review was to assess the histological and histomorphometrical data from the paper published by our Laboratory on peri-implant bone in dental implants in different loading conditions. Methods: The papers published in different implant loading conditions, in dental implants retrieved from humans, and in the Hard Tissues Research Center of the University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, were screened on MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and other electronic databases until 31 December 2018. Only articles that reported the histological and histomorphometrical values of the Bone-Implant Contact (BIC) were selected. Results: The system selection provided a total of 155 papers. The manuscripts included for the narrative review were 57. These papers provided histological and histomorphometrical data. Conclusions: The bone remodeling around dental implants was found to be a dynamic process; loading changed the microstructure of the peri-implant bone; and implants were found to provide a successful function, over several decades, with different range of degrees of BIC in vivo (varying from a little more than 30% to a little more than 90%). Loaded implants presented a 10%–12% higher BIC values when compared to submerged, unloaded implants, and rougher surfaces had, on average, about a 10% higher BIC than machined surfaces.

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Bone Response to Two Dental Implants with Different Sandblasted/Acid-Etched Implant Surfaces: A Histological and Histomorphometrical Study in Rabbits

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/8724951 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Antonio Scarano ◽

Adriano Piattelli ◽

Alesandro Quaranta ◽

Felice Lorusso

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Model Experiment ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Bone Implant ◽

The Past ◽

Hydrophilic Surfaces ◽

Bone Response ◽

Bone Implant Contact ◽

Implant Dentistry

Background. Scientific evidence in the field of implant dentistry of the past 20 years established that titanium rough surfaces have shown improved osseointegration rates. In a majority of dental implants, the surface microroughness was obtained by grit blasting and/or acid etching. The aim of the study was to evaluate in vivo two different highly hydrophilic surfaces at different experimental times. Methods. Calcium-modified (CA) and SLActive surfaces were evaluated and a total of 18 implants for each type of surface were positioned into the rabbit articular femoral knee-joint in a split model experiment, and they were evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically at 15, 30, and 60 days of healing. Results. Bone-implant contact (BIC) at the two-implant surfaces was significantly different in favor of the CA surface at 15 days (p=0.027), while SLActive displayed not significantly higher values at 30 (p=0.51) and 60 days (p=0.061). Conclusion. Both implant surfaces show an intimate interaction with newly formed bone.

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The Use of Small Titanium Screws for Orthodontic Anchorage

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/154405910308200510 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 82 (5) ◽

pp. 377-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 197

Author(s):

T. Deguchi ◽

T. Takano-Yamamoto ◽

R. Kanomi ◽

J.K. Hartsfield ◽

W.E. Roberts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Contact Analysis ◽

Lamellar Bone ◽

Orthodontic Anchorage ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Large Size ◽

Healing Period ◽

Titanium Screws ◽

Bone Implant Contact ◽

Healing Group

The use of conventional dental implants for orthodontic anchorage is limited by their large size. The purpose of this study was to quantify the histomorphometric properties of the bone-implant interface to analyze the use of small titanium screws as an orthodontic anchorage and to establish an adequate healing period. Overall, successful rigid osseous fixation was achieved by 97% of the 96 implants placed in 8 dogs and 100% of the elastomeric chain-loaded implants. All of the loaded implants remained integrated. Mandibular implants had significantly higher bone-implant contact than maxillary implants. Within each arch, the significant histomorphometric indices noted for the “three-week unloaded” healing group were: increased labeling incidence, higher woven-to-lamellar-bone ratio, and increased osseous contact. Analysis of these data indicates that small titanium screws were able to function as rigid osseous anchorage against orthodontic load for 3 months with a minimal (under 3 weeks) healing period.

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Thirty Years of Translational Research in Zirconia Dental Implants: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-17-00016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 314-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Allauddin Siddiqi ◽

Abdul Samad Khan ◽

Sobia Zafar

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Zirconia Ceramic ◽

Computer Search ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Animal Trials ◽

Bone Implant Contact ◽

Preclinical Animal Models

Thirty years of transitional research in zirconia (Zr) ceramics has led to significant improvements in the biomedical field, especially in dental implantology. Oral implants made of yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) because of their excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and esthetically acceptable color have emerged as an attractive metal-free alternative to titanium (Ti) implants. The aim of the review was to highlight the translation research in Zr dental implants that has been conducted over the past 3 decades using preclinical animal models. A computer search of electronic databases, primarily PubMed, was performed with the following key words: “zirconia ceramics AND animal trials,” “ceramic implants AND animal trials,” “zirconia AND animal trials,” “zirconia AND in vivo animal trials,” without any language restriction. However, the search was limited to animal trials discussing percentage bone-implant contact (%BIC) around zirconia implants/discs. This search resulted in 132 articles (reviews, in vivo studies, and animal studies) of potential interest. We restricted our search terms to “zirconia/ceramic,” “bone-implant-contact,” and “animal trials” and found 29 relevant publications, which were then selected for full-text reading. Reasons for exclusion included the article's not being an animal study, being a review article, and not discussing %BIC around Zr implants/discs. Most of the studies investigated BIC around Zr in rabbits (30%), pigs (approximately 20%), dogs, sheep, and rats. This review of the literature shows that preclinical animal models can be successfully used to investigate osseointegration around Zr ceramics. Results of the reviewed studies demonstrated excellent %BIC around Zr implants. It should be noted that most of the studies investigated %BIC/removal torque under nonloading conditions, and results would have been somewhat different in functional loading situations because of inherent limitations of Zr ceramics. Further trials are needed to evaluate the performance of Zr ceramics in clinical conditions using implants designed and manufactured via novel techniques that enhance their biomechanical properties.

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Macrophagic Inflammatory Response Next to Dental Implants with Different Macro- and Micro-Structure: An In Vitro Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11125324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 5324

Author(s):

Maria Menini ◽

Francesca Delucchi ◽

Domenico Baldi ◽

Francesco Pera ◽

Francesco Bagnasco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Dental Implants ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Optimal Outcomes ◽

Negative Controls ◽

Inflammatory Effect

(1) Background: Intrinsic characteristics of the implant surface and the possible presence of endotoxins may affect the bone–implant interface and cause an inflammatory response. This study aims to evaluate the possible inflammatory response induced in vitro in macrophages in contact with five different commercially available dental implants. (2) Methods: one zirconia implant NobelPearl® (Nobel Biocare) and four titanium implants, Syra® (Sweden & Martina), Prama® (Sweden & Martina), 3iT3® (Biomet 3i) and Shard® (Mech & Human), were evaluated. After 4 h of contact of murine macrophage cells J774a.1 with the implants, the total RNA was extracted, transcribed to cDNA and the gene expression of the macrophages was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in relation to the following genes: GAPDH, YWHAZ, IL1β, IL6, TNFα, NOS2, MMP-9, MMP-8 and TIMP3. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with negative controls. (3) Results: No implant triggered a significant inflammatory response in macrophages, although 3iT3 exhibited a slight pro-inflammatory effect compared to other samples. (4) Conclusions: All the samples showed optimal outcomes without any inflammatory stimulus on the examined macrophagic cells.

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Effect of Osteoporosis on Well-Integrated Bone Implants

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11020723 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 723

Author(s):

Amani M. Basudan ◽

Marwa Y. Shaheen ◽

Abdurahman A. Niazy ◽

Jeroen J.J.P. van den Beucken ◽

John A. Jansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Femoral Condyle ◽

Bone Implants ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Ovx Rats ◽

Bone Response ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Edentulous Patients

The installation of dental implants has become a common treatment for edentulous patients. However, concern exists about the influence of osteoporosis on the final implant success. This study evaluated whether an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporotic condition, induced eight weeks postimplantation in a rat femoral condyle, influences the bone response to already-integrated implants. The implants were inserted in the femoral condyle of 16 female Wistar rats. Eight weeks postimplantation, rats were randomly ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated (SHAM). Fourteen weeks later, animals were sacrificed, and implants were used for histological and histomorphometric analyses. A significant reduction in the quantity and quality of trabecular bone around dental implants existed in OVX rats in comparison to the SHAM group. For histomorphometric analysis, the bone area (BA%) showed a significant difference between OVX (34.2 ± 4.3) and SHAM (52.6 ± 12.7) groups (p < 0.05). Bone–implant contact (BIC%) revealed significantly lower values for all implants in OVX (42.5 ± 20.4) versus SHAM (59.0 ± 19.0) rats. Therefore, induction of an osteoporotic condition eight weeks postimplantation in a rat model negatively affects the amount of bone present in close vicinity to bone implants.

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Tantalum as a Novel Biomaterial for Bone Implant: A Literature Review

Journal of Biomimetics Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.52.55 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 55-65

Author(s):

Ivan Putrantyo ◽

Nikhit Anilbhai ◽

Revati Vanjani ◽

Brigita De Vega

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Bulk Material ◽

High Melting Point ◽

Design Modification ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Specific Strength ◽

Metallic Implants ◽

Tantalum Coatings

Titanium (Ti) has been used in metallic implants since the 1950s due to various biocompatible and mechanical properties. However, due to its high Young’s modulus, it has been modified over the years in order to produce a better biomaterial. Tantalum (Ta) has recently emerged as a new potential biomaterial for bone and dental implants. It has been reported to have better corrosion resistance and osteo-regenerative properties as compared to Ti alloys which are most widely used in the bone-implant industry. Currently, Tantalum cannot be widely used yet due to its limited availability, high melting point, and high-cost production. This review paper discusses various manufacturing methods of Tantalum alloys, including conventional and additive manufacturing and also discusses their drawbacks and shortcomings. Recent research includes surface modification of various metals using Tantalum coatings in order to combine bulk material properties of different materials and the porous surface properties of Tantalum. Design modification also plays a crucial role in controlling bulk properties. The porous design does provide a lower density, wider surface area, and more immense specific strength. In addition to improved mechanical properties, a porous design could also escalate the material's biological and permeability properties. With current advancement in additive manufacturing technology, difficulties in processing Tantalum could be resolved. Therefore, Tantalum should be considered as a serious candidate material for future bone and dental implants.

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Strontium-Loaded Nanotubes of Ti–24Nb–4Zr–8Sn Alloys for Biomedical Implantation

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jbn.2021.3160 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 1812-1823

Author(s):

Fei Liu ◽

Xinyu Wang ◽

Shujun Li ◽

Yiheng Liao ◽

Xinxin Zhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Contact Rate ◽

Hard Tissue ◽

Tissue Slices ◽

Bone Implant ◽

P Elements ◽

Low Elastic Modulus ◽

Bone Implant Contact

Ti–24Nb–4Zr–8Sn (Ti2448) alloys, with a relatively low elastic modulus and unique mechanical properties, are desirable materials for oral implantation. In the current study, a multifaceted strontium-incorporating nanotube coating was fabricated on a Ti2448 alloy (Ti2-NTSr) through anodization and hydrothermal procedures. In vitro, the Ti2-NTSr specimens demonstrated better osteogenic properties and more favorable osteoimmunomodulatory abilities. Moreover, macrophages on Ti2-NTSr specimens could improve the recruitment and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts. In vivo, dense clots with highly branched, thin fibrins and small pores existed on the Ti2-NTSr implant in the early stage after surgery. Analysis of the deposition of Ca and P elements, hard tissue slices and the bone-implant contact rate (BIC%) of the Ti2-NTSr implants also showed superior osseointegration. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the Ti2-NTSr coating may maximize the clinical outcomes of Ti2448 alloys for implantation applications.

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